Ovid was a Roman poet born in 43 BC who was best known for his work Metamorphoses, an epic poem about 250 myths from Greek and Roman mythology. He wrote early works like Amores and Ars Amatoria about the subject of love and seduction. However, in AD 8 he was exiled by Augustus and spent his final years in exile, writing the poems Tristia and Epistulae ex Ponto to depict his despair. The document provides biographical details about Ovid's life and analyzes some of his major works.

1. Ovid
43 B.C. – 17 or 18 A.D.

2. Publius Ovidius Naso
• Much of our information about Ovid’s life comes from
Tristia, a poem he wrote after he had been exiled and his
poems banned from public libraries.
• He was born in Sulmo (modern Sulmona) about 90 miles
east and north of Rome, in 43 B.C., a year after Julius
Caesar’s assassination, and a year before Cicero’s
execution.
• At this time, there was a civil war in Italy, which ended
with Octavian’s victory at Actium in 31 B.C.

3. Publius Ovidius Naso (cont.)
• He was born into a wealthy family of equestrian rank.
• Ovid was educated first in Sulmo and then in Rome
• Schooling at that time emphasized study of rhetoric and
public speaking, important for law and politics.
• Ovid gave up political career
• In 26 B.C. or 25 B.C., he began to read his poetry in
public perhaps at age 17 or 18.
• Ovid’s father had reservations about Ovid’s early interest
in poetry:
“Often my father said, why try a useless task? Tristia 4.10. 21-22.

4. Ovid’s Amores
• First published work was the Amores (Loves).
• They were short poems written in the first person in elegiac
couplets. This became his favorite meter, which he used in all his
poems except the Metamorphoses (which he wrote in dactylic
hexameter).
• Ovid’s poems devoted to subject of poetry and love, but plays with
readers, introduces comedy and satire into elegiac.

5. The Heroides
• The Heroides is a collection of 15 verse epistles addressed by women
(female voices) to the men they loved and lost.
• Almost all the are characters from mythology; Penelope to Ulysses
after waiting 20 years for his return, Medea to Jason after he
deserted her, Dido to Aeneas, etc.
• Ovid was not working in an established tradition.
• He wrote dramatic monologues to create characters and reveal their
psychologies.

6. Ars Amatoria (The Art of Love)
• The Ars Amatoria was an unprecedented didactic poem
on art of seduction, written for men.
• Poem is in 3 books and a poet-lover teaches a course in
love based on his own experiences and technical
knowledge.
• 3 subjects:
1. The best pick-up places in Rome
2. Hunting techniques
3. The art of keeping the girl once caught

7. Ars Amatoria (cont’d)
• Later, Ovid decided to write a third book instructing women in
the arts of love. Most of it has to do with appearance and
behavior.
• In the Ars Amatoria Ovid parodies love elegy and didactic
poetry.
• Also makes fun of political and moral climate of Augustan
Rome and provides social commentary.
• Ovid followed this with Remedia - a sort of advice column in
which the professor advises lovers how to escape their
predicaments.

8. The Metamorphoses (Transformations)
• Ovid turned to epic and wrote his great mythological
poem, the Metamorphoses.
• 250 stories from Greek and Roman mythology within a
vaguely chronological framework
• Many stories from myth, that we are familiar with, are
from this poem.
• Ovid was a master storyteller, always varying his narrative
and his subject
• Some myths told in a few lines, other several hundred
with elaborate detail, psychological realism
• Others dealt with obscurely and allusively
• Some are comedies, others tragedies, many told by other
narrators within the myth, stories within stories.

9. Echo and Narcissus
by Waterhouse
Venus and Adonis
By Titian
Pygmalion and Galatea
by Jean-Leon Gerome
Thisbe
By
Waterhouse

10. Exile
• In A.D. 8, when copies of Metamorphoses were circulating
among his friends, Ovid was banished from Rome by
Augustus and his books removed from public libraries.
• He was exiled to Tomis, on site of modern Constanza, in
Romania. It was a barren, uncivilized place inhabited by a
Thracian tribe.
• In spite of many petitions from the poet and his many
friends in Rome, Augustus never relented, nor did Tiberius
who succeeded Augustus in A.D. 14.
• Ovid died in exile in late A.D. 17 or early 18.

11. Works from exile
• Wrote two collections of poetry from exile; the Tristia and
the Epistulae ex Ponto. Many are poetic epistles written in
despair.
• Revives elegy’s ancient Greek association with death and
lamentation.
“Here I am, bereft of country, home and you, everything gone that could be
taken from me. My art is still my companion and my joy - over that Caesar
could not get jurisdiction.” Tristia 3.7.45-8

12. Questions/Discussions about
Ovid and his works.
• What is love elegy?
• Why is meter used in poetry?
• Compare/contrast comedy and satire.
• What is an epistle?
• What is the difference between love elegy and didactic
poetry?
• Why do you think was Ovid exiled?
• Some contemporaries of Ovid’s were Vergil (70-19 B.C.) and
Horace (65 – 8 B.C.) What were they writing at that time?