The document discusses understanding disabilities. It defines disability and provides characteristics and causes of disabilities. It also describes various types of disabilities like visual, hearing, speech, motor, and psychological or mental disorders. For each disability type, it provides details on the meaning, causes and examples. The types of disabilities discussed in detail are visual, hearing, speech, motor, mental retardation and cerebral palsy.

1. UNDERSTANDING THE
DISABILITY
NAME : LEKSHMI.V
2 ND YEAR B.Ed(ENGLISH)
COLLEGE : KEINS B.Ed FOR WOMEN,
VALLIOOR.
TCP PRESENTO 2020, THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS, MADURAI.

2. INTRODUCTION
•In this topic meaning and definition of
disability,general charecteristics of
disabilities,general causes for
disabilities, different types of disabilities
viz.visual disability,hearing
disability,speech disability,motor
disability,psychological or mental
disorders are taken up for detailed
discussion.
TCP PRESENTO 2020, THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS, MADURAI.

3. MEANING OF DISABILITY
A disability is any condition
that makes it more difficult
for a person to do certain
activities or interact with the
world around them. These
conditions, or impairments,
may be cognitive,
developmental, intellectual,
mental, physical, sensory, or
TCP PRESENTO 2020, THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS, MADURAI.

4. DEFINITION OF DISABILITY
Disabilities is an umbrella term,
covering impairments, activity
limitations, and participation
restrictions. An impairment is a
problem in body function or
structure.
-WHO
TCP PRESENTO 2020, THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS, MADURAI.

5. CHARACTERISTICS OF DISABILITIES
A DISABILITY MAY BE,
 DUE TO LOSS OR ABNORMALITY OF PHISICAL ORGANS
 IMPAIRMENT OF ORGANS OF THE BODY
 DUE TO GENETIC DISORDERS,DEVELOPMENTAL DEFECTS,ACCIDENTS OR DISEASES
 DUE TO THE LIMITATIONS OF ONE’S FUNCTIONING ARISING FROM IMPAIRMENTS.
 DUE TO THE INABILITY TO UNDERTAKE ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIFE ,
 REHABILITATION COULD BE PROVIDED TO THE DISABLED BY OFFERING PROPER
EDUCATIONAL CLIMATE AND EXERCISE,
 WITHOUT MOTIVATION AND EXERCISE ,DEGREE OF DISABILITY IS LIKELY TO INCREASE.
TCP PRESENTO 2020, THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS, MADURAI.

6. CAUSES OF DISABILITIES
SEVERE MALNUTRITION GENETIC DISORDER DISEASES
DRUG CONSUMED DURING PREGNANCY
SEVERE ACCIDENT
TCP PRESENTO 2020, THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS, MADURAI.

7. TYPES OF DISABILITIES
Types of
disabilitie
s
VISUAL
DISABILITY
HEARING
DISABILITY
SPEECH
DISABILITY
MOTOR
DISABILITY
MENTAL
RETARDATION
MENTAL
DISORDER
TCP PRESENTO 2020, THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS, MADURAI.

8. VISUAL DISABILITY
Visual impairment (vision
impairment, vision disability)
is defined as a decreased
ability to see to a degree
that causes problems not
fixable by usual means, such
as glasses or
medication. Visual
impairment can be due to
disease, trauma, or
congenital or degenerative
conditions TCP PRESENTO 2020, THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS, MADURAI.

9. TYPES OF VISUAL DISABILITY
PARTIALLY BLIND
TOTALLY BLIND
TCP PRESENTO 2020, THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS, MADURAI.

10. HEARING DISABILITY
• Total or significant loss of hearing.
• Deafness is usually the result of inner
ear or nerve damage. It may be
caused by a congenital defect, injury,
disease, certain medication, exposure
to loud noise or age-related wear and
tear.
• The chief symptom is an inability to
hear sound.
• For some, hearing may be possible
with surgery or a hearing device. Lip-
reading skills, written or printed text
and sign language may help with
communication.
TCP PRESENTO 2020, THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS, MADURAI.

11. CAUSES OF HEARING DISABILITY
 VIRAL INFECTION
 LOUD NOISE
 GENETIC DISORDERS
 SEVERE ACCIDENT
 AFTER THE AGE OF 40
 CEREBRAL STROKE
 ACOUSTIC NEUROMO
 MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
 MALFORMATION OF THE EAR
TCP PRESENTO 2020, THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS, MADURAI.

12. SPEECH DISABILITY
Speech disorders or speech impediments are a type of
communication disorder where 'normal' speech is disrupted. This can
mean stuttering, lisps, etc. Someone who is unable to speak due to
a speech disorder is considered mute.
TCP PRESENTO 2020, THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS, MADURAI.

13. classification of speech
disorder
• Other speech disorders,
dumbness
Producing defective speech
lisping
dysarthriaapraxia
TCP PRESENTO 2020, THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS, MADURAI.

14. Vocal
card
damage
Respiratory
weakness
Brain
damage
Muscles
weakness
Causes of speech disability
TCP PRESENTO 2020, THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS, MADURAI.

15. MOTOR DISABILITY
•Motor impairment. Motor
impairment is the partial
or total loss of function of
a body part, usually a limb
or limbs. This may result
in muscle weakness, poor
stamina, lack of muscle
control, or total paralysis.
TCP PRESENTO 2020, THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS, MADURAI.

16. TYPES OF MOTOR DISABILITIES (LIMB
MOVEMENT)
Paraplegia
Quadraplegia
Hemiplegia
TCP PRESENTO 2020, THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS, MADURAI.

17. MENTAL DISORDER
Mental illness, also called mental health
disorders, refers to a wide range
of mental health conditions —
disorders that affect your mood, thinking
and behavior. Examples of mental
illness include depression,
anxiety disorders, schizophrenia,
eating disorders and addictive behaviors.
TCP PRESENTO 2020, THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS, MADURAI.

18. CAUSES OF MENTAL DISORDER
• ARRESTED DEVELOPMENT
• DISTORTEDDEVELOPMENT
• SPECIAL VULNERABILITY
PREDISPOSING
CAUSES
• BIOLOGICAL STRESSES
• PSYCHOLOGICAL
STRESSES
• SOCIO-CULTURAL
STRESSES
PRECIPITATING
CAUSES
TCP PRESENTO 2020, THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS, MADURAI.

19. MENTAL RETARDATION
Mental retardation is a
developmental disability that first
appears in children under the age
of 18. It is defined as an
intellectual functioning level (as
measured by standard tests for
intelligence quotient) that is well
below average and significant
limitations in daily living skills
(adaptive functioning).
TCP PRESENTO 2020, THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS, MADURAI.

20. IDENTIFYING THE MENTALLY RETARDED CHILDREN
TCP PRESENTO 2020, THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS, MADURAI.

21. CATEGORIES OF THE MENTALLY RETARDED
Morons: The morons or the educable
retarded have I.Q ranging from
50 to 70
IMBECILES: THE IMBECILES OR THE
TRAINABLE RETARDED ARE
THOSE WITH
I.Q .RANGING FROM 25 TO 50IDIOTS: THE IDIOTS OR THE UNTRAINABLE
RETARDED ARE THOSE HAVING I.Q.
BELOW 25
TCP PRESENTO 2020, THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS, MADURAI.

22. CEREBRAL PALSY
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a
group of permanent
movement disorders that
appear in early childhood.
Signs and symptoms vary
among people and over
time. Often, symptoms
include poor coordination,
stiff muscles, weak muscles,
and tremors. There may be
problems with sensation,
vision, hearing, swallowing,
and speaking.
TCP PRESENTO 2020, THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS, MADURAI.

23. CAUSES FOR CEREBRAL PALSY
CHILD ABUSE
BLEEDING INTO THE BRAIN
JAUNDICELACK OF OXYGENHEAD INJURYLACK OF MUSCLE COORDINATION
TCP PRESENTO 2020, THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS, MADURAI.

24. SUMMARISATION
• IN THIS TOPIC MEANING AND DEFINITION OF DISABILITY ,GENERAL
CHARACTERSTICS OF DISABILITIES ,GENERAL CAUSES FOR
DISABILITIES,DIFFERENT TYPES OF DISABILITIES VIZ.VISUAL
DISABILITY,HEARING DISABILITY,SPEECH DISABILITY,MOTOR
DISABILITY,PSYCHOLOGICAL OR MENTAL DISORDERS,MENTAL
RETARDATION AND CEREBRAL PALSYAND THEIR CAUSES AND
CHARACTERISTICS WERE DISCUSSED IN DETAILED.
TCP PRESENTO 2020, THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS, MADURAI.

25. REFERENCES
• BOOKS:
1. CREATING AN INCLUSIVE SCHOOL –PROF .K.NAGARAJAN
2. CREATIVE AN INCLUSIVE SCHOOL-TNTEU STUDY MATERIAL
WEBSITES:
 www.who.int
 www.disabled-world.com
 www.neuromodulation.com
 www.google.co.in
 En.Wikipedia
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
THIS THESIS IS WRITTEN IN MY POINT OF VIEW,WITH NO IMPLICATIONS TO
PLAGIARISM
THANK YOU
TCP PRESENTO 2020, THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS, MADURAI.