Ultrasound refers to sound waves with a frequency above the upper limit of human hearing, which is approximately 20 kHz. The document discusses several industrial applications of ultrasound sensors, including winding and unwinding detection, slope control, height measurement, position control, collision protection, level sensing, and filling sensing in industries like automotive, packaging, printing, and more. It also outlines some biomedical uses of ultrasound like pelvic imaging and lithotripsy. Ultrasound is used for range finding in SONAR systems and ultrasonic cleaning of delicate parts.