Unit 3 natural science 5th
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Plants undergo two processes of nutrition - photosynthesis where they make their own food using water, minerals from the soil, carbon dioxide and sunlight, and respiration where they use the food. The main plant organs involved in nutrition are the roots which absorb water and minerals, the stem, and the leaves. Plants can also reproduce through both sexual reproduction which involves male and female organs, and asexual reproduction where offspring are identical copies produced from spores or other plant parts.
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1. Nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals are components of food that help living organisms build their bodies, grow, repair damage, and provide energy for life processes.
2. Plants have two main modes of nutrition - autotrophic nutrition where they can produce their own food through photosynthesis, and heterotrophic nutrition where they obtain food directly or indirectly from other plants.
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This document summarizes the key plant organs and their functions, the two main groups of plants (monocots and dicots), and the three major plant functions of photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration. It describes that roots anchor plants and absorb water and nutrients, while shoots elevate plants and perform photosynthesis, reproduction, and food/water transport. It distinguishes monocots from dicots based on seedling leaves, floral structures, and other traits. It then explains photosynthesis as the process that produces food using sunlight, water and carbon dioxide, respiration as using food for energy through oxygen and producing carbon dioxide, and transpiration as how plants lose water primarily through leaf stomata.
Plant kingdom
Plants produce flowers that contain reproductive organs. The flower's petals attract insects to transfer pollen from the stamen to the stigma, allowing seeds to develop in the ovary. Photosynthesis allows plants to produce their own food, requiring water, minerals, carbon dioxide, light, and sunlight. Through pollination and seed production in fruits, new plants can grow from seeds that fall to the ground. Plants are classified based on their reproductive structures and methods, such as seed-bearing flowering plants versus spore-bearing non-flowering plants like mosses and ferns.
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Spain transitioned from a monarchy to a republic from 1902 to 1936. In 1923, General Primo de Rivera led a military coup and established a dictatorship, closing parliament and suspending elections. Republicans won elections in 1931 and established reforms, angering conservatives who supported a military coup in 1936 starting the civil war. General Franco ended democracy in 1936, establishing a dictatorship that lasted until 1975. After Franco died, Spain transitioned to democracy, establishing a constitution in 1978 that made Spain a parliamentary monarchy guaranteeing citizens' rights.
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