This PPT contains Memory from Unit 3 Cognitive Process of the subject Psychology for F.Y.B.Sc. Nursing.
Memory is a cognitive process that involves the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information over time. It enables us to retain and recall past experiences, learning, and knowledge. Memory plays a fundamental role in learning, decision-making, problem-solving, and shaping our identity and interactions with the world.
In psychology, memory is a complex and multifaceted cognitive process that involves the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information over time. It is a fundamental aspect of human cognition and plays a crucial role in learning, decision-making, problem-solving, and overall functioning in daily life. Memory allows individuals to retain and recall past experiences, facts, skills, and knowledge.
This PPT contains topic Learning from Unit 3 Cognitive Process of the subject Psychology for F.Y.B.SC.Nursing.
Learning, as a cognitive process, involves acquiring knowledge, skills, understanding, and behaviors through experience, study, practice, or teaching. It's a fundamental aspect of human cognition, enabling individuals to adapt, solve problems, make decisions, and improve their performance in various domains of life. Cognitive processes play a critical role in how we perceive, encode, store, and retrieve information during the learning process.
This PPT contains Perception from Unit 3 Cognitive Process of the subject Psychology for F.Y.B.Sc. Nursing.
Perception is a fundamental cognitive process that involves interpreting and making sense of sensory information received from the environment. It's how we organize and interpret what we see, hear, feel, taste, and smell, allowing us to create a meaningful understanding of the world around us. Perception plays a crucial role in shaping our thoughts, behaviors, and interactions with the external world.
This PPT contains topic Learning from Unit 3 Cognitive Process of the subject Psychology for F.Y.B.SC.Nursing.
Learning, as a cognitive process, involves acquiring knowledge, skills, understanding, and behaviors through experience, study, practice, or teaching. It's a fundamental aspect of human cognition, enabling individuals to adapt, solve problems, make decisions, and improve their performance in various domains of life. Cognitive processes play a critical role in how we perceive, encode, store, and retrieve information during the learning process.
This PPT contains Perception from Unit 3 Cognitive Process of the subject Psychology for F.Y.B.Sc. Nursing.
Perception is a fundamental cognitive process that involves interpreting and making sense of sensory information received from the environment. It's how we organize and interpret what we see, hear, feel, taste, and smell, allowing us to create a meaningful understanding of the world around us. Perception plays a crucial role in shaping our thoughts, behaviors, and interactions with the external world.
Points:
1. Introduction and meaning of Cognitive Processes
2. Attention(Meaning and Definition)
3. Aspects of Attention
4. Perception(Meaning and Definition)
5. Phenomena Associated with Perception
6. Thinking( Definition and Core Elements of Thinking)
7. Types of Thinking
8. Learning (Meaning and Definition)
9. Processes of Learning
a. Learning by Classical Conditioning
b. Learning by Operant Conditioning
c. Learning by Assimilation and Accommodation
d. Learning by Observation
10. Conclusion
forgetfulness is very common these days. the causes can be either organic or psychological. there are numerous psychological theories behind it. The presentation will also stress upon the types of forgetting. As a remedial measure their are manyy ways by which memory power can be boosed up.
This PPT contains Unit 2 Biology of behaviour for F.Y.B.Sc. Nursing students. The biology of behavior, also known as behavioral neuroscience or psychobiology, explores the relationship between biological processes and behavior. It delves into how the brain, nervous system, and other physiological factors influence behavior, emotions, thoughts, and actions. Understanding this relationship helps us comprehend various aspects of human and animal behavior.
The presentation is prepared according to the syllabus of INC for the Basic BSc nursing. presentation is a brief information for the students so for better knowledge please refer the books.
Memory, Its Components, Its Types, Seven Sins of Memory, Strategies to Improv...Muhammad Shaheer
Today's topic is Memory, Its Components, How Information Becomes Memory, Its Types; wrt Information Research Perspectives, Seven Sins of Memory, Strategies to Improve Memory, Memory in Plants with examples....
Points:
1. Introduction and meaning of Cognitive Processes
2. Attention(Meaning and Definition)
3. Aspects of Attention
4. Perception(Meaning and Definition)
5. Phenomena Associated with Perception
6. Thinking( Definition and Core Elements of Thinking)
7. Types of Thinking
8. Learning (Meaning and Definition)
9. Processes of Learning
a. Learning by Classical Conditioning
b. Learning by Operant Conditioning
c. Learning by Assimilation and Accommodation
d. Learning by Observation
10. Conclusion
forgetfulness is very common these days. the causes can be either organic or psychological. there are numerous psychological theories behind it. The presentation will also stress upon the types of forgetting. As a remedial measure their are manyy ways by which memory power can be boosed up.
This PPT contains Unit 2 Biology of behaviour for F.Y.B.Sc. Nursing students. The biology of behavior, also known as behavioral neuroscience or psychobiology, explores the relationship between biological processes and behavior. It delves into how the brain, nervous system, and other physiological factors influence behavior, emotions, thoughts, and actions. Understanding this relationship helps us comprehend various aspects of human and animal behavior.
The presentation is prepared according to the syllabus of INC for the Basic BSc nursing. presentation is a brief information for the students so for better knowledge please refer the books.
Memory, Its Components, Its Types, Seven Sins of Memory, Strategies to Improv...Muhammad Shaheer
Today's topic is Memory, Its Components, How Information Becomes Memory, Its Types; wrt Information Research Perspectives, Seven Sins of Memory, Strategies to Improve Memory, Memory in Plants with examples....
The purpose of this study was to analyze cognitive memory models in humans. This
research uses literature study method. The results and conclusions obtained from this study
are that memory is a complex and varied phenomenon, with memory it will make an
individual’s life feel sustainable, which means humans can relate what happened in the past
with the conditions experienced now. Memory has several stages, namely encoding, storage,
and recall. With music therapy in post-traumatic amnesia patients the abilities that a person
has and do not require conscious processing. The way implicit memory works is by recalling information related to an event or an object that affects actions and thoughts that are carried
out unconsciously. Memory itself has several types of models such as sensory memory, shortterm memory, long-term memory, implicit memory, explicit memory, and flashbulb memory.
With learning about various memory models, it is hoped that individuals will understand more and increase knowledge about memory and remembering.
Human memory, like memory in a computer, allows us to store information for later use.It seems that as much as we do remember, we forget even more. Forgetting isn’t really all that bad, and is in actuality, a pretty natural phenomenon. Imagine if you remembered every minute detail of every minute or every hour, of every day during your entire life, no matter how good, bad, or insignificant
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION AND NURSE-PATIENT-RELATIONSHIP.pdfTejal Virola
Therapeutic communication is a technique used by healthcare professionals, particularly in the field of mental health and counseling, to establish a supportive and trusting relationship with clients or patients. Its primary goal is to promote healing, foster understanding, and facilitate positive changes in a person's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Effective therapeutic communication is essential for building rapport, encouraging self-expression, and facilitating the healing process.
A therapeutic nurse-patient relationship is a professional relationship established between a nurse and a patient with the aim of promoting the patient's well-being, health, and healing. This relationship is built on trust, respect, communication, empathy, and collaboration to meet the patient's healthcare needs effectively. It's a fundamental aspect of nursing practice, especially in providing holistic and patient-centered care.
this ppt contains therapeutic communication and therapeutic nurse patient relationships which is part of basic B.Sc. and M.Sc. nursing
Mood disorders, also known as affective disorders, are a category of mental health conditions characterized by significant changes in mood that affect a person's daily functioning, emotions, and overall quality of life. There are several types of mood disorders, with the most common being depression and bipolar disorder. this ppt contains mood disorders which is useful for the students of Basic B.Sc. Nursing.
Antipsychotics, also known as neuroleptics, are a class of medications primarily used to manage symptoms of psychosis, a mental state characterized by impaired thinking, emotions, and behaviors, often seen in conditions like schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and certain mood disorders. These medications work by modulating neurotransmitters in the brain, particularly dopamine, to alleviate or reduce the severity of symptoms associated with psychosis. this ppt contains information regarding antipsychotics
Psychopharmacology is a field of study that explores the effects of drugs and medications on the human mind, behavior, and emotions. It delves into the interactions between chemicals (pharmacology) and mental processes (psychology). This interdisciplinary science focuses on understanding how various drugs, including prescription medications, affect the brain's neurochemistry and, consequently, influence a person's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. this ppt contains introductory portion of psychopharmacology
The etiology encompasses a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and social elements that influence an individual's susceptibility and experience of mental health disorders. Here's a comprehensive description of the bio-psycho-social factors involved in the etiology of mental disorders
Appropriate for GNM, B.Sc. Nursing, P.B.B.Sc.Nursing & M.Sc. Nursing
Behavior therapy, also known as behavior modification or behavior change therapy, is a psychological approach used in mental health nursing to address and modify maladaptive or undesirable behaviors in individuals dealing with various mental health conditions. The aim is to help patients develop more adaptive and functional behaviors, reduce distress, and improve their overall well-being. Behavior therapy is based on the principles of learning theory, particularly classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and social learning.
Behavior therapy in mental health nursing is often tailored to each patient's unique needs, diagnosis, and circumstances. The approach focuses on collaboration, patient education, reinforcement, and gradual progression to help individuals overcome behavioral challenges and improve their quality of life. Mental health nurses play a crucial role in implementing and facilitating behavior therapy interventions, closely monitoring progress, and providing ongoing support to patients.
This PPT contains Unit 1 of Mental Health Nursing (T.Y.B.Sc.Nursing) & SEMESTER 5 B.Sc. Nursing
The concepts of mental health and mental illness are fundamental to understanding the continuum of psychological well-being and the disorders that can affect an individual's thoughts, emotions, behaviors, and overall functioning. Both concepts are integral to the field of psychology, psychiatry, and mental healthcare, influencing how we perceive and address mental health challenges in individuals and communities.
This contains PPT of Unit 1 of Psychology for F.Y.B.Sc. Nursing students. Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior. It seeks to understand and explain how individuals think, feel, act, and interact with the world around them. The field encompasses a broad range of topics, including perception, cognition, emotion, personality, development, social interactions, mental health, and more. Psychologists use various methods and theories to explore, analyze, and predict human behavior and mental processes.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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Unit 3 Cognitive process / Memory
1.
2. Memory is regarded as a special ability of our
mind to conserve or store what has been
previously learned or experienced to recollect
or reproduce it after sometime.
3. Memory consists in remembering what has
previously been learned.
(Woodworth and Marquis—1948)
The power that we have to ‘store’ our
experiences, and to bring them into the field
of consciousness sometime after experiences
have occurred, is termed memory.
(Ryburn—1956)
4. Memory and remembering carry the same
meaning.While differentiating between
memory and remembering, Levin (1978) says
“Memory can be compared to a giant filing
cabinet in the brain, with data stored,
classified and cross-filed for future reference.
Remembering depends upon how the brain
goes about coding its input”.
6. It helps an individual to recall something a
split second after having perceived it.
In such type of memory retentive time is
extremely brief generally from a fraction of a
second to several seconds.
7. Short-term memory (STM) holds a relatively
small amount of information, about seven
items, for a short period of (20–30 seconds)
time though not nearly as short-lived as the
immediate memory.
8. Long-term memory (LTM) has the unlimited
capacity to store information for days,
months, years and even a lifetime.
LTM codes information according to
meaning, pattern and other characteristics.
With the help of LTM we can store, retain and
remember most of the things in our life, at
record notice and thus make things quite
easy.
13. ExtrinsicFactors
• Meaningfulness of
material
• Amount of material
• Time required to
vocalize responses
• Distraction IntrinsicFactors
• Age
• Maturity
• Will to learn
• Interest & attention
• Intelligence
• Rest & Sleep
• Medical Conditions
• High blood pressure
• Hypothyroidism
• BrainTumour
• Alzheimer's disease
• ADD & ADHD
16. Theories of memory provide abstract
representations of how memory is believed
to work. Below are the theories proposed
over the years by various psychologists
17. Theory of General Memory
Functions
Information Processing
Theory
Levels of Processing theory
18. Encoding is the process of receiving sensory
input and transforming it into a code, which
can be stored.
Storage is a process of actually putting coded
information into memory.
Retrieval is the process of gaining access to
stored coded information when it is needed.
19. Information processing theory was developed
by RichardAtkinson and Richard Shiffrin
(1968).According to this theory memory
starts with a memory input from the
environment.
This input is held for a very brief time –
several seconds at most in a sensory register
associated with the sensory channels (vision,
theory, touch and so forth).
20. Information that is attended to and
recognized in the sensory register may be
passed on to STM, where it is held for 20 to 30
seconds
Some of the information reaching STM is
processed by being rehearsed, i.e. by having
attention focused on it, perhaps by being
repeated over and over or being processed in
some other way that will link it up with other
information already stored in the memory.
21. Information that is rehearsed by then is
passed along to LTM. Information not so
processed is lost.
The information, which is placed in LTM will
be organized into categories, where they may
reside for days, months, years or for a life
time.When we remember something, a
representation of the item is withdrawn or
retrieved from LTM.
22. Craik and Lockhart (1972) proposed that
memory occurs on a continuum from shallow to
deep, with no limit on the number of different
levels.
The shallow or superficial levels store
information about identity of phenomena,
including numerous attributes.These may be
associated with a word or an image.The shallow
levels involve analysis in terms of physical or
sensory characteristics, such as brightness or
pitch
23. The intermediate level of memory relates to
recognition and labeling.
The deep level is the storage of meaning and
networks of association. Deeper processing
results in more elaborate, long lasting and
stronger memory traces.When the learner
analyzes for meaning he may think of other,
related associations, images and past
experiences related to the stimulus
24. Factors which influence the depth of
perceptual processing include the amount of
attention devoted to the stimulus, its
compatibility with existing memory
structures in the learner's brain, and the
amount of processing time available. In
addition, the “self-reference effect”, in which
new information is related to the learner
himself, takes learning to deeper levels and
therefore promotes LTM
25. Mnemonics
Acrostic
Acronym
Funnel Approach
Pulling at allTogether
Utilizing as many Senses as Possible
Recitation
Grouping & Rhythm
Making use of the principle of Association
Repetition & Practice
Space & unspaced method
Whole & Part Method
26. Mnemonic link system
• Eg. Dog, envelop, cat, window
Memory peg system
• 1 is bun, 2 is shoe, 3 is a tree....
Method of loci
• Mental walk
Chunking
• Eg. 82 45 19 93
27.
28. Forgetting
means a failure
to recall a fact,
an idea, or a
group of ideas. It
is the weakening
of the bonds that
were formed in
learning.
29. Forgetting is the loss, permanent or
temporary, of the ability to recall or recognize
something learned earlier.
(Munn–1967)
Forgetting means failure at any time to recall
an experience, when attempting to do so or
to perform an action previously learned.
(Drever–1952)
30. Forgetting is just the opposite side of
remembering and essentially a failure in the
ability of reproducing. It is classified as:
1. Natural forgetting and
2. Morbid forgetting (abnormal)
1. General
2. Specific
31. In physical forgetfulness one loses his memory
on account of the factors of age, disease,
biological malfunctioning of the brain and
nervous system, accidents, consumption of
liquor or other intoxicating materials, etc.
In psychological forgetfulness one loses his
memory on account of factors like stress,
anxiety, conflicts, temper provocation, lack of
interest, apathy, repression or similar other
emotional and psychic difficulties.
32. Inadequate repetition or practice of learning material
Poor health and defective mental state
Rise of emotions
Interference of association
Lapse of time
Inadequate impression at the time of learning
33. Fatigue Long illness
Forces of
distraction
Lack of interest &
purpose
Lack of willingness
to learn or recall
Unfavourable
situation of
learning &
reproduction