Controlling involves measuring current performance against predetermined standards to ensure progress towards objectives. It establishes reasonable standards, measures performance, and compares it to standards. When performance does not meet standards, corrective actions like improving performance, changing policies, or revising standards can be taken. Controlling uses feedback, concurrent, and feedforward methods by monitoring inputs, processes, and outputs to anticipate and prevent issues while learning from past results.

1. FUNCTION OF
CONTROLLING

2.  It is the checking current performance against
pre-determined standards contained in the plans,
with a view to ensure adequate progress and
satisfactory performance. (EFL Breach)
 It is the measurement and correction of
performance in order to make sure that company
objectives and the plans devised to attain them
are accomplished. (Harold Koontz)

3.  1. Establishing Standards
 Set high but achievable
standards.
 Can determine reasonable
standards by studying the job,
using past experience,
gathering industry
information, and asking for
input from experienced
workers.

4.  2. Measuring and Comparing
Performance
 Standards become the basis
for determining effective
performance.
 Gather information on all parts
of business operations for
which they are responsible.
 Compare that information
against the standards to
determine if performance is
meeting the standards.

5.  3. Taking Corrective Action
 When managers find out that
performance is not meeting
standards, they can take
three (3) possible actions:
 Take steps to improve.
performance
 Change policies and
procedures.
 Revise the standard.

6. Feed Forward Control
• Monitoring inputs
• Anticipating and
preventing
problems
Concurrent Control
• Monitoring
processes
• Adjusting ongoing
activities
Feedback Control
• Monitoring
products
• Learning from
past mistakes
INPUTS
PRODUCTIVE
PROCESSES AND
ACTIVITIES
OUTPUTS