process

1. Controlling
The process of measuring performance and taking
action to ensure desired results.
Control is actions which adjust operations to
predetermined standards . The basis of control is
information in the hand of managers.
Control involves establishing standards , checking
to determine whether the standards are being met,
and taking corrective action when significant
deviations from the standards occur.
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2. Importance of Controlling
(i) Accomplishing organizational goals.
(ii) Judging accuracy of standards.
(iii) Making efficient use of resources.
(iv) Improving employee motivation.
(v) Facilitating coordination in action.
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3. Steps in the control process:
– Step 1 — Establish objectives and standards.
– Step 2 — Measure actual performance.
– Step 3 — Compare results with objectives and
standards.
– Step 4 — Take corrective action as needed.
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4. 4
steps of the control process.

5. Step 1 — Establishing objectives and
standers.
Control standers divided into :
1- Quantity standers. Easy to measure.
2- Quality standers. Easy to measure.
3- Cost standers. Easy to measure.
4- General standers. Difficult to measure.
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6. Step 2 — Measuring actual performance
• Goal is accurate measurement of actual
performance results and/or performance
efforts.
• Must identify significant differences
between actual results and original plan.
• Effective control requires measurement.
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7. Step 3 — Comparing results with objectives and
standards
– Need for action reflects the difference
between desired performance and actual
performance.
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Step 4 — Taking corrective action
– Taking action when a discrepancy exists
between desired and actual performance.

8. Types of Control
1- Preliminary control:
Sometimes called the feed forward controls, they
are accomplished before a work activity begins.
They make sure that proper directions are set and
that the right resources are available to accomplish
them.
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9. 2- Concurrent control:
Focus on what happens during the work
process. Sometimes called steering
controls, they monitor ongoing operations
and activities to make sure that things are
being done correctly.
3- Past action control:
Sometimes called feedback controls, they
take place after an action is completed.
They focus on end results.
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10. Other types of control
1- Internal Control and External control.
2- Direct Control and Indirect control.
3- Managerial control and financial control.
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