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1. UNIT 1. THE ORGANISATION OF LIVING THINGS
5 primary / Natural Science
Pedro Antonio López Hernández

2. THE CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS
Nutrition Interaction Reproduction
The role of nutrition is to transform food
into nutrients and get energy from them.
Plants Animals
Oak leaves capture
sunlight to make
their own food.
Animals eat other
living things.
It is the ability to sense changes in the
environment and inside the body.
Plants Animals
Palm trees grow
towards the sunlight
The cat is
frightened when it
perceives a threat
and cower.
Reproduction enables living things
to produce offspring similar to
themselves.
Plants Animals
This plant
reproduces
through its flower
Baby animals
are new
organisms
that resemble
their parents

3. THE SIZE OF LIVING THINGS
Macroscopic
things
Microscopic
things or
microorganisms
They are living things that we
can see with the naked eye
They are living things that are so small that we can´t
observe them even with a magnifying glass.
To look at these living things we need an instrument
called a microscope.

4. THE CELL
It is the smallest unit of life. It is a living thing because it performs the three vital functions: nutrition, interaction and reproduction.
Animal cell
Plant cell
1. Cytoplasm is inside the
cell. It is a viscous liquid
where the organelles float in.
2. The nucleus contains the
material necessary to reproduce
the cell and to assign the activities
of the cell
3. The cell membrane is
the outer shell of the cell
and takes part in the
interaction function.
4. The organelles perform
various cell functions, such as
manufacturing chemicals
and obtaining energy.
2. The cell wall is a rigid
structure that surrounds the
cell membrane and protects
the cell.
1. In both animals and plant cells,
the nucleus is separated from the
cytoplasm by a membrane.
3. Chloroplasts are
green organelles that
capture light and
produce nutrients.

5. UNICELLULAR AND MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS
UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS
MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS
Living things that are composed of a single cell. Their single cell
performs all the functions needed to live.
Living things that are composed of two or more
cells. In these groups, cells are grouped to form
different levels of organisation.
The end result is an organism.
1. Cells. The first level of
organisation are the cells.
2. Tissue. A set of one type of
cells which perform the same
function group together to
form tissue,
3. Organs. The grouping
together of a set of tissues
which perform the same
function is called an organ.
4. System. Several organs that
perform a function together
form a system, such as the
digestive system.
Muscle cell
Muscle
tissue
Stomach
Digestive
system

6. TYPES OF CELLS
Cells from different parts of our bodies look different. They have different shapes according to their different functions.
Muscle
cells
Epithelial
cells
Nerve cells
They are elongated. These
cells and the tissues that they
form, expand and contract.
This allows muscles to move.
These flat cells line certain
areas of the body such as the
skin.
They insulate the body and
protect it.
They are star-shaped with
long extensions or arm.
These cells establish
connections and then transmit
information to all parts of the
body.

7. HOW THE BODY WORKS
Human beings are multicellular living things. To perform our vital functions our organ systems need to work together.
Human beings and nutrition To perform the function of nutrition various systems work together.
This system
converts
food into
simpler
substance
s that our
body can
use.
This system
takes the
oxygen
we need
from the
air and
expels
carbon
dioxide.
This system
carries
blood with
oxygen and
nutrients all
over the
body and
collects
waste
substances
and carbon
dioxide.
This system
cleans the
blood of
waste
products.

8. Human beings and health Human beings and reproduction
The organ systems in our body sometimes get ill. It is important to
follow a healthy lifestyle to protect our bodies from illness:
1. Eat a
balanced diet.
2. Do enough
physical
exercise.
3. Have good
hygiene habits
4. Have a good
posture.
5. Spend time
with family and
friends.
Human are viviparous, which means that we are born from our
mother´s womb.

9. Human beings and interaction
Interaction enables us to collect information form our surroundings and respond to it. The following organs and systems
are involved in interaction.
1. Sense organs such as
the eyes, ears and skin,
capture information
from our surroundings.
2. The nervous system
gathers the information
from the sense organs
and prepares an
appropriate order .
3. The musculoskeletal system receives an
order from the nervous system and
responds with movement.