types of larva.pdf
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1) There are two main types of insect young - nymphs of exopterygotes which resemble adults, and larvae of endopterygotes which differ significantly from adults. 2) Larvae can be categorized based on number of legs - oligopod larvae have legs on the thorax, polypod larvae have legs on the thorax and abdomen, and apodous larvae are legless. 3) Pupae can be decticous or adecticous based on presence of mandibles, and exarate, obtect, coarctate or enclosed in a cocoon based on freedom of appendages.
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3. The types of eggs laid by insects are outlined, including singular eggs and egg masses. Different immature stages are also covered, such as larvae, nymphs, and their characteristics.
LIFE PROCESSES IN A GRASSHOPPER
This document discusses the life processes of grasshoppers. It describes grasshoppers as herbivorous insects found in green vegetation that undergo incomplete metamorphosis from egg to nymph to adult. The body of a grasshopper has three divisions - head, thorax, and abdomen. The hind legs are elongated and powerful for jumping. Females lay eggs in the soil which hatch as wingless nymphs and progress through six stages before becoming winged adults. Grasshoppers can be economically important as both a food source and agricultural pest.
ARTHROPODA.pdf
The document discusses the phylum Arthropoda, which includes insects, arachnids, crustaceans, and others. It describes their key characteristics, including a jointed exoskeleton, bilateral symmetry, and bodies divided into segments. Arthropods live in many habitats and have adaptations for respiration, circulation, reproduction, and other functions. The largest class is Insecta, including over 750,000 species, while other classes include crustaceans, centipedes, millipedes, and arachnids. Common examples of arthropods from each class are also provided.
ENT-302.pptx
This document provides an overview of the course Introductory Entomology (ENT-302). It defines entomology as the scientific study of insects and defines key characteristics of insects including their three-part body plan of head, thorax, and abdomen. The document also discusses the basic insect body plan, different types of insects, insect classification, characteristics of the phylum Arthropoda, classes within Arthropoda including insects, and comparisons of insects versus arachnids. It provides examples of insect metamorphosis and the success of insects.
The insect abdomen
This document discusses the anatomy of insect abdomens. It notes that the abdomen typically has 11 segments, though the first segment may be reduced or incorporated into the thorax. The terminal segments are often modified. Most abdominal segments lack appendages, though some primitive insects and aquatic larvae have appendages like styles or gills. The terminal segments, or terminalia, include the genital structures. These include things like cerci, the ovipositor for egg laying, and external genitalia in males and females for reproduction. The ovipositor takes two main forms and may be modified for things like sting injection in some insects.
Larval forms and their significance in arthropoda
This presentation is all about the larval forms being found in phylum arthropoda. It starts with the introduction of phylum arthropoda and then detailed information about the larval forms and their significance. i have included total 9 larval forms in this presentation.
Arthropoda
The classes in Phylum Arthropoda: class crustacea, class diplopoda, class arachnida, class chilopoda, class insecta and class merostomata
Siphonaptera & strepsiptera
This document summarizes the order Siphonaptera (fleas) and Strepsiptera (stylopids or twisted-wing parasites). It describes their key physical characteristics, lifecycles, taxonomy, and economic importance. Fleas are small, wingless blood-sucking parasites of mammals and birds. Their lifecycle involves eggs, larvae, pupae, and wingless adults. They can transmit diseases like plague. Stylopids are endoparasites of insects that undergo hypermetamorphosis, with non-feeding larval females and winged adult males. Their lifecycle and parasitic behavior induces morphological changes in their hosts. Both orders contain medically and economically important species.
Mosquitoes
This document provides an overview of mosquitoes, including:
- Mosquitoes have worldwide distribution and there are over 3,450 known species grouped by genus based on physical characteristics. The three most medically important genera are Culex, Aedes, and Anopheles.
- Mosquitoes have a four stage lifecycle - egg, larva, pupa, adult. Larvae develop through four instar stages in aquatic habitats before transforming into non-feeding pupae and then emerging as adult mosquitoes.
- Male and female mosquitoes can be distinguished by features like antennae type and mouthpart morphology. Females require blood meals for egg production while males feed on plant nectar
Animalia (Phylum Arthropoda)
Arthropods are animals with segmented bodies and jointed legs covered by an exoskeleton. They have three main body sections - head, thorax, and abdomen. They reproduce sexually and have traits like antennae, legs, compound eyes, and a tracheal respiratory system. Arthropods exhibit different life cycles from complete metamorphosis with four stages to incomplete or no metamorphosis, and the class Insecta is divided into orders based on wings, mouthparts, and metamorphosis.
Resumen unit 5
This document summarizes key facts about reptiles, amphibians, and fish. It states that vertebrates can be divided into five groups including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish. It provides details on the defining characteristics of each group such as how they breathe, whether they lay eggs or give birth to live young, their skin/scales, and number of limbs. The life cycle of frogs is also summarized in five stages from egg to adult.
Unit 3 animal kindgdom
Mammals are vertebrates that are viviparous or oviparous, breathe with lungs, have hair or fur, and feed their young milk. Birds are oviparous, have feathers and wings, and feed their young. Reptiles are oviparous or viviparous, breathe with lungs or gills, and have scales. Amphibians undergo metamorphosis, breathe with gills or lungs, and have moist skin. Arthropods are the largest invertebrate group including insects, arachnids, myriapods, and crustaceans having exoskeletons and jointed legs. Molluscs include gastropods, bival
Arthropoda
Arthropoda is coming under the Kingdom of animals,
Arthropoda is the largest group of animals. These found everywhere on the Earth.
GK. artho = jointed ; podos = foot
Hemiptera
it explains about hemipteran insect characters and its families which includes homoptera and heteroptera
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Metamorphosis, Diapause and its types; immature stages of insects
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Insect Legs.pdf
This document describes the different types of insect legs. It states that insects have three pairs of legs, one pair attached to each thoracic segment. Each leg is segmented and consists of the coxa, trochanter, femur, tibia, and tarsus. It then describes each leg segment. The rest of the document discusses various modifications to insect legs for different functions like running, walking, jumping, climbing, digging, swimming, grasping prey, and collecting pollen or food. It provides examples for each type of leg modification.
insect order.pdf
This document provides information on 32 orders of insects through their defining characteristics and etymologies of their names. It summarizes their key physical traits like antennae type, mouthpart type, wing presence and features, number of tarsal segments, and other distinguishing morphological properties. Each order's name is derived from Greek roots relating to these identifying anatomical structures.
Mouthparts of insect.pdf
1. Insects have different types of mouthparts depending on their feeding habits. The two main types are mandibulate, for feeding on solid food, and haustellate, for feeding on liquid food.
2. Examples of different mouthpart types include: biting and chewing (cockroaches, grasshoppers), piercing and sucking (plant bugs, mosquitoes), chewing and lapping (honey bees), rasping and sucking (thrips), mandibulosuctorial (antlion grubs), sponging (house flies), and siphoning (moths, butterflies).
3. Each mouthpart type is adapted to the insect's method of feeding, such as having
Insect mouthparts.pdf
This document discusses the different types of mouthparts found in insects. It describes 8 main types: biting and chewing, chewing and lapping, lacerating and sucking, piercing and sucking, sponging, siphoning, mask, and degenerate. Each type is defined and examples are provided, with grasshoppers representing the biting and chewing type. The mouthparts of honeybees are discussed as representing the chewing and lapping type. Thrips are given as an example of the lacerating and sucking type.
insect antenne-.pdf
The document discusses the structure and functions of insect antennae. It notes that antennae are borne from the second head segment and function primarily for sensory perception. The main parts of antennae are the scape, pedicel, and flagellum. Antennae allow insects to detect smells, sounds, humidity, mates, food, and danger. Their shape varies between insect orders and can be filiform, setaceous, moniliform, capitate, clavate, lamellate, serrate, pectinate, geniculate, bipectinate, aristate, or stylate depending on the insect. Antennae play important sensory roles in insect behavior and survival.
Insect Antennae.pdf
Antennae are paired appendages on the head of insects that serve sensory functions. They are segmented and consist of three parts: the scape, pedicel, and flagellum. Antennae detect smells, tastes, sounds, and help with tasks like finding food and mates. Their structure varies between insect orders and species, with different types including setaceous, filiform, moniliform, and clavate antennae. Antennae have adaptations for their specific habitats and behaviors.
insectheadantenna.pdf
The insect head is composed of sclerites that form the cranium. There are three main types of insect heads - hypognathous, prognathous, and opisthognathous - which differ in the orientation of the mouthparts. Antennae are jointed sensory appendages found in pairs on the insect head. They can have various shapes including filiform, capitate, clavate, geniculate, moniliform, pectinate, serrate, aristate, plumose, lamellate, and flabellate. The basic segments of antennae are the scape, pedicel, and multiple flagellomeres.
Insect wing copulation.pdf
Wings enable insects to fly and are a flattened double-layered expansion of the exoskeleton. They contain longitudinal and cross veins and are nourished by blood circulation. Wing types include tegmina, elytra, hemelytra, halteres, fringed wings, and scaly wings. Wing coupling mechanisms like hamulate, amplexiform, frenate, and jugate allow the fore and hind wings to move synchronously in higher insects.
External Morphology of Red Cotton Bug.pptx
Mole crickets belong to the family Gryllotalpidae in the order Orthoptera. They have cylindrical brown bodies around 3 to 5 cm long. They have chewing mouthparts oriented below the head and long antennae and proboscis. Their eyes are compound and their legs are adapted for digging with the front legs and running with the back legs. Their forewings are thickened tegmina while their hindwings are membranous. They have cerci on their abdomen.
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This document discusses the role of parasitoids and predators in arthropod pest management. It covers definitions and concepts of biological control strategies including classical biological control, augmentation, and conservation. Classical biological control involves importing natural enemies from other regions to control exotic pests. Augmentation aims to increase natural enemy populations through periodic releases. Conservation modifies pesticide use and farming practices to preserve existing natural enemies. The document provides examples of successful classical biological control projects and challenges with mass rearing natural enemies for augmentation.
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The Petroleum System of the Çukurova Field - the Shallowest Oil Discovery of Türkiye, Adana
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
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二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
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四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
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◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
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◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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Masking agent, Demasking agents
formation of complex
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Indicators/Metal ion indicators/ Metallochromic indicators/pM indicators,
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Instrumental Techniques-Photometry
Potentiometry
Miscellaneous methods.
Complex titration with EDTA.
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
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THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan,kP,Pakistan
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skillsThe use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
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s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
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massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
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留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
bordetella pertussis.................................ppt
Bordettela is a gram negative cocobacilli spread by air born drop let
Bob Reedy - Nitrate in Texas Groundwater.pdf
Presented at June 6-7 Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts Business Meeting
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvement
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
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the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
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(Work in progress.)
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Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...
The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
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types of larva.pdf
- 1. Topic- TYPES OF LARVAE AND PUPAE Asst. Professor – Mr. Jagmeet Singh Department of Entomology University College of Agriculture
- 2. Nymph vs. Larva Young one of exopterygote insects Resemble adults and differs from the adult with regard to the wings and genitalia Food habits of nymph is same as adult Mouthparts are similar to those of adults Nymph have 3 pairs of thoracic legs as in adults Example - Exopterygote Young one of endopterygote insects Differs from adults in appearance. Food habits of larva is totally different from its adult Mouth parts are different from adults in most cases Number of legs in larva are variable from 0-11 pairs in various orders, and legs are present in both thorax and abdomen Example - Endopterygote
- 3. Types of larvae 1. Oligopod larvae 2. Polypod larvae 3. Apodous larvae
- 4. 1. Oligopod larvae • Thoracic legs present, but abdominal legs absent • Oligopod larvae is hexapodus with well developed head capsule. • Mouthparts similar to adult with no compound eyes. • Well developed head capsule and its appendages Types :- Two types 1. Campodeiform 2. Scarabaeiform
- 5. Campodeiform larva Straight body Thoracic legs relatively well developed and long Usually active Mostly predators Examples - Neuroptera, Trichoptera, Coccinellid beetles, Ground beetles Larva of Lady bird beetle
- 6. Scarabaeiform larva C shaped body Head-Hypognathous Thoracic legs relatively reduced, short Inactive Mostly phytophagous Ex; Coleoptera Larva of White grub
- 7. Elateriform Elongate, Cylindrical, smooth and shiny Larva of click beetle
- 8. 2.Polypod larvae Both thoracic legs as well as abdominal legs present Well developed segmentation in thorax and abdomen Generally Phytophagous Types – 3 types 1. Caterpillar 2. Semi- looper 3. Looper larvae of Lepidoptera
- 9. Caterpillar Larva of Cabbage butterfly Pro-legs five pairs One pair each on 3-6 and 10th abdominal segment
- 10. Semi-looper Cotton Semi-looper Pro-legs three pairs One each on 5th, 6th and 10th abdominal segment
- 11. Looper Inchworm Pro-legs two pairs One each on 6th and 10th abdominal segment
- 12. 3. Apodous larvae Legs absent poorly sclerotized. Types :- Three types 1. Acephalous 2. Hemicephalous 3. Eucephalous
- 13. Larva of House fly Acephalous The have a greatly reduced head, completely enclosed into the thorax.
- 14. Larva of striped horse fly Hemicephalous The have a reduced head, poorly developed in the posterior portion
- 15. Eucephalous The have a well developed head Larva of mosquito
- 16. Pupa is a non feeding and inactive stage of insect between the larva and adult with complete metamorphosis. Types based on A. presence or absence of mandibles 1. Decticous 2. Adecticous B. Whether the appendages are free or adhere to the body 1. Exarate 2. Obtect 3. Coarctate 4. Cocoon Pupa
- 17. 1. Based on presence or absence of mandibles
- 18. . 1. Decticous Presence of articulated mandibles . e.g. Lace wing, Scorpion flies
- 19. 2. Adectious Absence of articulated mandibles. Pupa of lady bird beetle
- 20. 2. Based on whether the appendages are free or adhere to the body
- 21. 1. Exarate The appendages are free and not encapsulated with in a cocoon. Decticous pupae are always exarate Pupa of Honey bee
- 22. Obtect The appendages are close to the body and are commonly encapsulated with in pupal case . Pupa of Neem looper
- 23. Coarctate the appendages are not visible. The pupa is enclosed in a puparium, formed from the last larval skin. This is clearly adecticous exarate pupa. Pupa of housefly
- 24. Cocoon Obtect pupa enclosed by protective silken or earthen case or cocoon Cocoon of Silk moth