The document discusses how living things need to perform certain functions like breathing in order to survive. It explains that plants and animals have developed different structures and ways of breathing, such as lungs, holes in abdomens, and gills. The document also discusses Darwin's famous study of finches on the Galapagos Islands where he observed how their beak structures evolved to suit their environments and food sources.

2.  Living things will have to do certain things in
order to stay alive
 Animals have to move, eat and exchange gas
(breathe)
 Plants exchange gas and absorb nutrients

5.  Organisms have developed many different
ways to accomplish this through;
◦ Body parts – Called Stuctures
◦ Eg. Humans breathe through use of lungs
◦ Grasshoppers breathe through holes in their
abdomens
◦ Fish through gills
◦ Etc…

7.  All organisms have to perform certain
functions in order to stay alive such as
breathing
 Plants and animals have developed different
ways to accomplish each task

8. Some have fins

11.  Tentacles

12.  Insects have pincers

13.  Mammals have teeth

14.  Some mammals use their tongues because
they lack teeth

15.  Many animals will have the same structure
but it may be a tad different
 On the Galapagos Islands a famous study by
Charles Darwin compared 13 closely related
species of finches to each other
 Can you spot the difference?

17.  Although these finches are of a similar
species they had different features to perform
the same task
 Each of the bill types worked best for the
food on that section of the Islands
 Look at page 92 in textbook to see uses of
each finch beak
◦ Pointy was for insects in bark, Parrot shaped was
for fruit, similar parrot shape for nuts and seeds

18.  This study opened the door to the idea of
evolution and Darwinian belief of “Survival of
the Fittest”
 This explains that the best suited animal will
thrive in that area while the least suited will
die off
 Also called “Natural Selection”