In this session participants will review some of the best practices to teach reading to English Language Learners who are Learning Disabled. We will discuss differences and similarities between students who are learning disabled and English Language Learners, research based interventions, and the RTI process.
Navigating Unseen Navigating Unseen Cultural Dissonance for Students with L...Andrea DeCapua
As immigration to the U.S. continues to grow, more and more students with interrupted or limited formal education (SLIFE) enter secondary schools and adult education programs. These learners face major challenges, including the need to develop literacy skills and a content knowledge base, often in a limited timeframe. Beyond this, however, SLIFE come to formal education unfamiliar with classroom tasks and behaviors, and with little or no experience in expected types of learning and thinking. Dominant Western-style pedagogical practices derive from culturally- based priorities for learners and learning, priorities intrinsic to this style of schooling. Educators are often unaware how pervasive these priorities are and how much they shape pedagogical practices. I explore the priorities of both US mainstream educators and those of SLIFE, and discuss how each can accommodate the other’s priorities through a culturally responsive, mutually adaptive approach, thereby reducing the cultural dissonance SLIFE confront in formal educational settings. I conclude by considering how educators can bridge the gap to culturally new ways of learning by transitioning SLIFE from their preferred ways of learning to those deemed necessary for literacy and academic attainment in formal education.
Learning Disabilities : An Academic & Personal Perspective Jacob Bunch
This is the powerpoint from a presentation I did as part of my "Survey of Disability" course at CBU--the first course in my second masters program, disability studies on the topic of learning disabilities.
**NOTE: VIDEO LINKS WILL NOT WORK PROPERLY UNLESS THE PPT FILE IS DOWNLOADED TO YOUR COMPUTER
Navigating Unseen Navigating Unseen Cultural Dissonance for Students with L...Andrea DeCapua
As immigration to the U.S. continues to grow, more and more students with interrupted or limited formal education (SLIFE) enter secondary schools and adult education programs. These learners face major challenges, including the need to develop literacy skills and a content knowledge base, often in a limited timeframe. Beyond this, however, SLIFE come to formal education unfamiliar with classroom tasks and behaviors, and with little or no experience in expected types of learning and thinking. Dominant Western-style pedagogical practices derive from culturally- based priorities for learners and learning, priorities intrinsic to this style of schooling. Educators are often unaware how pervasive these priorities are and how much they shape pedagogical practices. I explore the priorities of both US mainstream educators and those of SLIFE, and discuss how each can accommodate the other’s priorities through a culturally responsive, mutually adaptive approach, thereby reducing the cultural dissonance SLIFE confront in formal educational settings. I conclude by considering how educators can bridge the gap to culturally new ways of learning by transitioning SLIFE from their preferred ways of learning to those deemed necessary for literacy and academic attainment in formal education.
Learning Disabilities : An Academic & Personal Perspective Jacob Bunch
This is the powerpoint from a presentation I did as part of my "Survey of Disability" course at CBU--the first course in my second masters program, disability studies on the topic of learning disabilities.
**NOTE: VIDEO LINKS WILL NOT WORK PROPERLY UNLESS THE PPT FILE IS DOWNLOADED TO YOUR COMPUTER
Learning disabilities are common among students and, as 21st century teachers, it is our responsibility to identify the students facing any such problem and provide remedial measures to them. Thus, it is very important for teachers to understand the meaning of Leaning Disability.
Here's a presentation on the meaning, types and symptoms of Learning Disability.
“By definition, individuals with a learning disability do not struggle because of low intelligence, poor teaching, lack of motivation or other such factors.
Their underachievement is unexpected and unexplained, which is why the term is often misunderstood.”
-Dr. Sheldon H. Horowitz, National Center for Learning Disabilities
Over the last 25 years The Learning Disabilities Association of New York has been supporting teens and young adults with learning disabilities to transition in to the job world. This presentation outlines how individuals coping with dyslexia, dyscalculia, dysgraphia can better understand their condition and work with trained professionals to find the best strategies to find jobs and succeed in the workplace.
characteristic and identification of students with LDsUsman Khan
what is learning disability
types of learning disabilities
characteristics of children with learning disabilities
Identification of students with learning disabilities
Keynote Address: HELP 2014 Conference, Holistic Enhancement of Learning Potential, 10th Annual Conference, Taj Club House, Chennai, India. Sponsored by the Alpha to Omega Learning Center, Lalitha Ramanujan, Founder/Director.
Learning disabilities are common among students and, as 21st century teachers, it is our responsibility to identify the students facing any such problem and provide remedial measures to them. Thus, it is very important for teachers to understand the meaning of Leaning Disability.
Here's a presentation on the meaning, types and symptoms of Learning Disability.
“By definition, individuals with a learning disability do not struggle because of low intelligence, poor teaching, lack of motivation or other such factors.
Their underachievement is unexpected and unexplained, which is why the term is often misunderstood.”
-Dr. Sheldon H. Horowitz, National Center for Learning Disabilities
Over the last 25 years The Learning Disabilities Association of New York has been supporting teens and young adults with learning disabilities to transition in to the job world. This presentation outlines how individuals coping with dyslexia, dyscalculia, dysgraphia can better understand their condition and work with trained professionals to find the best strategies to find jobs and succeed in the workplace.
characteristic and identification of students with LDsUsman Khan
what is learning disability
types of learning disabilities
characteristics of children with learning disabilities
Identification of students with learning disabilities
Keynote Address: HELP 2014 Conference, Holistic Enhancement of Learning Potential, 10th Annual Conference, Taj Club House, Chennai, India. Sponsored by the Alpha to Omega Learning Center, Lalitha Ramanujan, Founder/Director.
"Surviving College: Promoting Numerical Literacy of English Language Learners and Minority Students."
Deficient numerical literacy (innumeracy) is a gate keeper to college success. It is an endemic problem among students, particularly for English Language Learners and minority students. The presenters will share successful strategies and activities to promote college-level numerical literacy and critical thinking. This new set of skills will empower students to "survive college" by being better prepared and more confident to overcome academic challenges in a variety of disciplines.
(Maryland Plan for Higher Education, Goal 3: Diversity, and Goal 4: Student-Centered Learning)
This is a TOEFL iBt Reading Test Tip presentation. Enjoy!
http://www.theeslexcellenceinstitute.com
https://eslexcellence.myicourse.com
https://j.mp/1NkXFeQ
https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Eslexcellence
Strategies and skills during shared reading for eslmreiss50
Shared Reading is an effective way to teach ESL students reading strategies. This presentation describes ways to make shared reading a valuable tool in teaching reading to ESL students.
Mythbusters of second language acquisition Carla Huck
This was a presentation to content-area teachers in our high school - they each had a whiteboard and wrote true/false to the statements before we revealed the responses and rationale; all elements were then linked to practical classroom strategies.
There is a large unidentified population with double exceptionality. Gifted children
with specific learning difficulties can cover their deficits by their high abilities,
however the deficits cover their high abilities.
common issues in the perspective of speech and language disorders Usman Khan
typical development
speech and speech disorders
language and language disorders
communication disorders and Intellectual disability
Issues of importance
Counseling With Exceptional Children Tarver-Behring, Shar.docxvanesaburnand
Counseling With Exceptional Children
Tarver-Behring, Shari; Spagna, Michael E . Counseling and Human Development ; Denver Vol. 37, Iss. 9,
(May 2005): 1-12.
ProQuest document link
ABSTRACT
Students with developmental disabilities, according to the Commission on Excellence in Special Education (U.S.
Department of Education, 2002), include those having specific learning disabilities, speech and language
impairments, emotional disturbance, mild mental retardation, and developmental delay. The categories of specific
learning disabilities, emotional disturbance, and mild mental retardation are explored in more detail in the following
discussion, which addresses the cognitive, academic, adaptive, social, perceptual-motor, and language functioning
of students with these types of developmental disabilities. In direct comparison to students with mild mental
retardation, who have global deficits in the areas of memory and attention, individuals with specific learning
disabilities have difficulties in an encapsulated area or areas of cognitive functioning (e.g., phonemic awareness),
which are referred to as psychological processing deficits.
FULL TEXT
Children and adolescents with disabilities are an extremely heterogeneous group of diverse learners, each with
unique learning strengths and needs. Often misunderstood and frequently less served by the counseling
profession, these children and adolescents need counseling services just as much as, if not more than, other
children (McDowell, Coven, &Hash, 1979). Federal legislation makes it imperative that all counselors who work with
children and adolescents, even those not working within public school settings, be knowledgeable about the
identification of and services for those with disabilities. In addition, all counselors have a professional and ethical
responsibility to facilitate conditions that promote the full potential for all individuals, including exceptional groups
(Baker, 1992; Holmgren, 1996; Maes, 1978; Seligman, 1985). As knowledge and experience are obtained for this
population, counselors can serve children and their families more fully as intended by legal and professional
guidelines.
Most counselors will encounter in their practice children and adolescents with disabilities. According to the U.S.
Department of Education (2000), approximately 9% of the school-age population is classified as having a federally
recognized disability and, therefore, receiving special education and/or related services. This figure does not
include gifted children, who also are significantly different from the norm and are in need of identification,
curricular modifications, and counseling interventions (Silverman, 1993). Nor does it include students with
disabilities who do not qualify for special education but may be eligible for other educational and counseling
services.
Despite the number of children and adolescents with disabilities, counseling pr.
In an open discussion format, participants will gain valuable insights gleaned from Kelly Gallagher’s acclaimed book, Readicide. Are we killing reading in public schools? If so, how? What can we as educators do about it? How do we get students motivated and interested in reading? Come for this important reflective discussion about the current reality of reading in our schools and how we have the power to initiate change and support students to help them become readers.
Discover the easiest way ever to teach literacy skills! Through literacy centers, small group games, supporting books, songs, and art projects-- learn how to easily increase early literacy development at school and at home by creating print-rich environments.
Helping teachers develop culturally and linguistically responsive instruction to meet the needs of ELLs and ALL learners. "Professional learning for culturally responsive teaching has the potential to address achievement gaps across ethnic groups and disproportionate representation in special education for students from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds." (NCCREST)
Teaching Mathematics to English Language Learners admills
This session will present strategies to help teachers teach mathematics to English language learners including hands-on differentiation activities for teachers to do in the session.
This session will give teachers new tools to make text comprehensible for ELLs including various ways to scaffold reading and increase comprehension. Strategies include pre-teaching vocabulary, scaffolding textbook readings, and selecting alternative readings as well as interaction with the text to increase comprehension.
What’s it like to be an English language learner? Through listening and comprehension exercises that simulate what ELLs experience in the classroom participants will learn how to understand the position of the English Language Learner in the classroom. Teachers will be better able to appreciate the unique situation of ELLs and respond appropriately in the classroom through the use of English language development tools such as Performance Indicators and the WIDA Can-Do descriptors.
Academic Interaction and Engagement for ELL Student Success admills
Research has shown that the best predictor of academic success for English language learners is high levels of interaction and engagement in the classroom with academic language. This session will focus on how to increase the level of academic discussion, collaboration, motivation and engagement in classrooms for English language learners and all learners.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdf
Understanding Struggling English Language Learners: Learning Disabilities, the RTI Process, and Language Acquisition
1. By:
Jorge Eliécer Zuluaga Urrea
ESL SYMPOSIUM
LEE COUNTY Schools
07/23/2014
Struggling English
Language Learners who are
Learning Disabled: Reading
and The R.T.I. Process
2. Specific Learning DisabledSpecific Learning Disabled
Children in NC public schoolsChildren in NC public schools
Hispanic/Latino 11,578
Asian 620
Two or more races 2,434
African American 23,077
White 31, 689
American Indians/ Alaska Native 1,241
Hawaiian or pacific Islander 61
Retrieved 07/17/14 from:
http://ec.ncpublicschools.gov/reports-data/child-count/reports/dec
4. ESL students with disabilitiesESL students with disabilities
It is assumed that
about 12% of the
language minority
population in the USA
should require special
education.
5.16% of the 6.64% of
students with Learning
disabilities are LEP
Minow, M. L. (2001). Limited English proficient students and special education. Wakefield,
MA:National Center on Accessing the General Curriculum. Retrieved 07/17/14 from:
http://aim.cast.org/learn/historyarchive/backgroundpapers/lep_sp_ed
5. LEP, SLDLEP, SLD
What happens when
there is a student who
is limited English
Proficient (LEP) and
has another disability?
Are we as teachers,
prepared to deal with
this population?
6. Our Goal TodayOur Goal Today
Discuss main issues affecting the academic
performance of the specific learning
disabled children who are limited English
proficient.
To identify current trends to overcome
literacy difficulties in specific learning
disabled children who are limited English
proficient.
Discuss main issues in the RTI referral
process of English Language Learners.
8. Specific Learning DisabilitySpecific Learning Disability
“A disorder in one or more of the basic
psychological processes involved in
understanding or in using language, spoken
or written, which may manifest itself in an
imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read,
write, spell or to do mathematical
calculations…
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA),
1997.
9. Specific Learning DisabilitySpecific Learning Disability
Cont…Cont…
This term includes such conditions as
perceptual handicaps, brain injury, minimal
brain dysfunction, dyslexia and
developmental aphasia.
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA),
1997.
10. Specific Learning DisabilitySpecific Learning Disability
cont…cont…
“The term does not include children who have
learning problems which are primary the
result of visual, hearing, or motor
handicaps, of mental retardation, of
emotional disturbance, or of environmental,
cultural, or economic disadvantage.”
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), 1997.
11. What are Learning Disabilities?What are Learning Disabilities?
Basic Skills
– Reading
– Writing
– Math
Higher Level Skills
– Organization
– Time planning
– Abstract reasoning
Learning Disabilities of America,2004 Retrieved from: http://ldanatl.org/aboutld/teachers/understanding/print_types.asp
Neurologically-based processing problems thatNeurologically-based processing problems that
interfere with learninginterfere with learning..
12. Characteristics of LearningCharacteristics of Learning
DisabilitiesDisabilities
Perception.Perception.
the brain misinterpretsthe brain misinterprets
the information fromthe information from
the sensory channels.the sensory channels.
Phonological
processing.
Lack in the ability to
hear each phoneme of a
word. (phonological
awareness).
Learning Disabilities of America,2004 Retrieved from: http://ldanatl.org/aboutld/teachers/understanding/print_types.asp
Learning disabilities may be caused mainly byLearning disabilities may be caused mainly by
deficits in :deficits in :
13. Other Characteristics ThatOther Characteristics That
Coexist With LDCoexist With LD
Low self esteem
Poor motivation
Withdrawal
Feigned illness
Absenteeism
Anxiety
Over dependence
Children with learning disabilities can be affected
by academic failure and may develop:
14. Limited English ProficientLimited English Proficient
StudentsStudents
Come from different
cultures.
Speak various languages
See the world in a
different way.
Some have changed
geography, climate,
economic situation, social
status and culture of
schools.
Some come to have a
better living, but others
have to leave their
countries out of fear for
their lives.
Most children did not
want to come. It was their
parents choice.
Law, B. & Eckes, M. (2000). The more than just-surviving handbook: ESL
for every classroom teacher. Winnipeg: Portage & Main Press.
15. ESL student with a
disability
Physiological reasons.
Difficulty forming social
relationships.
Communicative
competence may be
affected in both
languages.
May have speech
disorders in: articulation,
voice, fluency and
receptive and expressive
language.
ESL student without
a disability
Adaptation difficulties.
Behavioral problems
related to acculturation.
Communicative
competence may be
affected due to a lack of
ability in the second
language.
Grammar and sentence
structure appropriate for
his age.
16. ESL student with a
disability
First language skills not
appropriate for age and level in
areas like: vocabulary, word
finding, following directions,
sentence formulation and
pragmatics.
Disorganized thoughts.
May have difficulties learning
the second language.
Significantly below grade level.
Verbal and non verbal abilities
are inconsistent.
Significant discrepancies
between different areas
Difficulties with directions,
transitions, coping and
following instructions.
ESL student without a
disability
May not know specific
vocabulary, but may be familiar
with the item or concept.
May demonstrate a loss of
receptive and expressive
language skills in first
language.
17. What LD, LEP children needWhat LD, LEP children need
to improve their readingto improve their reading
To improve their reading, learning disabled
children who are Limited English proficient need:
Attention from their regular teacher, their ESL
teacher and their Exceptional Education teacher.
Hands on instruction.
Explicit code emphasis developmental reading
methods: Phonics, linguistic, multisensory
approaches.
Teachers who effectively and systematically alter
various methods to meet their needs.
18. What LD, LEP children needWhat LD, LEP children need
to improve their readingto improve their reading
Formal explicit instruction in the target
language, and culture.
Use their previous knowledge, experiences
and strengths as a base to start building
literacy.
Recursive teachers who identify children’s
weaknesses and strength in order to plan
systematic and organized remediation
programs.
19. What LD, LEP children needWhat LD, LEP children need
to improve their readingto improve their reading
Implementing and including Phonics and
phonemic awareness based tasks with ESL
methods like:
Language Experience Approach (LEA).
Expediting Comprehension for English
Language Learners (ExC-ELL).
Total Physical Response (TPR).
The Cognitive Academic Language
Learning Approach (CALLA).
Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol
(SIOP).
20. What LD, LEP children needWhat LD, LEP children need
to improve their readingto improve their reading
Have access to high-quality instruction to help them
meet high expectations.
Teachers who use strategies known to be effective
with English learners such as:
– Drawing on their previous knowledge.
– Providing opportunities to review previously learned
concepts and teaching them to employ those concepts.
– Organizing themes or strands that connect the curriculum
across subject areas.
– Providing individual guidance , assistance, and support to
fill gaps in background knowledge.
21. What readers needWhat readers need
LD, LEP persons need a variety of instructional
approaches in order to read they need:
– Decoding
Translating written material into a spoken word.
– Comprehension Skills
Reading for factual information
– Follow the events and details of the text.
Comparing and evaluating the material
– Derive main ideas from a text and isolate its organizing idea or thesis.
22. I know everything you
just said.
How do I do that in
my room?
How do I solve ‘the
problem’ I have?
23. The problemThe problem
Daniel is not learning.
I have tried everything I know!
Nothing seems to work.
I know that he tries.
Something must be wrong.
I am going to lose my job!
26. Would you like to try R.T.I.?Would you like to try R.T.I.?
Response to Intervention (R.T.I.) “is a way to
provide early intervention to students who show
signs of struggling and potentially to identify those
who have learning disabilities. “
Klingner, J. Hoover, J and Baca, Leonard. (2008)Response to Intervention Models and English Language Learners. In Why do English
Language Learners struggle with Reading (pp. 37).Corwin Press. Thousand Oaks, CA.
27. What in the World is R.T.I.?What in the World is R.T.I.?
R.T.I. offers an alternative to the discrepancy-
based identification models of the past that require
students to demonstrate significant difference
between their ability (I.Q.) and their academic
achievement.
Klingner, J. Hoover, J and Baca, Leonard. (2008)Response to Intervention Models and English Language Learners. In Why do English Language Learners struggle with Reading (pp. 37).Corwin Press. Thousand
Oaks, CA.
28. R.T.I. ReferralR.T.I. Referral
What you need:
For every area of concern is necessary to
include:
- A goal related to the needs.
- Description of two different research
based interventions.
- Progress Monitoring (m-CLASS
Benchmark, Progress Monitoring
Reports, Reading Work Samples.)
Note that in Lee County: Teacher directed programs such as Wilson, My sidewalks, Burst, Language!, Wilson
Fundations, etc. can be used as the sole intervention.
29. Measurable GoalsMeasurable Goals
The goals are statements that link directly to
the areas of need.
The goal describes what the child is
expected to accomplish within the duration
of the interventions.
30. Measurable GoalsMeasurable Goals
Goal Components:
Any given/conditions (when, with what,
where) if needed.
Skill area/domain (academic, behavioral,
functional.)
Observable learner performance (what the
learner will be doing, an action.)
Measurable Criteria which specify the level at
which the students performance will be
acceptable (frequency, accuracy, speed, etc.)
31. Measurable GoalsMeasurable Goals
To know if the goal is measurable ask:
Does it allow us to know how much progress has been
made?
Does it yield the same conclusion if measured by
another person?
Does it reveal if the goal has been accomplished/
completed?
Can be measured as is? (without additional information.)
32. Measurable GoalsMeasurable Goals
“Given a model, Peter will write the uppercase
alphabet letters with no more than two errors.”
Given a model = When or under what
condition.
Peter will write upper case letters = skill-
writing/ observable performance.
with no more than two errors = measurable
outcome.
33. Research Based InterventionsResearch Based Interventions
According to Kelly and Campbell, (2012) five components
are needed to be in place for students to progress in
reading:
Phonics Instruction,
Listening Comprehension,
Reading Comprehension,
Tutoring,
At-home Component.
These program components are consistent with those identified by several researchers including: Carson, 1999; Gaskins, Ehri, Cress, O'Hara,
& Donnelly, 1996; Learning First Alliance, 1998; Torgesen, 1998; Snow et al., 1998.
Taken from: Helping Struggling Readers on 11/27/2012
http://education.jhu.edu/PD/newhorizons/strategies/topics/literacy/articles/helping-struggling-readers/index.html by Crystal Kelly, MA.Ed. and Linda Campbell, Ph.D.
34. Research Based InterventionsResearch Based Interventions
What works according to the National
Reading Panel?
- Phonemic Awareness instruction.
- Phonics instruction.
- Fluency Instruction.
- Vocabulary Instruction.
- Text Comprehension.
35. Phonemic Awareness:Phonemic Awareness:
Conscious awareness that words are composed of
separate sounds and the ability to identify and
manipulate those sounds. Phonemic Awareness
can be developed by:
- Recognizing beginning and ending sounds.
- Isolating sounds.
- Combining sounds.
- Breaking or segmenting words into its separate
sounds. National Institute for Literacy. (2003) PUT READING FIRST:
The research building blocks for teaching children to
read. Second Edition. Jessup, MD
36. Phonological AwarenessPhonological Awareness
Ability to attend to the sounds of speech in a
language. A broad term that includes
Phonemic Awareness.
Phonological Awareness activities can involve
work with:
- Phonemes
- Rhymes
- Words
- Syllables
- Onset and Rime National Institute for Literacy. (2003) PUT READING FIRST: The research
building blocks for teaching children to read. Second Edition. Jessup,
MD
37. Phonics InstructionPhonics Instruction
Helps children learn the relationships
between the letters (graphemes) and the
sounds (phonemes).
Phonics instruction programs should:
- Be systematic and explicit.
- Provide opportunities to apply what is
learned about sounds and letters to
reading of words, sentences and stories.
National Institute for Literacy. (2003) PUT READING FIRST: The research
building blocks for teaching children to read. Second Edition. Jessup,
38. FluencyFluency
The ability to read a text accurately and
quickly. Frees students to understand what
they read.
Reading Fluency can be developed:
- By modeling fluent reading.
- By having students engage in repeated oral reading.
- Progress in reading fluency should be monitored by
teachers to evaluate instruction and set instruction
goals. National Institute for Literacy. (2003) PUT READING FIRST: The research
building blocks for teaching children to read. Second Edition. Jessup,
MD
39. Reading Comprehension StrategiesReading Comprehension Strategies
(National Reading Panel)(National Reading Panel)
Comprehension monitoring
Using of graphic and semantic
organizers
Using of the structure of the
stories
Answering of questions
Generating questions
Summarizing
Calderon, Margarita
(2011)
National Reading
Panel (2000)
40. Reading ComprehensionReading Comprehension
StrategiesStrategies
Other researchers
Predict
Determine important information
Summarize
Make inferences
Visualize
Ask and answer questions
Make connections
Monitor comprehension
Calderon, Margarita (2011)
41. Text Comprehension InstructionText Comprehension Instruction
Comprehension is the reason for reading. It
is purposeful and active. It can be developed
by teaching comprehension strategies.
Comprehension strategies can be taught:
- Through explicit instruction
- Through cooperative learning
- By helping readers use strategies flexible and
in combination. National Institute for Literacy. (2003) PUT READING FIRST: The
research building blocks for teaching children to read.
Second Edition. Jessup, MD
42. Comprehension StrategiesComprehension Strategies
Conscious plans or sets of steps that readers use
to make sense of the text.
Monitoring comprehension:
- Being aware of what is understood
- Identify what is not understood
- Use of appropriate fix up strategies to resolve problems.
Using graphic and semantic organizers:
- Use of diagrams or other pictorial devices to illustrate
concepts and interrelationships among concepts in a text.
National Institute for Literacy. (2003) PUT READING FIRST: The research
building blocks for teaching children to read. Second Edition. Jessup, MD
43. Comprehension StrategiesComprehension Strategies
Generating questions:
- Help to integrate information from different
segments of the text.
Answering questions:
- Give students a purpose for reading
- Help to focus on what is needed to be learned
- Help think actively while reading
- Encourage monitoring of comprehension
- Help review content and relate to what is
known National Institute for Literacy. (2003) PUT READING FIRST: The research
building blocks for teaching children to read. Second Edition. Jessup,
MD.
44. Comprehension StrategiesComprehension Strategies
Recognizing Story Structure:
- Find out how the content and the events of a
story are organized into a plot.
Summarizing:
- Identify and generate main ideas.
- Connect the main or central ideas.
- Eliminate redundant and unnecessary
information.
- Remember what was learned.
National Institute for Literacy. (2003) PUT READING FIRST: The research building blocks for
teaching children to read. Second Edition. Jessup, MD
46. TO KEEP IN MINDTO KEEP IN MIND
When working with ELLs:
- Build strong positive relationships
- Value cultural diversity in teaching and
learning
- Provide sufficient attention and opportunity to
oral language development
- Differentiate instruction as necessary
- Provide explicit instruction
(Klingner, Artiles, & Mendez-Barletta, 2006)
Klingner, Janette K., Hoover, John J., & Baca, Leonard M. (2008) Ch. Conclusion. In Why do English Language Learners Struggle with Reading?:
Distinguishing Language Acquisition From Learning Disabilities. Corvin Press, Thousand Oaks, California.
47. TO KEEP IN MINDTO KEEP IN MIND……
Combine phonological awareness with other reading and
English Language Development activities (no matter
what language).
Provide Explicit vocabulary instruction to facilitate
reading comprehension in students’ first language and in
English.
Teach and encourage the use of reading comprehension
strategies.
Help students develop a strong foundation in their first
language as a way to promote literacy in both the native
language and English.
48. Phonics TermsPhonics Terms
Phoneme segmentation: ability to hear a spoken word and
pronounce its individual phonemes /h/ /i/ /l/.
Phoneme blending: ability to hear a word broken into
phonemes and combine the phonemes into the word: /b/ /u/
/g/ to “bug.”
Phoneme manipulation: ability to add, delete pr move
phonemes in a word and pronounce the word that results.
Phonics: instruction in how the sounds of speech are
represented by letters and spelling.
Onset: the consonant sound(s) that precede the vowel
sound in a syllable. /c/ is the onset of cat. /sc/ is the onset
of scat
Rime: the vowel sound and what follows it in a syllable.
/at/ is the rime in cat. /ast/ is the rime in blast
49. Research Based InterventionsResearch Based Interventions
http://ec.ncpublicschools.gov/instructional-resources
http://www.interventioncentral.org/
http://www.jimwrightonline.com/pdfdocs/brouge/rdn
http://ies.ed.gov/ncee/wwc/pdf/practice_guides/rti_m
http://serge.ccsso.org
50. Baca, L & De Valenzuela, J.S. (1994). Reconstructing the Bilingual Special Education Interface. ncela
Program Information Guide Series, Number 20, Fall 1994. Retrieved on 03/06/2005 from:
http://www.ncela.gwu.edu/pubs/pigs/pig20.htm
Bowe, F. G. (202). Enhancing reading ability to prevent students from becoming
“Low-functioning deaf” as adults. American Annals of the Deaf. 147, 22-27. Retrieved on
July 2nd 2003, from Proquest.Umi.com via NCLive. www.nclive.org.
Calderon, Margarita (2011) Teaching Reading and Comprehension to English Learners, K-5.Soution Tree
press, Bloomington IN.
Case, R. E.& Taylor, S. S. (2005) Language Difference or Learning Disability?: Answers from
a Linguistic Perspective. The Clearing House. Washington: Jan/Feb 2005. Vol. 78. Lss3:
retrieved on 3/6/05 from: http://nclive.lib.unc.edu:2074/pqdweb?
index=0&did=797063031&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=4&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VN
ame=PQD&TS=1110752095&clientId=15094
Chamot, A.U. & O’Malley, J. M. (1994). The CALLA handbook: Implementing
the cognitive academic language learning approach. New York: Addison-Wesley.
Cummins, J. 2003. BICS and CALP Retrieved on 03/12/2005 from:
http://www.iteachilearn.com/cummins/bicscalp.html
Cummins, J. (1989). A theoretical framework for bilingual special education. Exceptional Children, 56
(2), 111-119.
SourcesSources
51. Fromkin, V., Rodman, R. & Hyams, N. (2003) Ch. 8. Language acquisition. In An
introduction to language (7th. Ed.). Boston: Heinle.
Harwell, Joan M. 2001. Complete Learning disabilities handbook:New edition. Paramus, NJ: The
center for Applied Research in Education.
Klingner, Janette K., Hoover, John J., & Baca, Leonard M. (2008) Ch. Conclusion. In Why do English Language
Learners Struggle with Reading?: Distinguishing Language Acquisition From Learning Disabilities. Corvin
Press, Thousand Oaks, California.
Krashen, S. (2002). Not soft science. Retrieved July 27, 2004 from:
http://www.azusausd.k12.ca.us/bilingual/pdf%5CKrashen19.pdf
Law, B. & Eckes, M. (200). The more than just-surviving handbook: ESL for
every classroom teacher. Winnipeg: Portage & Main Press.
Learning Disabilities of America, 1998. LDA News briefs. Vol. 38, No. 4. Retrieved July 1, 2004
from: http://www.ldanatl.org/aboutld/teachers/teaching_reading.
Learning Disabilities of America, 2004 Retrieved July 1,2004 from:
http://ldanatl.org/aboutld/teachers/understanding/print_types.asp.
Lopez-Reyna, N. (2002). Instructional strategies for English language learners with disabilities. In
Serving English language learners with disabilities: a resource manual for Illinois educators.
Retrieved March 05, 2005, from http://wwwisbe.state.il.us/spec-ed/PDF/BMChapter 7-7-12.pdf
National Institute for Literacy. (2003) PUT READING FIRST: The research building blocks for teaching
children to read. Second Edition. Jessup, MD
National Institute of Child, Health &Human Development. (n.d.) Report of the National Reading
Panel: Teaching Children to Read. Retrieved July 27, 2004 from:
http://www.nichd.nih.gov/publications/nrp/findings.htm
52. NCPublicSchools.org. Dropout data Report 2001-2002. Gender and race, Retrieved July 29,
2003, from:
http://www.ncpublicschools.org/school=improvement/dropoutreport02/11genderrace.html
NCPublicSchools.org.(2004) (SLD in NC) Retrieved June 10, 2004, from:
http://149.168.35.67/WDS/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=11
One Hundred Fifth Congress of the United States of America (1997) Individuals with
disabilities education act amendments of 1997. Retrieved July 25, 2003 from
http://www.ed.gov/offices/OSERS/policy/IDEA/IDEA.pdf
Ochoa, T. A. (2003) Bilingual Education. In C. J. Ovando, V.P. Collier, & M.C.
Combs, Bilingual education and ESL classrooms: Teaching in multicultural
context. New York: McGraw Hill.
Reed, B. & Railsback, J. 2003. Strategies and resources for mainstream Teachers of
English Language Learners. Norwest Regional Educational Laboratory. Portland,
OR Retrieved on 03/12/2005 from:
http://www.nwrel.org/request/2003may/textonly.html
53. Wiese, A.M. & Garcia, E. (1998). The bilingual education act: Language minority students and
equal education opportunity. Bilingual Research Journal, 22, 1-13. Retrieved July 25, 2003,
from: http://brj.asu.edu/v221/articles/art1.html
Skrtic, T.M. (1988) The crisis in special education knowledge. In E.L. Meyen, and T.M. Skrtic
(Esds.), Exceptional children and youth (3rd ed.). (415-447). Denver, CO: Love Publishing
Wrigley, P.G. (2005) Language difference or disorder?: Strategies for Assessing English
Language Learners Suspected of Having a Disability. Senior IV Comprehensive
Center/ESCORT.
Editor's Notes
The processing problems can interfere with learning skills at a basic or higher level
The processing problems can interfere with learning skills at a basic or higher level