This document discusses oblique machining processes. It begins by defining orthogonal and oblique cutting, with oblique cutting having the cutting edge at an angle other than 90 degrees to the cutting velocity. It describes how in oblique cutting the chip forms in a helical pattern at an inclination angle. The document outlines different methods for determining the chip flow angle in oblique cutting, including observing tool scratches or photographing the process. It also discusses the various rake angles involved in oblique cutting, such as the normal, velocity, and effective rake angles.

1. OBLIQUE MACHINING
MD AZAD ALAM
M.TECH (IND.&PROD.)
11 MEM-241
Z.H.C.E.T , A.M.U
ALIGARH

2. DESIGNING OF
TRANSMISSION LINE
 Chapter-1 Selection of system design
 Chapter-2 Insulator design
 Chapter-3 Conductor
 Chapter-4 Mechanical design of transmission line
 Chapter-5 Tower design
 Chapter-6 Performance of transm

3.  Chapter-1 Selection of system design
 Chapter-2 Insulator design
 Chapter-3 Conductor
 Chapter-4 Mechanical design of
transmission line
 Chapter-5 Tower design
 Chapter-6 Performance of transmission line

4. Machining processes:
 Metals come in its usable form
through various processes by machine
tools.
 Machining processes remove
material from a workpiece.
 CUTTING:
 ABRASIVE:
 NONTRADITIONAL:

5. Metal cutting:
 Metals cutting has thus become an
indispensable to the modern industry.

6. Mechanics of Cutting

7. METAL CUTTING
1. ORTHOGONAL CUTTING
Tool is perpendicular to the cutting speed direction.
2. OBLIQUE CUTTING
Angle between the cutting edge and cutting velocity
vector is different from 90 degree.

8. Fundamentals of Cutting
 Oblique Cutting.
◦ THREE DIMENTIONAL
◦ INCLINATION ANGLE
 Cutting Forces and Power.
◦ MACHINE TOOL SELECTION
◦ DYNAMOMETER
◦ MANY VARIABLES
 FRICTION
 CUTTING FLUIDS
 TOOL SHARPNESS
 PROCESS

9. Oblique cutting
 The majority of machining operations involve
tool shapes that are three-dimensional, thus
the cutting is oblique.
 Whereas in orthogonal cutting, the chip slides
directly up the face of the tool, in oblique
cutting, the chip is helical and at an angle
i, called the inclination angle.
 Fig .(a) shows the schematic illustration of
cutting with an oblique tool. Note the direction
of chip movement. (b) Top view, showing the
inclination angle, i. (c) Types of chips produced
with tools at increasing inclination angles.

10. Chip Formation in Nonmetallic Materials
Fig: a) cutting with an oblique tool b) Top view showing the inclination
angle, i.
c) Types of chips produced with different inclination

11. Types of chips produced in metal cutting

12. Oblique cutting
 Note that the chip in Fig.(a) flows up the rake face of
the tool at angle (chip flow angle), which is
measured in the plane of the tool face.
 Angle αi is the normal rake angle, and it is a basic
geometric property of the tool.
 This is the angle between line oz normal to the
workpiece surface and line oa on the tool face.
 The effective rake angle, αe is
1
e sin sin 2 i cos 2 i sin i

13. Mechanism of Oblique Cutting
 The cutting edge is at an angle i, called inclination
angle.
 The chip movement is in lateral direction
Fig: a)right hand cutting tool.Although these tools have traditionally been
produced from solids tool-steel bars,they have been largely replaced by
carbide or other inserts of various shapes and sizes,as shownin b).The
vcarious angles on these tools and their effects on machining are described

14. Oblique cutting
 Fig.(a) shows the schematic illustration
of a right-hand cutting tool. The various
angles on these tools and their effects
on machining.
 Although these tools traditionally have
been produced from solid tool-steel
bars, they have been replaced largely
with Fig 21.10(b) inserts made of
carbides and other materials of various
shapes and sizes.

15. DIRECTION OF CHIP FLOW
 Chip flow angle An important
variable in oblique cutting & hence its
determination.
 METHODS TO DETERMINE THE CHIP
FLOW ANGLE.
 By observing the direction of scratches
produced on the tool.
 By taking photographs of cutting process.
 By analyzing the deformation of chip.
 By analyzing the cutting forces.

16. RAKE ANGLES IN OBLIQUE CUTTING
 The different rake angles in oblique
cutting .
1. Normal rake angle .
2. Velocity rake angle.
3. Effective rake angle.

17. REFRENCES
 Juneja ,B.L ; and G.S.
Sekhon,Fundamentals of metal
cutting and machine tools .

,Manufacturing science.

18. THANK YOU