Lord Acton's quote that "power corrupts; absolute power corrupts absolutely" is examined. Louis XIV of France established an absolute monarchy in the 17th century by concentrating power in his own hands. He removed nobles from government, centralized administration at his royal court in Versailles, pursued policies of religious unity and increased taxes through his finance minister Colbert to raise funds and power for France.

1. Power corrupts; absolute power corrupts absolutely -Lord Acton 1887 Do you agree or disagree with this quote? Why?

2. 7.3A RESPONSE TO CRISIS & ABSOLUTISM

3. Absolutism- ruler holds TOTAL power Tied to “divine right of kings” Ability to make laws, levy taxes, admin. justice, for. policy Reign of Louis XIV ex: Absolutism 17 th Cent. His court- imitated throughout EU Both Louis XIII & XIV- boys when crowned Gov’t controlled by royal ministers (regents?) Cardinal Richelieu – Louis XIII’s chief min. Strengthened- power of monarchy Set up- spies network To uncover plots by noble Crushed- conspiracies & executed conspirators

4. Louis Comes to Power 1643- Louis XIV crowned Age of 4 Car. Mazarin chief minister Revolt led nobles broke out Results revolt was crushed FR ppl wanted stability and wanted strong monarchy 1661 Mazarin dies Louis XIV- takes over power at age 23 Est. strict routine Known as Sun King (source of light for all FR) Controlled policy making in gov’t Royal Court @ Versailles 3 Purposes 1 his personal home 2 chief offices located here (he could keep an eye on them) 3 powerful subjects came to find favor with Louis

5. Biggest threat was high nobles & royal princes Removed them from royal council Council admin. body of king Supervised gov’t @ court keep them busy & out of politics Absol. Power over for. policy, Church, taxes Power limited @ local level Trad. groups nobles, local officials & town councils More control over day-to-day operations King would bribed ppl to carry out policies

6. Religious harmony part of monarchy power Pursued anit-Prot. policy Aimed @ converting Huguenots to Catholicism 200,000 Hug. fled to England Jean-Baptiste Colbert- controller-general of finances Sought increase $ & power of FR By following Mercantilism Decrease imports Increase exports Built roads & canals to improve communication & trade Raised tarrifs on foreign goods Created a merchant marine to carry goods Dev. Standing army for times of war # around 400,000 1667-1713 Louis waged 4 wars 1715- Louis XIV dies Left FR w/ great debt & lots of enemies

7. MTV CRIBS - VERSAILLES http://cheninger.edublogs.org/projects/

8. 7.3A Review What is absolutism? What steps did Louis XIV take to maintain absolute power?

9. 7.3B Absolutism in Central & Eastern EUROPE

10. After 30 Years War 300 “Germanies” Prussia & Austria emerged EU powers Prussia, Fred Wm the Elector laid foundation for Prussian state Realizing no natural barriers Built large standing army Force of 40,000 (4 th largest) Set up General War Commissariat To levy taxes oversee growth Junkers – Prussian landed wealthy (off. in army) Son became official king in 1701

11. New Austrian Empire incl. present-day Austria, Czech Rep., & Hungary After defeat of Turks 1687 controlled HUN, TRAN, CRO, & SLA By 18 th C AUS Haps. gained new empire AUS monarchy never had completed control Remained a collection of territories Held together by Haps. emperor Each area had own laws & pol. No common feeling tied them together

12. Russia under peter the great 15 th C new RUS state emerged 16 th C Ivan IV became czar (Caesar) Expanded eastward Crushed power of nobility (boyars) Known Ivan the Terrible B/c stabbing his own son 1598 dynasty came to an end 1613 Michael Romanov new czar Romanov dynasty lasted until 1917

13. Peter the Great – famous members of Rom. Dy. 1689 became czar Determined to westernize Borrow EU tech. for mil. 1 st goal reorganize army Formed 1 st Russian navy Created police state Few bureaucrats shared his concept of honest service & duty to the state

14. Began to intro Western customs, practices & manners into Russia Ordered Russian book of etiquette to teach Western manners 1703 created St. Petersburg coast of Baltic Sea His window to the West

15. Pieta Compare and contrast the two pieces of art.

16. 7.4 World of EU Culture Mannerism brought artistic Ren. to end Emerged in ITL 1520s and 1530s Broke down High Ren. Art (balance, harmony & moderation) Proportion deliberately ignored High point in work of El Greco From Crete Depicts mood of religious tensions created by Reformation

17. El Greco

19. Baroque replaced mannerism Adopted by Catholic reformation Tried to combine classical ideals w/ religious ideals Known for drama to produce emotion Gian Lorenzo Bernini ITL arch. & sculptor St. Peter’s Basilica interior Throne of St. Peter

20. Judith beheading Holofernes Artemisia Gentileschi

21. Golden Age of Literature 1580-1640 Wm Shakespeare famous dramatist Elizabethan Era within Queen Liz’s reign 1592 Shakespeare appeared in London The Globe

22. Best known for writing plays Also an actor & shareholder in theater com. Viewed as universal genius Master Eng. language Showed remarkable understanding of human condition

23. Miguel de Cervantes Don Quixote one of the greatest literary works of all time Knight - Quixote Sancho Panza - realist Realize – value the others perspective (need dreams & reality)

24. Political thought Thomas Hobbes Alarmed by revolutionary upheavals in ENG 1651 Leviathan published Made a contract & agreed to form a state Be absol power- to preserve order in society John Locke 1690 Two Treatises of Government Humans had nat’l rights – what you are born with Incl life, liberty, & property Est gov’t to ensure protection of rights Gov’t protects rights of ppl Ppl act reasonable toward gov’t If gov’t broke contract – ppl form a new gov’t

25. Ch. 7 SG Henry of Navarre Philip II James I Charles I Oliver Cromwell Charles II James II Louis XIV Cardinal Richelieu Cardinal Mazarin Jean Baptiste Colbert Ivan IV Peter the Great William Shakespeare Miguel de Cervantes El Greco Gian Lorenzo Bernini Thomas Hobbes John Locke Puritans Huguenots Roundheads Cavaliers 30 Years War Edict of Nantes Glorious Revolution Absolutism Mannerism Baroque Bill of Rights Toleration Act of 1689 Witchcraft Don Quixote Divine Right of Kings Know ALL vocabulary!!!!