Understanding the stages of learning can help you become a better educator. Learning makes the world go around, so be sure to help your members reach their full potential by making them conscious of their level of competence. When learning how to learn a new skill, there are four basic stages: Unconscious incompetence. Conscious incompetence. Conscious competence. Unconscious competence. The term physical environment refers to the overall design and layout of a given classroom and its learning centers. Teachers should design the environment by organizing its spaces, furnishings, and materials to maximize the learning opportunities and the engagement of every child.

1. Unit-II
Teaching and Learning
Stages in Learning, Physical Environment
and well being
BY FARIDA FARAZ
PGCN

2. Objectives
By the end of this unit, the learners will be able to:
 Discuss the stages in learning
 Discuss the impact of physical environment and
emotional wellbeing on learning
 Relate the humanistic, dialectical learning theories with
physical and emotional wellbeing.
 Apply the learning strategies according to the stage of
learning

3. Key Terms
• Learning: The process in which changes occur in
knowledge, skills and behavior as a result of experience.
• Active Learning: Active learning is a process where by
students engage in activities, such as reading, writing,
discussion, or problem solving that promote analysis,
synthesis, and evaluation of class content.

4. Terms cont..
• Emotional Health: A state of emotional and
psychological well-being in which the individual is able to
cope with the normal stresses of life, work productively,
and to make a contribution to his or her community.
• Cognition is the set of all mental abilities related to
attention, memory, evaluation, reasoning, problem solving,
decision making & computation, etc

5. Terms .....
Dialectical Method of Learning:
• Learning that occurs through discussion between
two or more people.
• Dialectical method of learning allows adult
learners to exchange their ideas, concepts, personal
and professional experiences.

6. Stages of Learning

7. Competency Model
Stages of Learning

8. STAGE 1: Unconscious Incompetence
Lacking knowledge, skill and ability without conscious
awareness .We do not know what we do not know.
In this stage:
• We have little experience or skill
• We are unaware of a deficiency in the subject/skill.
• We must become conscious of our incompetence before
learning can begin and the new skill develop.
• We realize that by improving our skill or ability in this area
our effectiveness will improve. We must make a
commitment to learn and practice the new skill, and to move
to the ‘conscious competence’ stage.

9. STAGE 2: Conscious Incompetence
• As our awareness evolves into this stage, we begin to realize
how little we know.
• I know what I don’t know.
In this stage:
• Awareness of a lack in knowledge, skill and ability
• We realize that by improving our skill or ability in this area
our effectiveness will improve. We must make a
commitment to learn and practice the new skill, and to move
to the ‘conscious competence’ stage.

10. STAGE 3: Conscious Competence
Deliberate application of knowledge, Skill and ability
In this stage:
– Our confidence increases with our ability
– We need to concentrate and think in order to perform the
skill.
– We can perform the skill without assistance
– We realize how much we have learned

11. STAGE 4: Unconscious Competence
Application of knowledge, skill and ability without conscious
awareness
In this stage:
• Our confidence and ability have peaked
• We no longer have to concentrate on what we know/do
• We blend the skills together and they become habits.
• This is the stage when the skill becomes almost a habit, we
are able to be successful without concentration and our
conscious mind is free to take on other things.

12. Developmental Stages
• An individual’s developmental stage
significantly influences the ability to learn.
• Three different orientations to learning are
Pedagogy, andragogy, and gerogogy.
• To meet the health related educational needs
of learners, a developmental approach must be
used---- physical, cognitive, and psychosocial
maturation must be taken into account in each
developmental period.

13. Impact of physical environment and
emotional wellbeing on learning
• The physical environment has a powerful influence on the
learning experience, which may be either positive or
negative, depending on the architecture and design of a
building, and the effect it has on its occupants.
• The design of any building, how it evolves and how it is
furnished and maintained, are key features when
addressing both the physical and emotional well-being of
its occupants.
• This principle can be applied to all areas of life – where we
live and spend most of our time, studies, work, home life,
has a significant influence on our health and well-being.

14. Cont……
• The physical and social environment in which
staff and students spend a high proportion of
every weekday may have profound effects on
their physical, emotional and mental health, as
well as affecting their attainment.

15. Environments Conducive to
Learning
• The environment can create, promote, or detract from a
state of learning receptivity.
• Physical characteristics:
– Accessibility and availability of human and material
resources.
– Different types of behavioral rewards influence the
motivational level.
• Pleasant, comfortable, and adaptable individualized
surroundings can promote a state of readiness to learn.
• Conversely, noise, confusion, interruptions, and lack of
privacy can interfere with learning

16. Conti…..
• Physically arrangement- distractions free and
facilitates teacher-student interaction
• Create a climate in which students feel they
belong intrinsic motivation to learn.
• Set reasonable limits for behavior
• Plan activities that encourage on-task behavior
• Learners and context oriented instructional
strategies.

17. • Physical Health: A state of physical wellbeing in which a
person is physically fit to perform their daily activities
without restrictions.
• Emotional Health: The sense of wellbeing that enables a
person to have cognitive and emotional capabilities to
function in society and meets the demands of everyday life.
• An emotionally healthy person is:
• Open minded
• Open hearted
• Assertive
• Proactive
• Expresses emotions appropriately
Role of physical and emotional health in
learning

18. Didactic Method: Instructive
• Didactic Method of Learning: This is an Instructive
method that provides students with the required
theoretical knowledge.
• It is an effective method used to teach students who are
unable to organize their work and depend on the teachers
for instructions. It is also used to teach basic skills of
reading and writing.
• The teacher or the literate is the source of knowledge and
the knowledge is transmitted to the students through
didactic method.

19. Dialectical theory: Constructive
• The dialectical constructivist theory believes
that teaching should offer learners conductive
and specific practices so that they can structure
their own questions, and build their own
models and problem-solving strategies (Harris
and Graham, 1994).

20. Cont. .....
Dialectical Method of Learning:
• Learning that occurs through discussion
between two or more people.
• Dialectical method of learning allows adult
learners to exchange their ideas, concepts,
personal and professional experiences.

21. Factors Affecting Learning
There are many factors that influence learning including
ability, motivation and desire to learn. Let’s categorize these
factors as follow.
 Environmental Factors
• Temperature, Light, Noise, Silence, Design, etc.
 Emotional Factors
• Motivation,Attention, likes and dislikes, responsibility, fear
and anxiety
 Social Factors: Self, peers, and teams

22. Factors Affecting Learning cont….
 Physiological Factors
• Perceptual (learning style), Intake (food, drink), Time,
Mobility, etc.
 Cognitive Factors
Cognitive factors refer to characteristics of the person that
affect performance and learning. These factors serve to
modulate performance such that it may improve or decline.
These factors involve cognitive functions like attention,
memory, and reasoning.

23. Four Orientations to Learning
• Behaviorism " Focuses on observable behavior
• Cognitivism " Includes what is occurring within the
brain
• Humanism " Embraces personal growth and
development
• Social and Situational " Embraces the importance
of context
[Merriam and Caffarella; 1991 and 2001

24. Reference
• Nurse as Educator: Principles of Teaching and
Learning for Nursing Practice, 4th ed. written by
Susan B. Bastable
• website for Nurse as Educator book Glossary
• http://nursing.jbpub.com/nursingeducation/interact
ive_glossary.cfm?Chapter=1&step=4&resource=gl
ossary
• http://samples.jbpub.com/9780763757687/57687_
CH02_DiZazzo.pdf