This document provides an introduction to information technology (IT) and its impact on organizations. It defines key terms like information and data, and describes how IT systems capture, process, exchange, store and present information using electrical and electromagnetic energy. Examples of how IT is used in society and businesses for communication, entertainment, commerce and operations are provided. Career opportunities in IT fields like information security, analytics, networking and software development are also summarized. The document concludes by outlining some advantages of IT for organizations like reduced costs, improved productivity and decision making.

1. Introduction to IT and Its Impact
on Organizations

2. Introduction To Information
Technology
Defining Information
• What is Information?
Information is any knowledge that comes to our attention. That could be
voice, image, text and video
• What is data?
Data is information when dealing with the machine

3. Defining Information Technology
Information Technologies are systems of hardware and/or software that
capture, process, exchange, store and/or present information using
electrical, magnetic and/or electromagnetic energy.

4. IT Example: Cellular Telephony

5. IT in Society (people)
• Personal Communication
Conversations (phone, cell)
Messaging (E-mail, SMS)
Video Coms
• Entertainment
Web surfing
Downloading video and audio files
Interactive gaming
• Day-to-Day living
Buying airline ticket
Ordering books
Electronic banking/ stock market

6. IT in Society (business)
• Internal Communication
Computer network
Corporate website
Video teleconferencing
Messaging (SMS, email)
• Electronic Commerce
Call Centers
Electronic transactions
Online sales
• Business operations
Factory operation systems
Databases

7. Examples on IT Careers
• Information Security Jobs
Address information security
• IT Analyst
Translate business requirement into technical specification
• Network Administration
Configure and operate computer network
• Management Consulting
Provide consulting for government and organizations
• Database Administration
Managing corporate database
• Computer Forensics Expert
Extracts computer evidence for detecting/preventing
/prosecuting crimes
• IT Sales
people on frontline to sell products
• Software development
develop software solutions

8. Advantage impact of IT on
Organizations
 Reduces office space
 Decreases number of employees
 Improves job satisfaction
 Increases productivity
 To help decrease the work
 Provides security to Organization
 Manages Date & Time Schedule

9. Behavioural researchers have theorized that information technology facilitates
flattening of hierarchies by broadening the distribution of information to empower
lower-level employees and increase management efficiency.
FLATTENING ORGANIZATIONS
Information systems can
reduce the number of levels in
an organization by providing
managers with information to
supervise larger numbers of
workers and by giving lower-
level employees more
decision-making authority.

10. The Internet and World Wide Web are increasing the accessibility, storage,
and distribution of information and knowledge for organizations,
dramatically lowering transaction and agency costs. Businesses are rapidly
rebuilding some key business processes based on Internet technology.
To deliver genuine benefits, information systems must be built with a clear
understanding of the organization in which they will be used, and
consideration of the firm's environment, structure, culture, politics,
organization and leadership, business processes, as well as the principle
interest groups affected by the system.

11. Unit 1:IT in the Organisations
DIKW Model

12. Key Concepts
• Data
• Information
• Knowledge
• Wisdom
• DIKW Model Pyramid
• Corporate Pyramid
• Information Systems Pyramid
• Decision Making Types Pyramid

13. What is Data
• Data is collection of Raw facts and Figures
• Data can be represented by alphabets,
numbers , special characters, images and
videos
A-Z , a-z , 0-9 , @#$%&*<>>,.”;’
• Taken in isolation “Data “ conveys no meaning
or context

14. Data--Information
• 230975 is Data
• 23/09/75 is Data – It could be anyone’s DOB
• DOB 23/09/76 Suresh – Data – Could be any
Suresh in the world
• DOB 23/09/76 Suresh s/o of Ramesh – Data –
could be any Suresh s/o of Ramesh
• DOB 23/09/76 Suresh s/o Ramesh R/o of …….
is Information now as there is “Context “ to Data

15. Information
• “Processed” Data is “Information”
• There can be multiple processes on data to get
the Information
• Data + Context = Information

16. Information  Knowledge
• 120/80 ,130/90, 140/100 , 150 /110 is Data
• BP I 120/80 ,130/90, 140/100 , 150 /110 is still
Data
• BP I Date I Time I Name I 120/80 ,130/90,
140/100 , 150 /110 is “Information” about Blood
Pressure as context
• BP I Date I Time I Name I 120/80 ,130/90,
140/100 , 150 /110 I Low ,Average ,High – is
Knowledge
• Information + Rules = Knowledge

17. Knowledge Wisdom
• In the previous examples of BP Readings , here
are decision of 3 doctors
• Decision of 1st Doctor on BP Reading –Take
Rest
• Decision of 2nd Doctor on BP Reading –Take
Medicines
• Decision of 3rd Doctor on BP Reading – Get
Hospitalized
• Knowledge + Experience = Wisdom

18. DIKW Model
• Data is considered the new “Oil” but is “useless”
or is like “Crude oil” (What is this liquid ?)
• Insights and Information processed from Data is
“Refined Oil” (Whats to be done to convert to
Diesel/Petrol )
• Where to use the oil is Knowledge (Application of
oil- Automobiles, Aviation, Industry)
• Whether to use the oil , conserve or sell is
Wisdom ( Prediction /Future Forecast-OPEC
Model )

19. DIKW Model

20. Corporate Pyramid mapped to DIKW

21. Information Systems Pyramid mapped
to DIKW/Corp Pyramid

22. DIKW-Information System-Corporate Pyramid
Mapping

23. Decision making Pyramid

24. What is System
• Definition of “System” - A system is a set of
rules, an arrangement of things, or a group of
related things that work towards a common
goal
• System is a general set of parts, steps, or
components that are connected to form a
more complex whole.

25. Five Components of – Information
System (IS)
• Hardware – Physical devices –computers ,
tablets , mobile phones
• Software – Tells the hardware what to do
• Data –Information manipulated by Software
• People –Users , Programmers ,Analysts , IT
Dep't
• Process- steps to accomplish a goal
• Telecommunications /Networking

26. Information Systems

28. Trends in Information Systems

29. What is MIS
• Management
• Information
• System