Television became widely available in the United States in the late 1930s and 1940s. By the 1960s, over 90% of homes had a TV. Key moments in TV history included live coverage of historical events like the Kennedy assassination. TV viewing increased dramatically from the 1940s-1960s and now over 99% of homes have a TV. While TV was once the dominant news source, the Internet is increasingly important for getting news with over 60% of Americans now using online sources for news.

1. TV History and UseTV History and Use

2. Development of TelevisionDevelopment of Television
 Mechanical Television (Paul Nipkow)Mechanical Television (Paul Nipkow)
 Several different scientists worked onSeveral different scientists worked on
system of scanning to produce televisionsystem of scanning to produce television
pictures betweenpictures between 18841884 and the lateand the late 19201920s.s.

3. Development of TelevisionDevelopment of Television
 Electronic TelevisionElectronic Television
• Philo T. FarnsworthPhilo T. Farnsworth: considered the: considered the “father” of“father” of
electronic televisionelectronic television
 Substantial progress in development of electroSubstantial progress in development of electro
 NBC began regularly scheduled broadcastsNBC began regularly scheduled broadcasts
at the NY World's Fair in 1939at the NY World's Fair in 1939
• RCA provided regular 2 hour broadcasts onRCA provided regular 2 hour broadcasts on
NBC.NBC.
• WWII slowed progress between 1939-1945WWII slowed progress between 1939-1945

4. LicensingLicensing
 FCC granted the first 2 commercialFCC granted the first 2 commercial
licenses in 1941.licenses in 1941.
 By the end of WWII in 1945, thereBy the end of WWII in 1945, there
were 9 commercial stations with FCCwere 9 commercial stations with FCC
licenses, and 6 were on the air.licenses, and 6 were on the air.
 Licensing helped bring aboutLicensing helped bring about
standards (standards (NTSCNTSC))

5. Growth of TVGrowth of TV
19461946 .02% of homes.02% of homes
19501950 9%9%
19511951 23.5%23.5%
19601960 90%90%
19801980 98%98%
20082008 99%99%

6. Defining Moments in TVDefining Moments in TV
Public EventsPublic Events
 19631963 Kennedy AssassinationKennedy Assassination
 1963 Nov 241963 Nov 24 Lee Harvey OswaldLee Harvey Oswald
assassinationassassination
 1986 Jan 281986 Jan 28 ExplosionExplosion of Challengerof Challenger
space shuttlespace shuttle
 1989 Nov 91989 Nov 9 Fall of the Berlin WallFall of the Berlin Wall

1991 Jan-Feb1991 Jan-Feb News Coverage of First GulfNews Coverage of First Gulf
WarWar

7. Defining Moments in TVDefining Moments in TV
• 1995 Apr 191995 Apr 19 Oklahoma City BombingOklahoma City Bombing
Oct. 3Oct. 3 O.J. Simpson trial/verdictO.J. Simpson trial/verdict
• 19971997 Princess Di's death andPrincess Di's death and
funeralfuneral
• 19981998 Clinton Impeachment/Clinton Impeachment/
Lewinsky ScandalLewinsky Scandal
• 19991999
Killing spree at Columbine High School in ColoradoKilling spree at Columbine High School in Colorado

8. Defining Moments in TVDefining Moments in TV
 2000 Nov2000 Nov Presidential Election count/FloridaPresidential Election count/Florida
 2001 Sept 112001 Sept 11
Terrorist Attack on World Trade CenterTerrorist Attack on World Trade Center
 2003 Mar 192003 Mar 19 US started war with IraqUS started war with Iraq
 Dec 14Dec 14 Capture of Saddam HusseinCapture of Saddam Hussein
 2003 Feb 12003 Feb 1 Explosion of Shuttle ColumbiaExplosion of Shuttle Columbia
 2006 Dec 302006 Dec 30 Execution of Saddam HusseinExecution of Saddam Hussein
 2007 April 162007 April 16 Virginia Tech ShootingVirginia Tech Shooting
 2011 May 22011 May 2 President ObamaPresident Obama’’
s bin Laden speechs bin Laden speech

9. SPORTS EVENTSSPORTS EVENTS
 20012001
Dale Earnhardt death at the Daytona 500Dale Earnhardt death at the Daytona 500
 2004 Feb 12004 Feb 1
Janet Jackson's "wardrobe malfunction" during SuperJanet Jackson's "wardrobe malfunction" during Super
 2006-20072006-2007 UF wins national footballUF wins national football
championship and two nationalchampionship and two national
basketball championshipsbasketball championships

10. ENTERTAINMENTENTERTAINMENT
2000 May 312000 May 31 SurvivorSurvivor on CBS starts Reality TVon CBS starts Reality TV
fadfad
2003 Jan2003 Jan U2's Bono used the F word on TVU2's Bono used the F word on TV
and the FCC decides to crackand the FCC decides to crack
downdown
Feb 27Feb 27 Death of Mr. Rogers from theDeath of Mr. Rogers from the
children's programchildren's program
Sept 1Sept 1
Britney Spears and Madonna kiss on MTV Music AwardBritney Spears and Madonna kiss on MTV Music Award

11. The American Media DietThe American Media Diet
TV Market PenetrationTV Market Penetration
 111.4 million TV households in the111.4 million TV households in the
United States:United States:
• 285 million sets285 million sets
• 99% have color TV99% have color TV
• average = 2.24TVs in every homeaverage = 2.24TVs in every home
 75% had cable by 200075% had cable by 2000
 98% of families w/ children had98% of families w/ children had
VCRs by 1999VCRs by 1999
 81% of homes in 2006 had DVD81% of homes in 2006 had DVD
 DVR: 7% by 2005, 30% by 2008DVR: 7% by 2005, 30% by 2008

12. TV UsageTV Usage
 In the average home the TV is on moreIn the average home the TV is on more
than 7 and 8 hours per day.than 7 and 8 hours per day.
 Who watches the most TV?Who watches the most TV?
1. senior citizens1. senior citizens
2. children up to age 122. children up to age 12
3. women3. women
4. ethnic minorities4. ethnic minorities
5. poor5. poor

14. Comparisons with Other Media:Comparisons with Other Media:
RadioRadio
 Radio became widely available in theRadio became widely available in the
1920's.1920's.
 Most available of all media worldwideMost available of all media worldwide
 Traditionally/Historically, teenagersTraditionally/Historically, teenagers
listened most, but is this still truelistened most, but is this still true
today?today?
 Entertainment and InformationEntertainment and Information
SourceSource

15. NewspapersNewspapers
 NewspaperNewspaper readership has been falling.readership has been falling.
1970 78% read a daily newspaper1970 78% read a daily newspaper
1997 59%1997 59%
2007 48%2007 48%
 Readership by age groupReadership by age group
 More local and regional informationMore local and regional information
 Readers are older, male, better educated,Readers are older, male, better educated,
Caucasian, higher socio-economic status.Caucasian, higher socio-economic status.
 Sports section most readSports section most read

17. MagazinesMagazines
 11,000 different publications in11,000 different publications in
1990s (2007 trend)1990s (2007 trend)
 most narrow and segmentedmost narrow and segmented

18. Computer-MediatedComputer-Mediated
CommunicationCommunication
American MarketAmerican Market
 19951995 10% in US had Internet10% in US had Internet
accessaccess
 20002000 42% had home Internet42% had home Internet
 20032003 >50% had Internet access>50% had Internet access
 2007 71% had home Internet2007 71% had home Internet
 2008 60% use broadband at home2008 60% use broadband at home
 Internet used mostly for email, games,Internet used mostly for email, games,
social network sites, chat, IM, accessingsocial network sites, chat, IM, accessing
databases, discussion groups – News?databases, discussion groups – News?

19. Source of NewsSource of News
Roper Studies: TIORoper Studies: TIO
News/What's Going on in the WorldNews/What's Going on in the World
1959 1963 19781959 1963 1978 19881988
TVTV 51% 55%51% 55% 67%67% 65%65%
NwpNwp 5757 5353 4949 4242
RadioRadio 3434 2929 2020 1414
MagMag 88 66 55 44

20. 2008 News and Information2008 News and Information
Sources – Pew ResearchSources – Pew Research

21. Credibility/BelievabilityCredibility/Believability
1959 1961 19821959 1961 1982 19881988
TVTV 29% 39%29% 39% 53%53% 49%49%
NwpNwp 3232 2424 2222 2626
RadioRadio 1212 1212 66 77
MagMag 1010 1717 88 55

22. TV and Internet News CredibilityTV and Internet News Credibility
Pew ResearchPew Research

23. Major News SourcesMajor News Sources
Regularly watchRegularly watch
read, listen to...read, listen to... 1996 1998 2000 2004 20061996 1998 2000 2004 2006
Major news sourcesMajor news sources %% %% %% % %% %
Local TV newsLocal TV news 6565 6464 56 5956 59 5454
Network newsNetwork news 4242 3838 30 3230 32 3434
NewspaperNewspaper 5050 4848 47 4247 42 4040
Mag (Time/Nsw)Mag (Time/Nsw) 1515 1515 12 1312 13 ----
Internet NewsInternet News 25 2925 29 3131

24. 2007 Regular News2007 Regular News
ConsumptionConsumption
 Local TV NewsLocal TV News 71%71%
 Daily NewspaperDaily Newspaper 54%54%
 Network NewsNetwork News 46%46%
 Fox NewsFox News 43%43%
 CNN NewsCNN News 39%39%
 Online/Google, YahooOnline/Google, Yahoo 25%25%
 TV News Web siteTV News Web site 22%22%
 Daily Show/ColbertDaily Show/Colbert 16%16%
 Newsp. Web siteNewsp. Web site 12%12%

27. 2010 Where Americans Get News2010 Where Americans Get News
Pew ResearchPew Research
 78% from a local TV station78% from a local TV station
 73% national network or cable TV73% national network or cable TV
 61% get some kind of news online61% get some kind of news online
 54% listen to a radio news program54% listen to a radio news program
 50% read news in a local newspaper50% read news in a local newspaper
 17% read national newspaper such17% read national newspaper such
as the New York Times or USAas the New York Times or USA
Today.Today.

28. In-depth news sourcesIn-depth news sources
1996 1998 2000 2002 20041996 1998 2000 2002 2004
%% %% %% % %% %
NPRNPR 1313 1515 1515 1616 1616
PBSPBS 4 44 4 55 55 55
C-SPANC-SPAN 66 44 44 55 55

29. Specialized NewsSpecialized News
%% 20042004
Weather ChannelWeather Channel 3131
ESPNESPN 2020
Entertainment TVEntertainment TV 1010
Business magazinesBusiness magazines 44
Religious radioReligious radio 1111
Get news online 3 orGet news online 3 or
more days per weekmore days per week 2929

30. Generational Differences inGenerational Differences in
Networks and CableNetworks and CableNewsNews
Watch regularly...Watch regularly... %%
118-29 30-49 50-64 65+8-29 30-49 50-64 65+ DiffDiff**
NetworkNetwork
20042004 1818 2626 4343 5656 +38+38
Cable TVCable TV
20042004 2929 3737 4040 46 +46 +1717
* Percentage point gap between the youngest and oldest viewers.* Percentage point gap between the youngest and oldest viewers.

31. Average Minutes per DayAverage Minutes per Day
All News—TV, newspapers, radio, onlineAll News—TV, newspapers, radio, online
19941994 20042004 diff.diff.
18-2418-24 5151 3535 -16-16
25-2925-29 6262 4545 -17-17
30-3430-34 6565 5959 - 6- 6
35-4935-49 7474 6666 - 8- 8
50-6450-64 8383 7676 - 7- 7
65+65+ 9090 8585 - 5- 5

32. News Consumption by AgeNews Consumption by Age
Pew Research 2008Pew Research 2008

33. Gender Gap in NewsGender Gap in News
Men WomenMen Women DiffDiff
Regularly use %Regularly use %
Newspaper*Newspaper* 4747 3737 -10-10
Radio news*Radio news* 4545 3636 - 9- 9
News online+News online+ 3333 2525 - 8- 8
Talk radioTalk radio 2121 1313 - 8- 8
Cable newsCable news 4141 3535 - 6- 6
Local TV newsLocal TV news 5656 6161 + 5+ 5
Nightly network newsNightly network news 3030 3737 + 7+ 7
Network news magazinesNetwork news magazines 1717 2626 + 9+ 9
Network morning showsNetwork morning shows 1616 2828 ++1212