This document provides an introduction to pediatric nursing. It discusses key concepts like family-centered care, high technology care, evidence-based practice, and atraumatic care. It also covers national policies and legislation related to children's health and welfare in India. These include the Child Marriage Restraint Act, Child Labour Act, Juvenile Justice Act, and others. Child mortality and morbidity rates are also addressed. The principles of preventive pediatrics and classifications within pediatric nursing are defined.

1. E.DEENA
INTRODUCTION TO CHILD HEALTH
NURSING

2. AT THE END OF THE CLASS THE STUDENTS SHOULD BE
ABLE TO LEARN
Internationally accepted rights of the child
National policy and legislation in relation to child and welfare,
National programs related to childhood and welfare Agencies related to welfare services to the children
Changing trends in hospital care
Child morbidity and mortality rates

3. 1.How many of you
love children? 2.Why
do you love
children?
REASON-??????

4. PAEDIATRICS
Paedia –child
Iatric - treatment
Ics - branch of science
Defined as the branch of medical
science that deals with the care of
children from conception to
adolescence in health and illness.
It is concerned with preventive,
promotive, curative and rehabilitative
care of children.

5. Paediatric Nursing
Is the specialized area of nursing practice
concerning the care of children during
wellness and illness, which includes
preventive, promotive, curative and
rehabilitative care of children.

6. Taught protection of weak by strong and
to give care for the ill by the well.
They gave special consideration to the
helpless children.
Orphan ,asylum for dependent children
and hospitals for the care of sick
children
IMPACT OF CHRISTIANITY ON
CHILD CARE

7. EUROPE:
Before the 19th century :
People had short life expectancy-great
epidemics and contagious disease.
Young men died in war because of injuries ,
Maternal death was high resulted in many
children to live in boarding , baby care and
asylum.

8. PRINCIPLES IN PEDIATIC NURSING
1. ¨Foster growth and development
2. ¨Give high standard and high technology of nu
care
3. ¨Not adhering to procedure routine
4. ¨Minimize psychological trauma
5. ¨Provide atraumatic care
6. ¨Family centered care
7. ¨Accept the child and parents as they are

9. FAMILY CENTERED CARE
HIGH TECHNOLOGY CARE
EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE
ATRAUMATIC CARE
COST CONTAINMENT
PREVENTION AND HEALTH PROMOTION
MODERN CONCEPT OF CHILD CARE

10. FAMILY
CENTERED
CARE-
DEFINITION
it is an approach in which health care
providers work “with” patients and
families instead of simply doing
something “to” or “for” them.
Family-centered care is emerging as a
preferred approach to health care
delivery, both by medical professionals
and families.

11. FAMILYCENTEREDCARE-BENEFITS:
To maximize the well being of children
To develop the best plan of care for a child.
To reduce both the child’s and parent’s anxiety
To maximize a child’s outcome.
Empowering the family members

15. 2.HIGH TECHNOLOGY CARE
Advancement in medical field has created the care of
children too technologically versatile.
The nurse also needs to be technologically competent
enough to meet the nursing care needs of children.
The advancement in diagnostic technology has made
detection of many disorders even in the fetal period

16. 3.EVIDENCE-BASED
PRACTICE COMBINES
RESEARCH AND CLINICAL
EXPERIENCE, WHILE ALSO
ALSO TAKING INTO
ACCOUNT THE
PARTICULAR PATIENTS
VALUES TO DETERMINE
THE BEST PRACTICE FOR
A PARTICULAR SITUATION.

20. TRENDS IN PEDIATRIC NURSING
Better understanding of emotional response of children
Growth of specialization within the field of pediatric medicine has
had an impact on the nursing knowledge and nursing care of
children
More emphasis on preventive care (Immunization, nutrition,
demonstration, health education).

21. Emphasis on “WHOLE CHILD” care
Acceptance of family centered care with holistic approach
Influence of research findings
Acceptance of beneficial traditional practices (breast feeding,
rooming in)
Newer diagnostic and treatment modalities

22. Masters in pediatric
nursing, post diploma
in pediatric nursing-
possible in India
Pediatric nurse
practitioner, pediatric
clinical nurse
specialist-possible in
western countries

23. ROLE OF PEDIATRIC NURSE IN
CHILD CARE
Preventive care
Health education/Health promotion
Restoration of health/Curative
Rehabilitative care

24. ROLES OF A PEDIATRIC
NURSE

25. CHILDREN'S TEN BASIC RIGHTS
The right to Education
The right to Expression
The right to Information
The right to Nutrition
The right to Health & Care
The right to protection from Abuse
The right to protection from Exploitation
The right to Development
The right to Recreation
The right to Name & Nationality
The right to Survival

26. QUIZ
CAN YOU LIST ANY 5 RIGHTS OF A
CHILD? LIST ANY 5 TRENDS IN
PEDIATRIC NURSING?

27. NATIONAL POLICY FOR CHILDREN
India is home to the largest child
population in the world.
The State is responsible for ensuring
that childhood is protected from
exploitation and moral and material
abandonment.

28. NATIONAL POLICY FOR CHILDREN
The Government of India adopted a National Policy for
children in August 1974
Every child has universal child rights
Mental,emotional, cognitive,social and cultural
development of the child is to be addressed in
totality
All children have equal rights and no child shall be
discriminated against on grounds of religion,
race,caste, sex, place of birth, class,language, and
disability, social, economic or any other status

29. A comprehensive health program for all children and
provision of nutrition services for children.
Provision of health care, nutrition and nutrition
education for expectant and nursing mothers.
Free and compulsory education up to the age of 14 years,
informal education for preschoolers and efforts to reduce
wastage and stagnation in schools.
Out of school education for those not having access to
formal education.
Promotion of games, recreation and activities in
schools and community centers.
Special programs for children from weaker sections.
PRINCIPLES:

30. NATIONAL POLICY FOR CHILDREN, 2013
4 PRIORITY AREAS
•survival
•health and nutrition
•education and development
•protection and participation

31. 1. The Government of India adopted a
National Policy for children in--------------
QUIZ

32. ICEBREAKER

33. LEGISLATION RELATED TO CHILDREN HEALTH
Legislation - the act of
making or enacting
laws

34. Punishment for
solemnizing a child
marriage-3 MONTHS
IMPRISONMENT
The Child Marriage Restraint Act, 1929

35. PUNISHMENT FOR MALE ADULT BELOW
TWENTY ONE YEARS OF AGE
MARRYING A CHILD-IMPRISONMENT WHICH
MAY EXTEND TO FIFTEEN
days,
or with fine which may
extend to one thousand rupees, or with
both.The age for marriage for boys is 21 years
and for girls is 18
The Child Marriage Restraint Act, 1929

36. R OL N A P A R K C H U R C H | J A N . 2 0 2 0
THE CHILD LABOUR (PROHIBITION AND
REGULATION)
AC
The Act prohibits the employment of
children below the age of 14 years in
hazardous occupations identified in a list
by the law

37. Prohibition of employment of CHILDREN in certain occupatio
Hours and period of work
Children are not permitted in the following said area-
Passenger’s Goods, transportWeaving
Cement manufacturing
Dying and printing
Explosives
Tobacco manufacturing
Cleaning ash dumps
Maintenance of register

38. THE JUVENILE JUSTICE (CARE AND PROTECTION
OF
CHILDREN) ACT, 1986
THE LAW DEFINES A “JUVENILE OR
CHILD’
”

39. The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of
Children) Act, 1986
However, the juvenile must be sent to
an observation home or a "place of
safety
During the"inquiry" and not a "trial",
such delinquents are to be housed in
the Observation home and the
"inquiry" has to be completed within
four months.

40. The Infant Milk Substitutes, Feeding
Bottles and Infant Foods (Regulation of
Production, Supply and Distribution)
Act, 1992.
No person shall advertise, take part in
promotion of use or sale, supply of or
donate or distribute
infant milk substitutes

41. THE PRE-CONCEPTION AND PRE-NATAL
DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUE(PROHIBITION OF
SEX SELECTION) ACT,
1994.

42. MAIN PROVISIONS IN THE ACT
ARE-
The Act provides for the prohibition of sex
selection, before or after conception.
No laboratory or centre or clinic will
conduct any test including
ultrasonography for the purpose of
determining the sex of the foetus.
imprisoned for up to three years and fined
Rs. 10,000

43. THE EDUCATION FOR ALL
HANDICAPPED CHILDREN ACT (1975)
The education for all Handicapped
Children Act mandate state education
agencies to develop plan to provide full
educational opportunities to all school age
handicapped children.

44. THE CHILDREN ACT (1960)
The children act, 1960 in India
(amended in 1977
provides for the care, maintenance,
welfare, training, education and
rehabilitation of the delinquent child.
It covers the
destitute,neglected,socially
handicapped, uncontrollable,
victimized and delinquent children.

45. SEXUAL OFFENCES ACT 2003
Aims to further protect children and people
with a mental disorder from sexual crimes

46. Child Mortality and Morbidity
Perinatal mortality includes deaths
between the fetal viability (22 weeks
gestation) and the end of the 7th day after
delivery.
Neonatal mortality includes deaths in the
first 28 days of life.
Post neonatal mortality includes deaths
after 28 days of life but before one year.

47. CHILD MORTALITY INCLUDES DEATHS
WITHIN THE FIRST FIVE YEARS
AFTER BIRTH

48. Under – five mortality rate
includes the number of deaths
of children less than 5 years of
age in a year

49. INFANT MORTALITY RATE
Infant mortality rate (IMR) is the
number of deaths of babies under one
year of age per 1,000 live births.
Causes are low birth weight, Acute
Respiratory Infection, diarrheal diseases,
congenital malformations and infections (
umbilical sepsis)

51. CONCEPT OF PREVENTIVE PAEDIATRICS
Levels of prevention
1.Primary prevention
It focusses on health promotion and
prevention of disease or injury
Eg.
Well child care clinic
Immunization programs
Safety programs
Environmental efforts
Community parenting classes

52. Secondary prevention
Focuses on screening and early diagnosis of
disease.
Eg.
Tuberculosis screening
Mental health counselling

53. Tertiary prevention
Focuses on optimizing function for children with
chronic diseases or disabilities
Eg.
Rehabilitation and disease management
programe for asthma, cancer etc.

54. CLASSIFICATION
Antenatal paediatrics
Postnatal paediatrics
Community paediatrics
Social paediatrics

55. ANTENATAL PAEDIATRICS
Care of pregnant mothers
Adequate nutrition
Prevention of communicable diseases
Preparation for delivery
Breastfeeding

56. POSTNATAL PAEDIATRICS
Promotion of breastfeeding
Introduction of complementary feeding
Immunization
Prevention of accidents
Growth monitoring
Health check ups
Psychological assessment

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of physical mental and social wellbeing of
children
Activities:
G: Growth
Monitoring
O: Oral Rehydration
Therapy
B : Breast Feeding
I : Immunization
F : Family planning

58. ¨Growth chart is recommended by the
Government of India to
monitor the growth
For monitoring
growth
For diagnostic
purpose
For planning
and policy
making
For
educational
tool
For action
For
evaluation
For
teaching

60. CHECK AND TELL WHETHER
THE CHILD'S WEIGHT IS
ADEQUATE FOR HIS AGE
6MONTHS CHILD WEIGHING
4KG

61. ORAL REHYDRATION
THERAPY
Aim is to prevent dehydration and reduce mortality
in child¨Aim is to prevent dehydration and reduce
mortality in children with diarrhea
Composition of reduced osmolarity ORS
gms / liter mmol / liter
¨Sodium chloride 2.6 75
¨Glucose 13.5 65
¨Potassium chloride1.5 75
¨Trisodium citrate dihydrate 2.9 20
Total weight 20.5 245

62. PROMOTION OF BREAST
FEEDING
It is the ideal food for infant
According to WHO baby
should be exclusively breast
fed up to six months
Indian mothers secrete 450 –
600 ml of milk daily
It reduces IMR in developing
countries are 5 -10 times
higher among breast fed
children

63. FOR CHILD
The primary benefit of breast milk is nutritional
Human milk contains just the right amount of fatty
acids, lactose, water, and amino acids for human
digestion, brain development, and growth.
A breast-fed baby's digestive tract contains large
amounts of Lactobacillus bifidus, that prevent the
growth of harmful organisms
Human milk is always sterile
Sucking at the breast promotes good jaw
development
01
ADVANTAGES / BENEFITS /
IMPORTANCE

64. Breast milk promotes a sense of security from
the warmth and presence of the mother
It prevents clinical problem such as
dehydration, hyperbilirubinemia, and severe
weight loss
Breastfeeding makes the baby more
intelligent
Breastfeeding may reduce the risk of obesity
in childhood and adulthood
Breastfeeding has been linked to the
prevention of childhood leukemia, Type 1
diabetes and high blood pressure later in life

65. DECREASE POST-DELIVERY BLEEDING
AND THE RISK OF ANEMIA
IT BURNS MORE CALORIES AND
HELPS TO LOSE WEIGHT AND ALSO
AVOIDS OBESITY
Reduced risk of pre-menopausal breast
cancer, ovarian cancer, and fractures from
osteoporosis
Breastfeeding can delay the return of fertility
through lactational amenorrhea.
Breastfeeding diabetic mothers need less
insulin
10

66. BABY FRIENDLY HOSPITAL INITIATIVE 1992
AIM is to Promote , protect & support breast feeding
10- STEPS(POLICIES) FOR SUCCESSFUL
BREASTFEEDING
Have a written breast feeding policy
Train all health care staff in skills necessary to
implement this policy
Inform all pregnant women about the benefits and
management of breast feeding
Help mother’s to initiate breast feeding within ½
hour of birth
Show mother’s how to breast feed and how
to maintain lactation even if they are
separated

67. Give newborn infant’s no food or drink other
than breast milk
¨Practice rooming –in allow mother and infant
to remain together 24 hours a day
¨Encourage breast feeding on demand
¨Give no artificial teats and pacifiers to breast
feeding infants
¨Foster the establishment of breastfeeding
support groups and refer the mother’s to
them at dischargether than breast milk

68. Bring
your
presentation
to
the
next
level
IMMUNISATIO
N
•IT IS GIVEN TO PROTECT THE CHILDREN
AGAINST SIX KILLERS DISEASES SUCH AS
DIPHTHERIA, PERTUSSIS, TETANUS,
POLIOMYELITIS, MEASLES, TUBERCULOSIS
VACCINES ARE STORED AT 2 – 8 DEGREE C
CONTRAINDICATIONS
• AN ACUTE ILLNESS WITH FEVER
CHILDREN ON IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE

70. ¨Temporary method
¨Permanent method
FAMILY
PLANNING

71. 1. Vitamin A prophylaxis programme – 1970
2. Prophylaxis against nutritional anemia – 4th 5
year
3. Control of iodine deficiency disorder – 1962
4. Special nutritional programme – 1970
5.Balwadi nutritional programme – 1970
6. ICDS – 1975
7. Mid day meal programme - 1961
FEEDING