This document discusses two types of metal cutting methods: orthogonal cutting and oblique cutting. Orthogonal cutting involves a perpendicular cutting edge where only two cutting force components act in a plane. Oblique cutting features an inclined cutting edge where three mutually perpendicular cutting force components act and the cutting edge may not clear the entire workpiece width. Examples of orthogonal cutting include lathe cut-off operations while oblique cutting includes farming and milling where multiple cutting edges are often involved.

1. Orthogonal And Oblique
Cutting
Anil B. Aasodariya
150010119001
Production Technology
ME (02)

2.  Metal Cutting Process
→ In metal cutting process a sharp edged cutting tool is
made to cut the metal.
→ A tool must be harder than workpiece and it put in a
interference condition with workpiece.
→ By tool force metal comes in compression near the tool
tip, which produces shear-type deformation within the
metal.
→ In the metal cutting process, the tool is wedge-shaped and
has a straight cutting edge.

3. → Basically, There are two type of methods of metal cutting
depending upon the arrangement of the cutting edge with
respect to the direction of relative work-tool motion.
→ There are two types of metal cutting methods as follow:-
1. Orthogonal Cutting & Two Dimensional Cutting
2. Oblique Cutting & Three Dimensional Cutting

4. 1. Orthogonal Cutting
→ The essential features of orthogonal or two dimensional cutting
are as under.
• The cutting edge of the tool is perpendicular to the cutting
velocity vector.
• The direction of chip flow velocity is normal to the cutting edge.
• The cutting edge clear the width of the workpiece on either
ends. There is no side flow.
• Only two components of the cutting forces are acting on tool,
which are perpendicular to each other and can be represented
in a plane. (x,y)

5. • Tool is
perfectly sharp
and contacts
the chip on
rakeface only.
e.g Lathe cut
off opstain,
straight
Milling.

6. 2. Oblique Cutting
→ The essential features of orthogonal or two dimensional
cutting are as under.
• The cutting edge is inclined at an angle “ i ” with the normal to
the cutting velocity vector.
• The chip flow on tool face making an angle with the normal on
the cutting edge. The angle being measured in the plane of the
tool face.
• The cutting edge may or may not clear the width of the
workpiece.
• Three components of the cutting forces are acting on the cutting
edge. The components are mutually perpendicular to each
other.

7. • The tool may or may
not generate a
surface parallel to
workface.
• The maximum chip
thickness may not
occur at the middle.
• Frequently, more
than one cutting
edges are in action.
e.g Faming, Milling.

8. Thank You