This document discusses ionic bonding and the formation of ions. Valence electrons are involved in chemical bonding and reactions. Ionic bonding occurs when a cation donates electrons to an anion, giving the atoms opposite charges and allowing them to be attracted electrostatically. For example, sodium (Na) donates an electron to chlorine (Cl), forming sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) ions. The ions are held together by their opposite charges to form sodium chloride (NaCl), or table salt. When salt dissolves in water, the ions separate and are dispersed evenly throughout the solution.
Chapter 6: Chemical Bonding, Modern Chemistry. This is a working presentation of the notes for this chapter. Meaning that we may or may not cover all of the material here.
Chapter 6: Chemical Bonding, Modern Chemistry. This is a working presentation of the notes for this chapter. Meaning that we may or may not cover all of the material here.
There are several misconceptions about the valence shell of the atom. The key questions that arise in the minds of the learners are:
Is valence shell really the outermost shell?
2. Are there only seven shells in an atom?
3. When shells are supposed to be made up of subshells, why can we not represent the subshells in the valence shell structure of the atom?
4. When electrons are said to occur in orbitals, why can we not indicate the orbitals in the valence shell structure?
4. How can we represent the origins for valance band and conduction band in the atomic structure?
5. What are some good metaphors for the core of the atom and the rest of the atom?
Here is a lesson created by Chemistry teachers to address these misconceptions.
Bonding and structure - ionic compounds, covalent compounds and metals. Relationship between intermolecular forces and physical properties. Allotropes.
This PowerPoint is one small part of the Atoms and Periodic Table of the Elements unit from www.sciencepowerpoint.com. This unit consists of a five part 2000+ slide PowerPoint roadmap, 12 page bundled homework package, modified homework, detailed answer keys, 15 pages of unit notes for students who may require assistance, follow along worksheets, and many review games. The homework and lesson notes chronologically follow the PowerPoint slideshow. The answer keys and unit notes are great for support professionals. The activities and discussion questions in the slideshow are meaningful. The PowerPoint includes built-in instructions, visuals, and review questions. Also included are critical class notes (color coded red), project ideas, video links, and review games. This unit also includes four PowerPoint review games (110+ slides each with Answers), 38+ video links, lab handouts, activity sheets, rubrics, materials list, templates, guides, and much more. Also included is a 190 slide first day of school PowerPoint presentation.
Areas of Focus: -Atoms (Atomic Force Microscopes), Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment, Cathode Tube, Atoms, Fundamental Particles, The Nucleus, Isotopes, AMU, Size of Atoms and Particles, Quarks, Recipe of the Universe, Atomic Theory, Atomic Symbols, #'s, Valence Electrons, Octet Rule, SPONCH Atoms, Molecules, Hydrocarbons (Structure), Alcohols (Structure), Proteins (Structure), Periodic Table of the Elements, Organization of Periodic Table, Transition Metals, Electron Negativity, Non-Metals, Metals, Metalloids, Atomic Bonds, Ionic Bonds, Covalent Bonds, Metallic Bonds, Ionization, and much more.
This unit aligns with the Next Generation Science Standards and with Common Core Standards for ELA and Literacy for Science and Technical Subjects. See preview for more information
If you have any questions please feel free to contact me. Thanks again and best wishes. Sincerely, Ryan Murphy M.Ed www.sciencepowerpoint@gmail.com
Teaching Duration = 4+ Weeks
We will be going over information for Exam 2. Talking a lot about naming of compounds and learning electron domain geometries with molecular geometries.
A chemical bond is a lasting attraction between atoms, ions or molecules that enables the formation of chemical compounds. The bond may result from the electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions as in ionic bonds or through the sharing of electrons as in covalent bond
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2. Valence Electrons Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost s and p-orbitals that can be involved in chemical reactions. 1s orbital is not involved
3. Valence Electrons Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost s and p-orbitals that can be involved in chemical reactions. 1s orbital is not involved Outer octet of 2s and 2p orbitals are involved
6. Ions Ionic Bonding occurs when a cation gives electrons to an anion and the atoms become attracted to each other due to the opposite charges.
7. Ionic Bonds : · Na · Cl : : Sodium has one valence electron it wants to lose Chlorine has 7 valence electrons, so it wants to gain one more to make it to eight.
8. Ionic Bonds : · Na · Cl : : The Sodium atom donates it’s one valence electron to Chlorine.
9. Ionic Bonds : Na+1 · Cl-1 : · : This means Na has the electron configuration of the noble gas before it, which is Neon Sodium’s electron configuration is now written as [Ne]+
10. Ionic Bonds : Na+1 · Cl-1 : · : Chlorine now has the electron configuration of the noble gas after it, which is Argon. Chlorine’s electron configuration is now written as [Ar]-
11. Ionic Bonds : Na Cl : : : Sodium and Chloride are now ionically bonded to form a new compound known as sodium chloride (NaCl). This is known to most of us as Table Salt.
12. Ionic Bonds -1 : Cl : : : Now each sodium is positively charged and each chlorine is negatively charged. They are attached because opposite charges attract electrostatically. However, together they balance each other out. +1 Na
13. Ionic Bonds -1 : : -1 Cl Cl : : : : : : But, the positive charge, does attract other negatively charged molecules, such as other chlorine ions The same holds true for negatively charged chlorine ions attracting other positive ones +1 +1 Na Na
14. Ionic Bonds -1 -1 : : : Cl Cl Cl : : : : : : : : : Soon, they all begin to line up +1 +1 +1 Na Na Na
15. Ionic Bonds -1 -1 -1 -1 : : : : Cl Cl Cl Cl : : : : : : : : : : : : Soon, they all begin to line up This then forms crystals of salt +1 +1 +1 +1 Na Na Na Na
16. Ionic Bonds -1 -1 -1 -1 : : : : Cl Cl Cl Cl : : : : : : : : : : : : Soon, they all begin to line up This then forms crystals of salt +1 +1 +1 +1 Na Na Na Na
17. Ionic Bonds Bonding that involves a transfer of electrons. Positively and negatively charged atoms (ions) result from this transfer The resulting positive and negative charged atoms are “attracted” to each because of their opposite charges. Na+Cl-
18. Solvents and Solutions Because ionic molecules have positive and negative atoms, they can be pulled apart by other substance with positive and negative charges.
19. Solvents and Solutions One example is dissolving salt into water Water molecules have positive ends near the hydrogens and negative ends near the oxygen.
20. Solutions Since all of the ions are evenly dispersed and dissolved in the water, it makes a solution of salt water. This solution is transparent.
21. Reforming Crystals When the water evaporates, the positive Na ions and the negative Cl ions come back together again!
22. So, Who Makes Ions Anyways? It all depends on how many valence electrons they have and what they need to get to noble gas configuration. Secret Question #1: How many valence electrons does Aluminum have?
23. So, Who Makes Ions Anyways? It all depends on how many valence electrons they have and what they need to get to noble gas configuration. Secret Question #1: How many valence electrons does Aluminum have? Answer: 3 Secret Question #2: What ionic charge will it have to become noble gas configuration?
24. So, Who Makes Ions Anyways? It all depends on how many valence electrons they have and what they need to get to noble gas configuration. Secret Question #1: How many valence electrons does Aluminum have? Answer: 3 Secret Question #2: What ionic charge will it have to become noble gas configuration? Answer: Al-3
32. Noble Gas Family Do not have ions, because they already have full orbitals
33. Transition Metals A variety of positive ions from +1 to +7 Why and how is beyond the scope of this course
34. Polyatomic Ion Polyatomic ions are ions that have multiple atoms attached to each other, but as a unit have a net charge. Sulfate (SO4-2) is an example.
