Hydraulic systems use liquid under pressure to increase mechanical advantage. They allow heavy loads to be moved more easily and safely than was possible with simple machines. Hydraulics work through Pascal's law - pressure applied to an input piston is distributed equally throughout the liquid and exerts force on a larger output piston, multiplying the mechanical advantage. This principle enables construction projects to be completed more efficiently using hydraulics rather than manual labor alone.

2.  Works by putting a liquid under pressure to
move a load
 The hydraulic system increases the
mechanical advantage of the levers in the
machines

3.  Before hydraulics all construction projects
were done mainly by hand using ramps,
levers and wheel and axels.
 Structures like the Egyptian pyramids were
created using these techniques
◦ Each stone on the pyramids weighed at least 5-
tonnes
◦ Imagine movine those with only simple machines

4.  Since the creation of hydraulics construction
projects are done much faster and much safer
 Hydraulic systems are no implemented into
our everyday lives from the raising chair at
the hair salon to the breaks that control the
speed of your car

5.  Hydraulic systems work because they put
fluid under pressure
 This is where PASCAL’s LAW comes into effect
once again
 Pascal’s Law. The pressure being applied is
equally distributed in all directions

6.  Pressure is created with a piston
◦ A piston is a disk that is tightly fit into a cylinder,
and as the disk moves it either draws fluid in or
pushes it out
 Modern Hydraulic systems use a two-piston
system where two pistons are attached to
either end of the cylinder

7.  The first piston in a system like this is known
as the input piston
◦ This is used to apply the force directly to the fluid,
which creates pressure inside the fluid
 The second piston is the output piston
◦ This piston catches the pressure in the fluid that is
created by the input piston
◦ The input pressure equals the output pressure
 The pressure exerts a force on the output
piston, which causes it to move

8.  The MA comes from the fluid pressure in the
system
 The pressure that is created at the input
piston goes throughout the fluid within the
system and pushes on the output piston
 If you push on a smaller input piston, it
presses on the fluid and presses up on a
large output piston to lift the load

9.  Follow this formula;
◦ MA = Output divided by Input
◦ Ex. If you applied 20N to a input piston and
received 500 from the output piston. What would
be the MA?

10.  MA = Output/input
 MA = 500N/20N
 MA = 25

11.  Large MA’s can be created using hydraulic
systems because the fluid is transmitting the
pressure equally
 It allows us to use less force on a smaller
piston to create a larger force on a larger
piston

12.  Remember that P = F/A
◦ Pressure = Force divided by Area
 If we had a small piston with an area of 4cm2
and it applies 40N of force to the fluid.
 P=F/A  P=40N/4cm2 = 10N/cm2
 What if the large piston had an area of
100cm2, what would the force exerted be?

13.  Remember that the;
 small piston = large piston
 So to solve this we write the equation as follows:
 Small piston = Large Piston
 Force of Small = Force of Large
Area of Small Area of Large
 20N = ? .
4cm2 100cm2
 Solve for the ?

15.  Don’t forget that the hydraulic System
increases the force on the output piston, but
the input piston moves a greater distance to
accomplish that