The document discusses different types of operating systems, including batch, interactive, time-sharing, real-time, network, parallel, distributed, clustered, and handheld operating systems. It provides details on the key characteristics of each type, such as how batch systems work without direct user interaction, how time-sharing systems allow multiple users to access a computer simultaneously, and how distributed systems use multiple processors across a network. The document also outlines some advantages and disadvantages of these different operating system classifications.
System is a collection of programs which control the overall functions of which control the overall functions of computer.
An operating system is a program that acts as an interface between the user of a computer and the computer hardware. The purpose of operating system is to provide an environment in which a user can execute programs in a efficient manner. Operating system also acts as a platform on which various application programs such as word processor and excel are executed.
System is a collection of programs which control the overall functions of which control the overall functions of computer.
An operating system is a program that acts as an interface between the user of a computer and the computer hardware. The purpose of operating system is to provide an environment in which a user can execute programs in a efficient manner. Operating system also acts as a platform on which various application programs such as word processor and excel are executed.
A computer is a machine that can be programmed to manipulate symbols. Its principal characteristics are: It responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined manner. It can execute a prerecorded list of instructions (a program). It can quickly store and retrieve large amounts of data.
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A computer is a machine that can be programmed to manipulate symbols. Its principal characteristics are: It responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined manner. It can execute a prerecorded list of instructions (a program). It can quickly store and retrieve large amounts of data.
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An operating system (OS) is a collection of software that manages computer hardware resources and provides common services for computer programs. The operating system is an essential component of the system software in a computer system. Application programs usually require an operating system to function.
Time-sharing operating systems schedule tasks for efficient use of the system and may also include accounting software for cost allocation of processor time, mass storage, printing, and other resources.
For hardware functions such as input and output and memory allocation, the operating system acts as an intermediary between programs and the computer hardware,[1][2] although the application code is usually executed directly by the hardware and will frequently make a system call to an OS function or be interrupted by it. Operating systems can be found on almost any device that contains a computer—from cellular phones and video game consoles to supercomputers and web servers.
Examples of popular modern operating systems include Android, BSD, iOS, Linux, OS X, QNX, Microsoft Windows,[3] Windows Phone, and IBM z/OS. All these, except Windows, Windows Phone and z/OS, share roots in UNIX.
Presentation Regarding functions of operating systems and their working and other information regarding their uses and types. Useful for Students and other for knowing better about them.
Pleases Send Your Valuable Comments regarding it
Media and Information Literacy (MIL) Types of Media (Part 1)- Types of Media ...Arniel Ping
Learning Competencies
Learners will be able to…
1. identify the different types of media (SSHS);
2. classify contents of different media types (MIL11/12TYM-IIId-10);
3. discuss the effects of social media in society (SSHS); and
4. define media convergence through current examples (MIL11/12TYM-IIId-11).
I- Media
A. Types
Media and Culture
II- Media Convergence
A. Definition
B. Examples
Introduction to Operating Systems: Function, Evolution, Different Types, Desirable Characteristics and features of an O/S, Operating Systems Services: Types of Services, Different ways of providing these Services – Utility Programs, System Calls.
This is my sort note of operating system.In this note we describe our knowledge for B.Sc level. Student of B.Sc(H) Computer Science this note is good. We describe this note very easy language which the student easily understand.
Introduction to distributed systems
Architecture for Distributed System, Goals of Distributed system, Hardware and Software
concepts, Distributed Computing Model, Advantages & Disadvantage distributed system, Issues
in designing Distributed System,
Theory related to OS :
It Includes:
1. Unit I (COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEM)
2. Unit II (OPERATING SYSTEM STRUCTURE)
3. Unit III (PROCESS MANAGEMENT)
4. Unit IV (MEMORY MANAGEMENT)
5. Unit V (FILE SYSTEM)
6. Unit VI (INPUT OUTPUT SYSTEM)
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
2. Refference
Operating Systems: Operating system classifications(wikibooks.org)
OS Classification :http://www.teach-ict.com/
Modern Operating System By Andrew Tanenbaum
Operating system by william stallings.
Operating Systems By Achyut S Godbole, Achyut
Mobile operating system
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_operating_system)
3. Types Of Operating System
Batch System
Interactive System
Time Sharing
System
Real Time Sharing
System
Network System
Parallel System
Distributed
System
Clustered System
Handheld System
4. Batch Operating System
The users of batch operating system do not
interact with the computer directly.
Each user prepares his job on an off-line device
like punch cards and submits it to the computer
operator. To speed up processing, jobs with similar
needs are batched together and run as a group.
Thus, the programmers left their programs with
the operator. The operator then sorts programs
into batches with similar requirements.
5. Batch Operating System
The problems with Batch Systems are following.
Lack of interaction between the user and job.
CPU is often idle, because the speeds of the mechanical
I/O devices is slower than CPU.
Difficult to provide the desired priority
6. Interactive Operating System
In an interactive operating system, the user
interacts directly with the operating system to
supply commands and data as the application
program executes and
the user receives the results of processing
immediately. The user is in direct two way
communication with the computer
Most operating system is this type
8. Time Sharing Operating System
Time sharing is a technique which enables many people,
located at various terminals, to use a particular computer
system at the same time.
Time-sharing or multitasking is a logical extension of
multiprogramming. Processor's time which is shared
among multiple users simultaneously is termed as time-
sharing.
The main difference between Multiprogrammed Batch
Systems and Time-Sharing Systems is that in case of
Multiprogrammed batch systems, objective is to maximize
processor use, whereas in Time-Sharing Systems objective
is to minimize response time.
9. Time Sharing Operating System
Multiple jobs are executed by the CPU by switching so
frequently. Thus, the user can receives an immediate
response.
Advantages
Provide advantage of quick response.
Avoids duplication of software.
Reduces CPU idle time.
Disadvantages
Problem of reliability.
Question of security and integrity of user programs and data.
Problem of data communication.
10. Real Time Operating System
Provides environment for executing programs
Process abstraction for multitasking/concurrency
Scheduling
Hardware abstraction layer (device drivers)
File systems
Communication
11. Real Time Operating System
Mass use in Electronic Devices.
User Interface is very small
Such as X-ray, city –Scan,etc
12. Network Operating System
Runs on a server and provides server the capability to
manage data, users, groups, security, applications, and
other networking functions.
The primary purpose of the network operating system is
to allow shared file and printer access among multiple
computers in a network, typically a local area network
(LAN), a private network or to other networks.
Examples of network operating systems are Microsoft
Windows Server 2003, Microsoft Windows Server 2008,
UNIX, Linux, Mac OS X, Novell NetWare, and BSD.
13. Network Operating System
The advantages
Centralized servers are highly stable.
Security is server managed.
Upgrades to new technologies and hardware can be
easily integrated into the system.
Remote access to servers is possible from different
locations and types of systems.
The disadvantages
High cost of buying and running a server.
Dependency on a central location for most operations.
Regular maintenance and updates are required.
14. Parallel Operating System
Parallel operating systems are used to interface multiple
networked computers to complete tasks in parallel.
The architecture of the software is often a UNIX-based
platform, which allows it to coordinate distributed loads
between multiple computers in a network.
Parallel operating systems are able to use software to
manage all of the different resources of the computers
running in parallel, such as memory, caches, storage
space, and processing power.
Parallel operating systems also allow a user to directly
interface with all of the computers in the network
15. Parallel Operating System
A parallel operating system works by dividing sets of
calculations into smaller parts and distributing them
between the machines on a network. To facilitate
communication between the processor cores and memory
arrays, routing software has to either share its memory by
assigning the same address space to all of the networked
computers, or distribute its memory by assigning a different
address space to each processing core.
Scientists, researches, and industries often choose to use
parallel operating systems because of its cost effectiveness as
well. It costs far less money to assemble a parallel computer
network than it costs to develop and build a super computer
for research.
16. Distributed Operating System
Distributed systems use multiple central processors to
serve multiple real time application and multiple users.
Data processing jobs are distributed among the processors
accordingly to which one can perform each job most
efficiently.
The processors communicate with one another through
various communication lines (such as high-speed buses or
telephone lines). These are referred as loosely coupled
systems or distributed systems. Processors in a distributed
system may vary in size and function. These processors are
referred as sites, nodes, computers and so on.
17. Distributed Operating System
The advantages
With resource sharing facility user at one site may be
able to use the resources available at another.
Speedup the exchange of data with one another via
electronic mail.
If one site fails in a distributed system, the remaining
sites can potentially continue operating.
Better service to the customers.
Reduction of the load on the host computer.
Reduction of delays in data processing.
18. Clustered Operating System
Clustered computers share storage and are closely
linked via Local-area network (LAN) or a faster
interconnection.
Clustered System Combine the best feature of both
distributed OS and Multi processor system
A Group of connected computer working together
called as one unit called clustered System
19. Handheld Operating System
Handheld OS known as Mobile Operating system
such as Smartphone, tablet, PDA, or other mobile
device.
It’s a combine features of a personal computer
operating system with other features useful for mobile
or handheld use; usually including, and most of the
following considered essential in modern mobile
systems; a touchscreen, cellular, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, GPS
mobile navigation, camera, video camera, speech
recognition, voice recorder, music player, near field
communication and infrared blaster.