The Great Chicago Fire spread rapidly due to several factors:
1) Daniel Sullivan first noticed flames in the O'Leary barn around 8:30 pm on October 8.
2) A problem with the alarm box prevented people from calling the fire department.
3) By 9:30 pm the entire block was ablaze, and within 3 hours fires had spread across Chicago. Heavy winds from Lake Michigan fanned the flames.
Reflexive and intensive pronouns are kind of like twins. They look the same, but they are actually different. So, what's the difference between these two pronouns?
Understanding text structures is an important reading skill because it aids comprehension of informational texts. Get middle school students started the process of understanding and analyzing Text Structures and Organizations with this engaging PowerPoint presentation. Presentation addresses the five most common structures: : description, chronological, cause/effect, compare/contrast, and problem/solution. Examples and teacher instructions are included. Aligned to Common Core ELA-Literacy Standards: RI.6.1, 7.1, 8.1; 5.11C; 6.10C; 7.10C; 8.10C.
Good writing is rewriting, rewriting, and rewriting so don't be discouraged that your essay needs editing. Every writer from a professional to the high school student goes through the revising process so that they can write a complete, grammatically correct, and relevant piece of writing. Look at the following questions about each element of your essay and answer them truthfully.
This presentation shows readers how to find the theme of a text. For a study guide for students, and stories and activities for finding themes, purchase my Teaching About Theme unit on TeachersPayTeachers:
http://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Teaching-About-Theme-342213
By Emily Kissner. This presentation guides teachers through the process of teaching text structure. Great for professional development sessions, content area teachers, and new teachers.
This presentation introduces young readers to several important text structures. Through examples, pictures, and practice, students will learn how to identify and use the text structures of sequence, description, compare and contrast, cause and effect, and problem and solution.
For a study guide and ready-to-use classroom texts, purchase my unit at http://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Introduction-to-Text-Structure-451417
Reflexive and intensive pronouns are kind of like twins. They look the same, but they are actually different. So, what's the difference between these two pronouns?
Understanding text structures is an important reading skill because it aids comprehension of informational texts. Get middle school students started the process of understanding and analyzing Text Structures and Organizations with this engaging PowerPoint presentation. Presentation addresses the five most common structures: : description, chronological, cause/effect, compare/contrast, and problem/solution. Examples and teacher instructions are included. Aligned to Common Core ELA-Literacy Standards: RI.6.1, 7.1, 8.1; 5.11C; 6.10C; 7.10C; 8.10C.
Good writing is rewriting, rewriting, and rewriting so don't be discouraged that your essay needs editing. Every writer from a professional to the high school student goes through the revising process so that they can write a complete, grammatically correct, and relevant piece of writing. Look at the following questions about each element of your essay and answer them truthfully.
This presentation shows readers how to find the theme of a text. For a study guide for students, and stories and activities for finding themes, purchase my Teaching About Theme unit on TeachersPayTeachers:
http://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Teaching-About-Theme-342213
By Emily Kissner. This presentation guides teachers through the process of teaching text structure. Great for professional development sessions, content area teachers, and new teachers.
This presentation introduces young readers to several important text structures. Through examples, pictures, and practice, students will learn how to identify and use the text structures of sequence, description, compare and contrast, cause and effect, and problem and solution.
For a study guide and ready-to-use classroom texts, purchase my unit at http://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Introduction-to-Text-Structure-451417
Every educational institution must cater service to the young minds with the promises to carry forward with much vigor and fervor that every child is a best citizen in making. It also must keep in mind its aims and objectives to scale greater heights in providing and nurturing the whole child. With the right mixture of academics and personal care to give a sure footing for a great future.
Scientific Essay Sample. Science research paper sample. Sample Scientific Re...Heather Green
(PDF) An Essay on Scientific Writing. Writing A Scientific Essay – Telegraph. Calaméo - "Science" College Essay Sample by EssaySupply.com. (PDF) Enhancing scientific essay writing using peer assessment.
ENG 130 Literature and Comp ENG 130 Argumentative Resear.docxgidmanmary
ENG 130: Literature and Comp
ENG 130: Argumentative Research Essay
Background:
You have completed research on August Wilson, his life, and his plays.
You have completed reading/viewing Fences by August Wilson.
You have read the resources on Conflict in this unit.
Prompt (what will you be writing about):
Which conflict does Wilson use most to drive (bring forth, move forward) all the other
elements of the story?
Choose ONE that you feel is more apparent and easier to defend than the others.
o Troy vs Society
o Troy vs Himself
o Troy vs Family
o Troy vs Death
Helpful Notes:
Thesis:
o Your thesis is the response to the prompt question plus the supporting areas
that you will be using to defend your argument. Be sure to have a thesis that
clearly states which conflict you feel is the most important and drives the other
conflicts.
o Your thesis could begin with, “In the play, Fences, August Wilson uses the
conflict of __________ to drive the other conflicts and elements of the story as
evidenced by….
Sources and evidence:
o Be sure to use things that you have learned about Wilson’s life and his writings.
For example, if you are analyzing Troy and his father’s conflict, you could bring
in information that you researched about Wilson’s relationship with his own
father.
o Include direct quotations from the play. To cite a direct quote from a play, the
format is:
“quotation” (Wilson,1985, act #, scene #, line #).
OR
As Wilson (1985) writes, “quote” (act#, scene #, line#).
o Use at least three outside sources. Two of them could be from your previous
research essay. Be sure to include all of these in your reference page.
Requirements:
Length and format: 3-4 pages.
The title page and reference page are also required, but they should not be factored
into the 3-4 page length of the essay.
It should also be double spaced, written in Times New Roman, in 12 point font and
with 1 inch margins. Essay should conform to APA formatting and citation style.
Use the third-person, objective voice, avoiding personal pronouns such as “I,” “you,”
“we,” etc.
Use APA format for in-text citations and references when using outside sources and
textual evidence.
Skills to be assessed with this assignment: creating effective thesis statements,
incorporating research, analyzing rhetoric.
Please be cautious about plagiarism. Make sure to use in-text citations for direct
quotes, paraphrases, and new information.
Argumentative Research Essay Rubric
Does Not Meet
Expectations
0-11
Below
Expectations
12-13
Needs
Improvement
14-15
Satisfactory
16-17
Meets
Expectations
18-20
Introduction Introduction is not
present.
Background details
are a random
collection of
information,
unclear, or not
related to the topic.
Introduction is
attempted and
explains the
background, but
may lack detail.
Introdu ...
Yes, the topic may be (and probably is) complex. But that doesn't mean the writing can't be clear, simple, easy to understand, and impossible to misunderstand. And concise. Watson and Crick won a Nobel prize for DNA. Their report was under 900 words. How long is yours?
How can I use specific nouns to enhance my writing? This presentation discusses use of specific nouns for word choice and capitalization of proper nouns.
This presentation introduces point of view in stories. First person and third person are introduced, with review and questions. Suitable for students ages 8-12 or those learning English as a second language.
Find more stories and activities for teaching point of view here:
http://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Exploring-Point-of-View-Stories-and-Activities-1632599
This presentation includes only historical fiction and realistic fiction. Find the full presentation here:
http://www.slideshare.net/elkissn/fiction-genres
Grade 3 text structure assessment teaching guideEmily Kissner
Use this teaching guide for the Grade 3 Text Structure Assessment on Frolyc. You can find the assessment, ready to publish to student iPads, here:
https://www.frolyc.com/acdetails/502/
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2. What is a text structure?
A “structure” is a
building or
framework.
“Text structure”
refers to how a
piece of text is built.
3. What is a text structure?
Builders can use
different kinds of
structures to build
different things.
A skyscraper, for
example, is a different
kind of structure from a
house.
4. What is a text structure?
Writers use
different structures
to build their ideas.
Each text structure
communicates ideas
in a different way
5. Chronological order
Authors use
chronological order
to explain how
things happen in
order
Chronological order is
also called sequence or
time order
Why might an author use
chronological order to
write about this frog?
6. Chronological order
You will know that
you are reading a
text in
chronological order
because you will
see words like first,
next, later, then,
and finally
7. Chronological order
You will often see chronological order in
directions:
Have you ever made macaroni and cheese?
It’s simple! First, boil some water and make
some macaroni. Then, make your cheese
sauce. After the cheese sauce is ready, mix
it with the macaroni. Bake the entire thing
in the oven. Finally, it’s time to eat!
8. Chronological order
Notice the transition words that connect the
events in these directions.
Have you ever made macaroni and cheese?
It’s simple! First, boil some water and make
some macaroni. Then, make your cheese
sauce. After the cheese sauce is ready, mix
it with the macaroni. Bake the entire thing
in the oven. Finally, it’s time to eat!
9. Which paragraph is in
chronological order?
Pennsylvania has many
historic sites. You can visit
Revolutionary war sites,
like Valley Forge. You can
also visit important
locations from the Civil
War, like Gettysburg.
Finally, you can also see the
site of the first oil well in
Titusville. Pennsylvania has
many neat places to visit!
Through the ages,
Pennsylvania has seen
many interesting events.
The state was founded in
1681 by William Penn.
Later, Pennsylvania was the
site of important
Revolutionary War battles.
After that, Pennsylvania
was home to new factories
during the Industrial
Revolution. Today,
Pennsylvania continues to
make history.
10. Which paragraph is in
chronological order?
This is the
paragraph in
chronological
order. Can you
find the clue
words that show
this order?
Through the ages,
Pennsylvania has seen
many interesting events.
The state was founded in
1681 by William Penn.
Later, Pennsylvania was the
site of important
Revolutionary War battles.
After that, Pennsylvania
was home to new factories
during the Industrial
Revolution. Today,
Pennsylvania continues to
make history.
11. Which paragraph is in
chronological order?
This is the
paragraph in
chronological
order. Can you
find the clue
words that show
this order?
Through the ages,
Pennsylvania has seen
many interesting events.
The state was founded in
1681 by William Penn.
Later, Pennsylvania was the
site of important
Revolutionary War battles.
After that, Pennsylvania
was home to new factories
during the Industrial
Revolution. Today,
Pennsylvania continues to
make history.
12. Think about it!
• What is a structure?
• What does chronological order
mean?
• What are some clue words that
show chronological order?
13. Another text structure
• But what if an
author doesn’t
want to show how
something
happened in
sequence?
• The author would
need to use another
text structure!
14. Compare and contrast
Suppose an author wanted to
explain how these two birds are
similar and different.
Chronological order
wouldn’t work---there
is no order of events.
The author would
need to use compare
and contrast.
15. Compare and contrast
The cardinal and the goldfinch
are two common birds. Both are
brightly colored. Both are common
at birdfeeders. But the birds have
some differences. The male
cardinal is a bright red, while the
male goldfinch is yellow. Cardinals
like shrubs and trees, while
goldfinches prefer open meadows.
16. Compare and contrast clue words
When authors use the
text structure of compare
and contrast, they often
use special clue words to
show this text structure.
Can you find the clue
words in the paragraph?
17. Can you find the clue words?
The cardinal and the goldfinch
are two common birds. Both are
brightly colored. Both are common
at birdfeeders. But the birds have
some differences. The male
cardinal is a bright red, while the
male goldfinch is yellow. Cardinals
like shrubs and trees, while
goldfinches prefer open meadows.
18. Here they are!
The cardinal and the goldfinch
are two common birds. Both are
brightly colored. Both are common
at birdfeeders. But the birds have
some differences. The male
cardinal is a bright red, while the
male goldfinch is yellow. Cardinals
like shrubs and trees, while
goldfinches prefer open meadows.
21. Graphic Organizers
• Can you explain the difference
between chronological order and
compare and contrast?
• How can clue words help you as a
reader?
22. Another text structure
Sometimes, a writer wants to explain how
one event leads to another.
This kind of
text structure is
called cause
and effect.
23. Cause and Effect
When authors write paragraphs to
show causes and effects, they use
words like cause, effect, as a result,
consequently, and so.
24. Can you find the clue words?
The night’s snowstorm had many
effects. People were out shoveling
snow from their sidewalks. The power
lines were draped with ice. Snow
plows drove down every street.
Children were the happiest of all. The
unexpected snow caused school to be
cancelled!
25. Can you find the clue words?
The night’s snowstorm had many
effects. People were out shoveling
snow from their sidewalks. The power
lines were draped with ice. Snow
plows drove down every street.
Children were the happiest of all. The
unexpected snow caused school to be
cancelled!
26. More with cause and effect
Baby painted turtles spend all winter in
their nests. They have special chemicals in
their blood that can keep their blood from
freezing. As a result, baby painted turtles
can survive freezing temperatures!
Can you find
the causes and
effects in this
paragraph?
27. More with cause and effect
Baby painted turtles spend all winter in
their nests. They have special chemicals in
their blood that can keep their blood from
freezing. As a result, baby painted turtles
can survive freezing temperatures!
This is the
cause.
28. More with cause and effect
Baby painted turtles spend all winter in
their nests. They have special chemicals in
their blood that can keep their blood from
freezing. As a result, baby painted turtles
can survive freezing temperatures!
This is the
effect.
29. Review
Which text structure tells about how things
are similar and different?
Compare and contrast
How does the text
structure of
compare and
contrast relate to
these pictures of a
frog and a toad?
30. Review
Which text structure explains how things
happen in time order?
Chronological Order
How do these
pictures relate to
chronological
order?
31. Problem and Solution Text Structure
Sometimes, an author
will want to explain a
problem, and then
show one or more
solutions.
This kind of text
structure is called
problem and solution.
32. An example of problem and solution
Heavy rains can cause flooding
in small streams. For weather
forecasters and local authorities,
this flooding can be difficult to
predict. Fortunately, the United
States Geological Survey (USGS)
has more than 7,000 streamgages
that measure water flow. These
streamgages help scientists to
monitor water levels in good and
bad weather.
What is the problem
in this paragraph?
33. An example of problem and solution
Heavy rains can cause flooding
in small streams. For weather
forecasters and local authorities,
this flooding can be difficult to
predict. Fortunately, the United
States Geological Survey (USGS)
has more than 7,000 streamgages
that measure water flow. These
streamgages help scientists to
monitor water levels in good and
bad weather.
34. An example of problem and solution
Heavy rains can cause flooding
in small streams. For weather
forecasters and local authorities,
this flooding can be difficult to
predict. Fortunately, the United
States Geological Survey (USGS)
has more than 7,000 streamgages
that measure water flow. These
streamgages help scientists to
monitor water levels in good and
bad weather.
What is the solution
in this paragraph?
35. An example of problem and solution
Heavy rains can cause flooding
in small streams. For weather
forecasters and local authorities,
this flooding can be difficult to
predict. Fortunately, the United
States Geological Survey (USGS)
has more than 7,000 streamgages
that measure water flow. These
streamgages help scientists to
monitor water levels in good and
bad weather.
36. Problem and Solution
Often, authors will
signal problem and
solution structure with
clue words like
problem and solution.
37. Problem and Solution
Synonyms for
problem include
difficulty, struggle,
uncertainty, worry,
threat, and trouble
Synonyms for solution
include possibility, hope,
bright spot, answer, and
future
38. Can you find the problems and solutions?
What is the
problem?
Brown marmorated stinkbugs have caused
many problems since they were
accidentally introduced to North America.
They damage fruit, bother people, and
harm crops. Scientists are trying to find a
solution. One promising possibility is a
species of wasp that originally comes from
Asia. This wasp is a predator of stinkbugs.
Scientists hope that this wasp could solve
the stinkbug problem.
39. Can you find the problems and solutions?
Brown marmorated stinkbugs have caused
many problems since they were
accidentally introduced to North America.
They damage fruit, bother people, and
harm crops. Scientists are trying to find a
solution. One promising possibility is a
species of wasp that originally comes from
Asia. This wasp is a predator of stinkbugs.
Scientists hope that this wasp could solve
the stinkbug problem.
40. Can you find the problems and solutions?
What is the
solution?
Brown marmorated stinkbugs have caused
many problems since they were
accidentally introduced to North America.
They damage fruit, bother people, and
harm crops. Scientists are trying to find a
solution. One promising possibility is a
species of wasp that originally comes from
Asia. This wasp is a predator of stinkbugs.
Scientists hope that this wasp could solve
the stinkbug problem.
41. Can you find the problems and solutions?
Brown marmorated stinkbugs have caused
many problems since they were
accidentally introduced to North America.
They damage fruit, bother people, and
harm crops. Scientists are trying to find a
solution. One promising possibility is a
species of wasp that originally comes from
Asia. This wasp is a predator of stinkbugs.
Scientists hope that this wasp could solve
the stinkbug problem.
42. Text structures we’ve
learned so far
•
•
•
•
Chronological order
Compare and contrast
Cause and effect
Problem and solution
43. Match the clue words!
Can you figure out the text structure that these clue
words point to?
however, on the other
hand, similarity, like,
unlike
Compare and
contrast
44. Match the clue words!
Can you figure out the text structure that these clue
words point to?
as a result,
consequently,
therefore, so, cause,
effect
Cause and effect
45. Match the clue words!
Can you figure out the text structure that these clue
words point to?
problem, solution,
threat, difficulty, hope,
answer, possibility
Problem and
solution
47. Description
The pond was a beautiful
place to visit. The falling
leaves, all different colors,
decorated the surface of the
water. At the edges of the
pond, small wildflowers
grew. The golden forest
glowed faintly in the distance.
48. Description
Main idea
The pond was a beautiful
place to visit. The falling
leaves, all different colors,
decorated the surface of the
water. At the edges of the
pond, small wildflowers
grew. The golden forest
glowed faintly in the distance.
49. Description
Main idea
All of the other sentences
support the main idea
and describe the pond.
The pond was a beautiful
place to visit. The falling
leaves, all different colors,
decorated the surface of the
water. At the edges of the
pond, small wildflowers
grew. The golden forest
glowed faintly in the distance.
51. Description
These paragraphs may
also include spatial
order words to show
how details relate to
each other:
next to, by, along, in,
above, and so forth
52. Now it’s your turn!
On the next few slides,
you will read some
paragraphs about the
Great Chicago Fire.
Your task is to identify
the text structure for
each one.
53. What’s the text structure?
• Chronological
order
• Compare and
contrast
• Cause and
effect
• Problem and
solution
• Description
Daniel Sullivan was the first to notice
the flames coming from the O’Leary
barn at around 8:30 pm on October 8.
A problem with the alarm box made it
impossible for the people in the area
to call for the fire department. By 9:30
pm, the entire block was blazing. In
another 3 hours, there were fires all
over Chicago. The heavy wind coming
from the lake only made the fire
bigger. It would be another day before
the fire would be completely out. By
that time, 17,500 buildings had been
burned.
54. What’s the text structure?
• Chronological
order
• Compare and
contrast
• Problem and
solution
Daniel Sullivan was the first to notice
the flames coming from the O’Leary
barn at around 8:30 pm on October 8.
A problem with the alarm box made it
impossible for the people in the area
to call for the fire department. By 9:30
pm, the entire block was blazing. In
another 3 hours, there were fires all
over Chicago. The heavy wind coming
from the lake only made the fire
bigger. It would be another day before
the fire would be completely out. By
that time, 17,500 buildings had been
burned.
55. What’s the text structure?
• Chronological
order
Daniel Sullivan was the first to notice
the flames coming from the O’Leary
barn at around 8:30 pm on October 8.
A problem with the alarm box made it
impossible for the people in the area
to call for the fire department. By 9:30
pm, the entire block was blazing. In
another 3 hours, there were fires all
over Chicago. The heavy wind coming
from the lake only made the fire
bigger. It would be another day before
the fire would be completely out. By
that time, 17,500 buildings had been
burned.
56. What’s the text structure?
• Chronological
order
Daniel Sullivan was the first to notice
the flames coming from the O’Leary
barn at around 8:30 pm on October 8.
A problem with the alarm box made it
impossible for the people in the area
to call for the fire department. By 9:30
pm, the entire block was blazing. In
another 3 hours, there were fires all
over Chicago. The heavy wind coming
from the lake only made the fire
bigger. It would be another day before
the fire would be completely out. By
that time, 17,500 buildings had been
burned.
57. What’s the text structure?
• Chronological
order
• Notice how
the paragraph
shows how
events happen
in time order
Daniel Sullivan was the first to notice
the flames coming from the O’Leary
barn at around 8:30 pm on October 8.
A problem with the alarm box made it
impossible for the people in the area
to call for the fire department. By 9:30
pm, the entire block was blazing. In
another 3 hours, there were fires all
over Chicago. The heavy wind coming
from the lake only made the fire
bigger. It would be another day before
the fire would be completely out. By
that time, 17,500 buildings had been
burned.
58. What’s the text structure?
Understanding
that this text is
written in
chronological
order can help
you to
understand
how the Great
Fire started.
Daniel Sullivan was the first to notice
the flames coming from the O’Leary
barn at around 8:30 pm on October 8.
A problem with the alarm box made it
impossible for the people in the area
to call for the fire department. By 9:30
pm, the entire block was blazing. In
another 3 hours, there were fires all
over Chicago. The heavy wind coming
from the lake only made the fire
bigger. It would be another day before
the fire would be completely out. By
that time, 17,500 buildings had been
burned.
59. Try another!
• Chronological
order
• Compare and
contrast
• Cause and
effect
• Problem and
solution
• Description
Why was the Great Chicago Fire so
disastrous? After all, Chicago had fire
departments and fire alarms. One
reason for the terrible fire is that the
alarm malfunctioned. The local fire
company noticed the fire by accident
as it was returning from another fire.
As another problem, a watchman who
saw the flames directed other fire
companies to a location that was nearly
a mile away from the fire. Because of
these two problems, a fire that could
have been controlled rapidly spread
across the city.
60. Try another!
• Compare and
contrast
• Cause and
effect
• Problem and
solution
Why was the Great Chicago Fire so
disastrous? After all, Chicago had fire
departments and fire alarms. One
reason for the terrible fire is that the
alarm malfunctioned. The local fire
company noticed the fire by accident
as it was returning from another fire.
As another problem, a watchman who
saw the flames directed other fire
companies to a location that was nearly
a mile away from the fire. Because of
these two problems, a fire that could
have been controlled rapidly spread
across the city.
61. Try another!
• Cause and
effect
Why was the Great Chicago Fire so
disastrous? After all, Chicago had fire
departments and fire alarms. One
reason for the terrible fire is that the
alarm malfunctioned. The local fire
company noticed the fire by accident
as it was returning from another fire.
As another problem, a watchman who
saw the flames directed other fire
companies to a location that was nearly
a mile away from the fire. Because of
these two problems, a fire that could
have been controlled rapidly spread
across the city.
62. Try another!
• Cause and
effect
• Notice how
the causes (in
blue) lead to
the effect (in
yellow)
Why was the Great Chicago Fire so
disastrous? After all, Chicago had fire
departments and fire alarms. One
reason for the terrible fire is that the
alarm malfunctioned. The local fire
company noticed the fire by accident
as it was returning from another fire.
As another problem, a watchman who
saw the flames directed other fire
companies to a location that was nearly
a mile away from the fire. Because of
these two problems, a fire that could
have been controlled rapidly spread
across the city.
63. What text structure is here?
• Chronological
order
• Compare and
contrast
• Cause and effect
• Problem and
solution
• Description
After the fire, thousands of people
were left homeless. Many escaped the
fire with nothing except the clothes
on their backs. Providing all of these
people with food, clean water, and
shelter was a huge task. Luckily, the
city quickly formed a Relief and Aid
Society. This group started giving out
the food donations that were pouring
in from other cities. The society built
places for people to live, gathered the
tools that people needed to rebuild
their houses, and even vaccinated
64,000 people against smallpox.
64. What text structure is here?
• Chronological
order
• Cause and effect
• Problem and
solution
After the fire, thousands of people
were left homeless. Many escaped the
fire with nothing except the clothes
on their backs. Providing all of these
people with food, clean water, and
shelter was a huge task. Luckily, the
city quickly formed a Relief and Aid
Society. This group started giving out
the food donations that were pouring
in from other cities. The society built
places for people to live, gathered the
tools that people needed to rebuild
their houses, and even vaccinated
64,000 people against smallpox.
65. What text structure is here?
• Problem and
solution
After the fire, thousands of people
were left homeless. Many escaped the
fire with nothing except the clothes
on their backs. Providing all of these
people with food, clean water, and
shelter was a huge task. Luckily, the
city quickly formed a Relief and Aid
Society. This group started giving out
the food donations that were pouring
in from other cities. The society built
places for people to live, gathered the
tools that people needed to rebuild
their houses, and even vaccinated
64,000 people against smallpox.
66. What text structure is here?
• Problem and
solution
• Here is the
problem
After the fire, thousands of people
were left homeless. Many escaped the
fire with nothing except the clothes
on their backs. Providing all of these
people with food, clean water, and
shelter was a huge task. Luckily, the
city quickly formed a Relief and Aid
Society. This group started giving out
the food donations that were pouring
in from other cities. The society built
places for people to live, gathered the
tools that people needed to rebuild
their houses, and even vaccinated
64,000 people against smallpox.
67. What text structure is here?
• Problem and
solution
• Here is the
solution
After the fire, thousands of people
were left homeless. Many escaped the
fire with nothing except the clothes
on their backs. Providing all of these
people with food, clean water, and
shelter was a huge task. Luckily, the
city quickly formed a Relief and Aid
Society. This group started giving out
the food donations that were pouring
in from other cities. The society built
places for people to live, gathered the
tools that people needed to rebuild
their houses, and even vaccinated
64,000 people against smallpox.
68. Can you find the text structure?
• Chronological
order
• Compare and
contrast
• Cause and
effect
• Problem and
solution
• Description
Chicago changed in many ways after
the fire. Before the fire, most of the
buildings were less than five stories
high. The buildings that were
constructed after the fire, however,
were some of the first skyscrapers in
the country. Before the fire, most of
the houses were made of wood. After
the fire, people chose to build their
houses out of stone or brick. There were
changes in where people lived, as well.
The poor people in the city lived close to
the center of the city before the fire.
After the fire, they moved into
neighborhoods that were farther away
from the downtown area.
69. Can you find the text structure?
• Compare and
contrast
• Cause and
effect
• Description
Chicago changed in many ways after
the fire. Before the fire, most of the
buildings were less than five stories
high. The buildings that were
constructed after the fire, however,
were some of the first skyscrapers in
the country. Before the fire, most of
the houses were made of wood. After
the fire, people chose to build their
houses out of stone or brick. There were
changes in where people lived, as well.
The poor people in the city lived close to
the center of the city before the fire.
After the fire, they moved into
neighborhoods that were farther away
from the downtown area.
70. Can you find the text structure?
• Compare and
contrast
Chicago changed in many ways after
the fire. Before the fire, most of the
buildings were less than five stories
high. The buildings that were
constructed after the fire, however,
were some of the first skyscrapers in
the country. Before the fire, most of
the houses were made of wood. After
the fire, people chose to build their
houses out of stone or brick. There were
changes in where people lived, as well.
The poor people in the city lived close to
the center of the city before the fire.
After the fire, they moved into
neighborhoods that were farther away
from the downtown area.
71. Can you find the text structure?
• Compare and
contrast
Notice how this
paragraph is
comparing
Chicago
BEFORE the
fire to Chicago
AFTER the fire.
Chicago changed in many ways after
the fire. Before the fire, most of the
buildings were less than five stories
high. The buildings that were
constructed after the fire, however,
were some of the first skyscrapers in
the country. Before the fire, most of
the houses were made of wood. After
the fire, people chose to build their
houses out of stone or brick. There were
changes in where people lived, as well.
The poor people in the city lived close to
the center of the city before the fire.
After the fire, they moved into
neighborhoods that were farther away
from the downtown area.
72. Can you find the text structure?
• Compare and
contrast
Notice how this
paragraph is
comparing
Chicago
BEFORE the
fire to Chicago
AFTER the fire.
Chicago changed in many ways after
the fire. Before the fire, most of the
buildings were less than five stories
high. The buildings that were
constructed after the fire, however,
were some of the first skyscrapers in
the country. Before the fire, most of
the houses were made of wood. After
the fire, people chose to build their
houses out of stone or brick. There were
changes in where people lived, as well.
The poor people in the city lived close to
the center of the city before the fire.
After the fire, they moved into
neighborhoods that were farther away
from the downtown area.
73. One more paragraph!
By Monday night, the town
of Chicago was burning.
People described it as
terrible, but amazing. The
flames were brighter than
anything people had ever
seen. The harsh winds swept
the fire across the city with
terrible speed. For many
who watched, it was a sight
to remember for the rest of
their lives.
• Chronological
order
• Compare and
contrast
• Cause and effect
• Problem and
solution
• Description
74. One more paragraph!
By Monday night, the town
of Chicago was burning.
People described it as
terrible, but amazing. The
flames were brighter than
anything people had ever
seen. The harsh winds swept
the fire across the city with
terrible speed. For many
who watched, it was a sight
to remember for the rest of
their lives.
• Compare and
contrast
• Cause and effect
• Description
75. One more paragraph!
By Monday night, the town
of Chicago was burning.
People described it as
terrible, but amazing. The
flames were brighter than
anything people had ever
seen. The harsh winds swept
the fire across the city with
terrible speed. For many
who watched, it was a sight
to remember for the rest of
their lives.
• Description
76. One more paragraph!
By Monday night, the town
of Chicago was burning.
People described it as
terrible, but amazing. The
flames were brighter than
anything people had ever
seen. The harsh winds swept
the fire across the city with
terrible speed. For many
who watched, it was a sight
to remember for the rest of
their lives.
• Description
• Notice the
main idea that
drives the
description.
77. Reflect on what you have learned
Which text structure
do you find most
interesting to read?
Why?
78. Reflect on what you have learned
Usually, authors use
many different text
structures in one text.
Can you explain an
example of how two
text structures could
work together?
79. Reflect on what you have learned
What other questions
do you have about
text structures?