Animalia (Phylum Arthropoda)
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Arthropods are animals with segmented bodies and jointed legs covered by an exoskeleton. They have three main body sections - head, thorax, and abdomen. They reproduce sexually and have traits like antennae, legs, compound eyes, and a tracheal respiratory system. Arthropods exhibit different life cycles from complete metamorphosis with four stages to incomplete or no metamorphosis, and the class Insecta is divided into orders based on wings, mouthparts, and metamorphosis.
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D I V E R S I T Y I N L I V I N G O R G A N I S M S ( I I T E R M )
The document provides an overview of the classification of living organisms, including plants and animals. It discusses the main kingdoms of plants (Thallophyta, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, etc.) and their characteristics. It also outlines the animal kingdom from simplest to most complex, discussing key phyla such as Porifera, Coelenterata, Platyhelminthes, etc. It concludes with describing the characteristics of main classes of vertebrates like Reptilia, Aves, Mammalia.
Metamorphosis
Metamorphosis refers to the process of physical transformation an animal undergoes after birth or hatching. There are three main types of metamorphosis: ametabolous (little change), hemimetabolous (simple/partial change), and holometabolous (complete change). Holometabolous insects undergo the most dramatic transformation, changing from an egg to a larva, then a pupa, and finally an adult. This allows insects to exploit different food sources and habitats at each life stage, reducing competition within species.
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Animalia (Phylum Arthropoda)
- 2. Arthropods are animal with jointed legs. Body Segment into two or three sections, and covered with exoskeleton that may be composed of chitin or biomineralized with calcium carbonate
- 3. The exoskeleton protects the organs, gives support to the body, allows efficient locomotion. Arthropods are dioecious. Fertilization is either internal or external Arthropods have three or more pairs of legs attached to the thorax or abdominal region.
- 5. Have the following characteristics: The presence of three distinct body divisions: head, thorax and abdomen One pair of antennae Mouth parts composed of one pair of mandibles and one pair of maxillae that are adapted for chewing, sucking and biting Three pairs of legs on thorax
- 6. A pair of compound eyes Tracheal respiratory system composed of tubes, with holes (spiracles) through the body that admit air. Presence of wings that may be one pair or two pairs and may vary in texture A life cycle (metamorphosis) that may be holometabolous and hemimetabolous. Other species do not undergo a life cycle or ametabolous.
- 7. - It refers to the stages in the development of an insect. The stages in metamorphosis are: egg, larva, pupa and adult - Each stage in the life cycle bears no resemblance to their adult parents. - Metamorphosis consisting of all these three stages is described as complete metamorphosis or holometabola
- 9. Some insects undergo incomplete metamorphosis or hemimetabola when the larval stage is not conspicuous. The young called nymph (if terrestrial) or naiad (if aquatic) that emerges from the egg resembles the parent, but differs only in size and in the presence of some parts
- 11. In other insects, the young that emerges from the egg undergoes little or no structural changes, as they grow older. Such pattern of development is called ametabola
- 12. Class Insecta is divided into different orders. The members of the different orders differ in the number and type of wings, type of mouthparts and type of metamorphosis.