Teach students how to identify an author's purpose with this interactive presentation. Designed specifically for intermediate and middle school students.
This presentation shows readers how to find the theme of a text. For a study guide for students, and stories and activities for finding themes, purchase my Teaching About Theme unit on TeachersPayTeachers:
http://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Teaching-About-Theme-342213
Teach students how to identify an author's purpose with this interactive presentation. Designed specifically for intermediate and middle school students.
This presentation shows readers how to find the theme of a text. For a study guide for students, and stories and activities for finding themes, purchase my Teaching About Theme unit on TeachersPayTeachers:
http://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Teaching-About-Theme-342213
This presentation introduces young readers to several important text structures. Through examples, pictures, and practice, students will learn how to identify and use the text structures of sequence, description, compare and contrast, cause and effect, and problem and solution.
For a study guide and ready-to-use classroom texts, purchase my unit at http://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Introduction-to-Text-Structure-451417
Understanding text structures is an important reading skill because it aids comprehension of informational texts. Get middle school students started the process of understanding and analyzing Text Structures and Organizations with this engaging PowerPoint presentation. Presentation addresses the five most common structures: : description, chronological, cause/effect, compare/contrast, and problem/solution. Examples and teacher instructions are included. Aligned to Common Core ELA-Literacy Standards: RI.6.1, 7.1, 8.1; 5.11C; 6.10C; 7.10C; 8.10C.
This presentation introduces young readers to several important text structures. Through examples, pictures, and practice, students will learn how to identify and use the text structures of sequence, description, compare and contrast, cause and effect, and problem and solution.
For a study guide and ready-to-use classroom texts, purchase my unit at http://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Introduction-to-Text-Structure-451417
Understanding text structures is an important reading skill because it aids comprehension of informational texts. Get middle school students started the process of understanding and analyzing Text Structures and Organizations with this engaging PowerPoint presentation. Presentation addresses the five most common structures: : description, chronological, cause/effect, compare/contrast, and problem/solution. Examples and teacher instructions are included. Aligned to Common Core ELA-Literacy Standards: RI.6.1, 7.1, 8.1; 5.11C; 6.10C; 7.10C; 8.10C.
summative notesAssessment and Grading in the Differentiated C.docxdeanmtaylor1545
summative notes/Assessment and Grading in the Differentiated Classroom (Wormeli).pdf
Assessment and Grading
in the Differentiated
Classroom
Fair Isn’t
Always Equal
Rick Wormeli 2007-2008
For further conversation about any of these topics:
Rick Wormeli
[email protected]
703-620-2447
Herndon, Virginia, USA
(Eastern Standard Time Zone)
Define Each Grade
A:
B:
C:
D:
E or F:
A Perspective that Changes our Thinking:
“A ‘D’ is a coward’s ‘F.’ The
student failed, but you didn’t
have enough guts to tell him.”
-- Doug Reeves
• A
• B
• C
• I or IP or NTY
Once we cross over into D and F(E)
zones, does it really matter? We’ll do the
same two things: Personally investigate
and take corrective action
Prompt:
Write a well-crafted essay that provides a general
overview of what we’ve learned about DNA this week.
You may use any resources you wish, but make sure to
explain each of the aspects of DNA we’ve discussed.
Student’s Response:
Deoxyribonucleic Acid, or DNA, is the blueprint for who
we are. Its structure was discovered by Watson and
Crick in 1961. Watson was an American studying in
Great Britain. Crick was British (He died last year). DNA
is shaped like a twisting ladder. It is made of two
nucleotide chains bonded to each other. The poles of
the ladder are made of sugar and phosphate but the
rungs of the ladder are made of four bases. They are
thymine, guanine, and cytosine, and adenine. The
amount of adenine is equal to the amount of thymine
(A=T). It’s the same with cytosine and guanine (C=G).
(Continued on the next slide)
The sequence of these bases makes us who
we are. We now know how to rearrange the
DNA sequences in human embryos to create
whatever characteristics we want in new
babies – like blue eyes, brown hair, and so
on, or even how to remove hereditary
diseases, but many people think it’s
unethical (playing God) to do this, so we
don’t do it. When DNA unzips to bond with
other DNA when it reproduces, it sometimes
misses the re-zipping order and this causes
mutations. In humans, the DNA of one cell
would equal 1.7 meters if you laid it out
straight. If you laid out all the DNA in all the
cells of one human, you could reach the
moon 6,000 times!
Conclusions from
Sample DNA Essay Grading
The fact that a range of grades occurs among
teachers who grade the same product suggests that:
• Assessment can only be done against commonly
accepted and clearly understood criteria.
• Grades are relative.
• Teachers have to be knowledgeable in their subject
area in order to assess students properly.
• Grades are subjective and can vary from teacher to
teacher.
• Grades are not always accurate indicators of
mastery.
‘Interesting:
“The score a student receives
on a test is more dependent on
who scores the test and how they
score it than it is on what the
student knows and understands.”
-- Marzano, Classroom Assessment & Grading That Work
(CAGTW), p. 30
.
A half day session - continuing the conversation about the impact of formative assessment and how formative assessment differs in intent and purpose and impact from summative assessment. Several cross-content secondary examples included.
2. What is Text Structure?
How information in a passage is organized
We will study five common patterns:
• Cause and Effect
• Compare and Contrast
• Problem and Solution
• Sequential
• Description
3. Cause and Effect
An action and its results are explained.
Cause Effect
Students did not learn They performed
the material. poorly on the test.
4. Compare and Contrast
Tells how two things are similar and different.
Apples & Oranges
Alike Different
1. Both are fruits. 1. People don’t eat
2. Both have skin.
orange skins.
2. Oranges have
more juice.
5. Problem and Solution
A problem and answer are suggested.
Problem Solution
Property is being Require a license
spray painted. to buy spray paint.
•Don’t confuse with cause and effect.
•It is presented as a PROBLEM.
6. Sequential
Information is listed step-by-step.
Explains how to do it or how it happens.
4. Flip omelet.
3. Cook on
one side.
2. Add cheese.
1. Crack a
few eggs.
7. Description
Describes something in order of space.
Describes how something looks.
A television across
Two windows on
from the bed.
the west Wall
My bedroom
. A clo
m iddle set b
d in the y the
A be TV
8. Tips to Identify
1. Ask, “what is the author doing in this
paragraph?” Put it in your own words.
2. Have a hunch? Use the graphic
organizer to see if the info fits.
3. Look for signal words.
9. Practice
1. Read each passage.
2. Determine how the text is organized:
cause and effect, compare and contrast,
sequential, problem and solution, or
descriptive.
3. Write your answer.
10. Popular Sports
Football and baseball are two of the
most popular sports in the country. They
have many things in common. For one,
they are both team sports, and they both
require players to advance to an end or
“home” point on the playing field.
However, football requires players to carry
the ball to the end zone, whereas in
baseball, it is the defending team that
controls the ball while it is in play.
11. Studying for a Test
Believe it or not, as important as it is,
many students do not know how to study
for a test. Well, studying for a test is easy.
The first thing that you must do is take out
your notes. Open your notes up to the
section that you are supposed to review.
Read what you wrote in your notebook.
When you are done, close your notebook
and see if you remember the ideas that
you were studying. Still don’t remember?
Open your notebook back up a try again.
12. Low Test Scores
Many students have been getting low
scores on tests and this is upsetting to
parents, teachers, and students. Low test
scores show that teachers aren’t teaching
effectively or that students aren’t learning.
Either way it’s an issue with which we are
concerned. I propose the following: any
teacher who is giving a test should open up
their classroom for study groups the night
and morning before the test. Maybe by
giving students extra opportunities to study,
we can improve students’ test scores.
13. Peanut Butter and Jelly
After a long day at school, I came
home and watched “Cops,” my favorite
show. During the commercial breaks, I
got up and made a peanut butter and jelly
sandwich. I took the bread out of the
cabinet, spread the jelly and peanut butter
on the bread, and stuck the two pieces
together. I enjoyed that sandwich as I
watched the rest of “Cops.”
14. The Gym Room
The gym room at the high school down the
street from me is huge. Along the North and
South walls are bleachers that fold up during
gym. Coach pulls the bleachers out for big
games. At the end of the East and West
walls are basketball hoops. The ceilings are
very high and at the top of the gym are many
large windows. The windows go all the way
around the gym. There are also ropes that
are either tucked away or hang from the
ceilings in the middle of the gym. The ropes
intimidate some students. That gym is my
favorite place.
15. Eligibility
Being involved in after school sports and
clubs is not a right. It is a privilege.
Therefore, students have to meet eligibility
requirements. If students have any “D”s or
“F”s, they are not allowed to play. Also, if
students have behavior issues in class, they
cannot be on the team or in the club. Lastly,
students need to keep good attendance. If
students miss school, they most certainly
cannot come to practice. Being on a team is
a lot of responsibility. If students are not
proving to be responsible, they will not be
permitted to be in clubs or teams.
16. Answers
1. Compare and contrast
2. Sequential
3. Problem and solution
4. Sequential
5. Description
6. Cause and effect