This document provides information about plagiarism and proper citation. It defines plagiarism as using someone else's ideas or words without giving them proper credit. The document discusses real world examples of plagiarism and Towson University's academic integrity policy. It also provides information about the American Psychological Association (APA) citation style and examples of both properly and improperly cited work.
Este es un sucinto estudio comparado de los requisitos que imponen algunas legislaciones en América Latina para permitir la particiación de los partidos en las elecciones, para que éstos ser acreedores de financiamiento público y para tener acceso a la representación parlamentaria. La fuente es el manual de Legislaciones Electorales de America Latina. Dieter Nohlen.
Este es un sucinto estudio comparado de los requisitos que imponen algunas legislaciones en América Latina para permitir la particiación de los partidos en las elecciones, para que éstos ser acreedores de financiamiento público y para tener acceso a la representación parlamentaria. La fuente es el manual de Legislaciones Electorales de America Latina. Dieter Nohlen.
A non-technical overview of Large Language Models, exploring their potential, limitations, and customization for specific challenges. While this deck is tailored for an audience from the financial industry in mind, its content remains broadly applicable.
(Note: Discover a slightly updated version of this deck at slideshare.net/LoicMerckel/introduction-to-llms.)
Slide 1:
Communication in 2023
Ashley Elgin
Slide 2:
What will the communication technology landscape look like in 2023 A.D.?
Slide 3:
Before we look to the future of technology, we must examine the past.
1983: Apple Lisa
The first commercial computer with a graphical user interface (GUI) — the advance that would finally make computers usable by people with no special training. The name was the acronym for “Local Integrated Software Architecture” and possibly the daughter of someone on the development team (Steve Jobs). The computer was $10,000 and only sold 10,000 of them.
1993: Polaroid, Powerbook and pagers
JVC Video Camcorder, Apple PowerBook 160, Polaroid OneStep, Sony Sports Walkman cassette player and a pager.
2003: The iTunes Music Store was launched.
At the time, “For every 99 cents Apple gets from your credit card, 65 cents goes straight to the music label. Another quarter or so gets eaten up by distribution costs. At most, Jobs is left with a dime per track, so even $500 million in annual sales would add up to a paltry $50 million profit. Why even bother? "Because we're selling iPods," Jobs says, grinning.”
Slide 4:
Phones-
iPhone 5
Samsung Galaxy
Computers-
Windows 8
Apple
Tablets-
iPad
Kindle
Nook
Slide 5: Phone
Slide 6: Computers
Slide 7: Tablets
Slide 8: Critical Mass Theory
Slide 9: Moore’s Innovation Adoption Rate
Slide 10: Media System Dependency Theory
Slide 11: Continued
Slide 12: Works Cited
A non-technical overview of Large Language Models, exploring their potential, limitations, and customization for specific challenges. While this deck is tailored for an audience from the financial industry in mind, its content remains broadly applicable.
(This updated version builds on our previous deck: slideshare.net/LoicMerckel/intro-to-llms.)
At the start of 2010 this is one perspective on what to be watching and perhaps working on in 2010. Prepared for a team workshop at Netskills, UK, January 2010, to kick the new year and decade off with some thought.
Slide 1:
Communication in 2023
Ashley Elgin
Slide 2:
What will the communication technology landscape look like in 2023 A.D.?
Slide 3:
Before we look to the future of technology, we must examine the past.
1983: Apple Lisa
The first commercial computer with a graphical user interface (GUI) — the advance that would finally make computers usable by people with no special training. The name was the acronym for “Local Integrated Software Architecture” and possibly the daughter of someone on the development team (Steve Jobs). The computer was $10,000 and only sold 10,000 of them.
1993: Polaroid, Powerbook and pagers
JVC Video Camcorder, Apple PowerBook 160, Polaroid OneStep, Sony Sports Walkman cassette player and a pager.
2003: The iTunes Music Store was launched.
At the time, “For every 99 cents Apple gets from your credit card, 65 cents goes straight to the music label. Another quarter or so gets eaten up by distribution costs. At most, Jobs is left with a dime per track, so even $500 million in annual sales would add up to a paltry $50 million profit. Why even bother? "Because we're selling iPods," Jobs says, grinning.”
Slide 4:
Phones-
iPhone 5
Samsung Galaxy
Computers-
Windows 8
Apple
Tablets-
iPad
Kindle
Nook
Slide 5: Phone
Slide 6: Computers
Slide 7: Tablets
Slide 8: Critical Mass Theory
Slide 9: Moore’s Innovation Adoption Rate
Slide 10: Media System Dependency Theory
Slide 11: Contiued
Slide 12: Works Cited
APRIL 22, 2013, 1123 P.M. After a hectic day, an exhausted .docxShiraPrater50
APRIL 22, 2013, 11:23 P.M. After a hectic day, an exhausted Tim Cook is arriving back at Apple’s headquar-
ters in Cupertino, California. The Apple CEO is trying to find some quiet time to look over the day’s events and
handle some e-mails. Having joined Apple in 1998 as Senior Vice President of Worldwide Operations, Cook had
been appointed CEO based on the recommendation of Steve Jobs, who lost his battle with cancer a few weeks
after resigning from the top spot in August 2011. Cook had been filling in as CEO while Jobs had been on medical
leave. Cook was a low-profile, but high-impact executive at Apple who was responsible for restructuring Apple’s
supply chain, which had allowed Jobs to focus on high-profile product launches. Moreover, Apple’s now super-
efficient supply chain also increased its profitability tremendously.
Steve Jobs had led Apple through a period of innovation that saw the introduction of category-defining prod-
ucts such as the iPod, iPhone, and iPad and disruptive business models complementary to those products, such
as the Apple Retail Store and the iTunes online store. iTunes had started by selling music for Apple’s iPods and
later expanded into books, movies, television shows, and applications for all of Apple’s iOS devices. Apple’s
competitive advantage under Jobs was the ability to continually innovate, but Cook couldn’t help but wonder if
such success was sustainable, especially without Jobs.
Just the previous September, to great fanfare and expectations, Apple had launched the new iPhone 5. In his
presentation to an exuberant crowd of loyal Apple devotees in San Francisco’s Moscone Center that day, Cook
had highlighted Apple’s great performance by focusing on its retail stores and the sales of Mac notebooks and
iPads. In particular, Cook had emphasized the performance of Apple’s 380 retail stores in 12 countries around the
world. 1 An astounding 83 million people had visited Apple retail stores in the preceding quarter, which equates to
almost one million people a day, on average. In addition, he had stated that Apple ranked number one in notebook
sales in the United States, with 27 percent market share. That represented a notebook sales growth of 15 percent a
year. Cook had also commented on the iPad, crediting it with creating a post-PC revolution. Having sold
17 million iPads between April and June 2012, Apple claimed 68 percent market share in tablet computers. In
addition, the iPad accounted for 91 percent of web traffic by all tablets, which Cook attributed to the then over
700,000 iOS applications (apps) available to Apple users. A whopping 94 percent of Fortune 100 companies had
begun deploying Apple iPads in the workplace, many with customized apps to provide enterprise-specific busi-
ness solutions. “To put this achievement in some perspective, we sold more iPads than any PC manufacturer sold
of their entire PC lineup,” Cook said. 2 By June 2012, Apple had sold a total o ...
APRIL 22, 2013, 1123 P.M. After a hectic day, an exhausted .docxaryan532920
APRIL 22, 2013, 11:23 P.M. After a hectic day, an exhausted Tim Cook is arriving back at Apple’s headquar-
ters in Cupertino, California. The Apple CEO is trying to find some quiet time to look over the day’s events and
handle some e-mails. Having joined Apple in 1998 as Senior Vice President of Worldwide Operations, Cook had
been appointed CEO based on the recommendation of Steve Jobs, who lost his battle with cancer a few weeks
after resigning from the top spot in August 2011. Cook had been filling in as CEO while Jobs had been on medical
leave. Cook was a low-profile, but high-impact executive at Apple who was responsible for restructuring Apple’s
supply chain, which had allowed Jobs to focus on high-profile product launches. Moreover, Apple’s now super-
efficient supply chain also increased its profitability tremendously.
Steve Jobs had led Apple through a period of innovation that saw the introduction of category-defining prod-
ucts such as the iPod, iPhone, and iPad and disruptive business models complementary to those products, such
as the Apple Retail Store and the iTunes online store. iTunes had started by selling music for Apple’s iPods and
later expanded into books, movies, television shows, and applications for all of Apple’s iOS devices. Apple’s
competitive advantage under Jobs was the ability to continually innovate, but Cook couldn’t help but wonder if
such success was sustainable, especially without Jobs.
Just the previous September, to great fanfare and expectations, Apple had launched the new iPhone 5. In his
presentation to an exuberant crowd of loyal Apple devotees in San Francisco’s Moscone Center that day, Cook
had highlighted Apple’s great performance by focusing on its retail stores and the sales of Mac notebooks and
iPads. In particular, Cook had emphasized the performance of Apple’s 380 retail stores in 12 countries around the
world. 1 An astounding 83 million people had visited Apple retail stores in the preceding quarter, which equates to
almost one million people a day, on average. In addition, he had stated that Apple ranked number one in notebook
sales in the United States, with 27 percent market share. That represented a notebook sales growth of 15 percent a
year. Cook had also commented on the iPad, crediting it with creating a post-PC revolution. Having sold
17 million iPads between April and June 2012, Apple claimed 68 percent market share in tablet computers. In
addition, the iPad accounted for 91 percent of web traffic by all tablets, which Cook attributed to the then over
700,000 iOS applications (apps) available to Apple users. A whopping 94 percent of Fortune 100 companies had
begun deploying Apple iPads in the workplace, many with customized apps to provide enterprise-specific busi-
ness solutions. “To put this achievement in some perspective, we sold more iPads than any PC manufacturer sold
of their entire PC lineup,” Cook said. 2 By June 2012, Apple had sold a total o ...
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
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Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Delivering Micro-Credentials in Technical and Vocational Education and TrainingAG2 Design
Explore how micro-credentials are transforming Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) with this comprehensive slide deck. Discover what micro-credentials are, their importance in TVET, the advantages they offer, and the insights from industry experts. Additionally, learn about the top software applications available for creating and managing micro-credentials. This presentation also includes valuable resources and a discussion on the future of these specialised certifications.
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Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
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for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
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it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
MATATAG CURRICULUM: ASSESSING THE READINESS OF ELEM. PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS I...NelTorrente
In this research, it concludes that while the readiness of teachers in Caloocan City to implement the MATATAG Curriculum is generally positive, targeted efforts in professional development, resource distribution, support networks, and comprehensive preparation can address the existing gaps and ensure successful curriculum implementation.
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This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
7. How do you define plagiarism?
Using someone’s ideas or expression of those ideas
(words, pictures, music, etc)
Without giving proper credit
8. An interesting side story
A quote attributed to Martin Luther King Jr. went
viral after the death of Osama bin Laden
But part of it was never said or written by him
http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2011/
05/anatomy-of-a-fake-quotation/238257/
What’s the big deal?
9. It’s out there, why not reuse it?
www.msnbc.msn.com/id/32657885
Gabriel, T. (2010, August 1) Plagiarism Lines Blur
Image by Duane Hoffmann
for Students in the Digital Age. The New York
Times. Retrieved from
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/02/education
/02cheat.html
“If you are not so worried about presenting yourself as absolutely unique, then
it’s O.K.
…if you say other people’s words, it’s O.K. if you say things you don’t believe,
…it’s O.K. if you write papers you couldn’t care less about because they
accomplish the task, which is turning something in and getting a grade
… and it’s O.K. if you put words out there without getting any credit.”
~Susan D. Blum anthropologist at The University of Notre Dame, author of “My Word!:
Plagiarism and College Culture” on student attitudes toward plagiarism
10. It’s out there, why not reuse it?
Discussion on the article:
• Your thoughts on plagiarism
• Why don’t some people seem to think it’s bad to copy?
• Why do people who know it’s wrong still do it?
• Does downloading music count?
• Is their plagiarism in math?
11. Why does it matter?
Newitz, A. (2012, January 16) “You are bitching
about the wrong things when you read an article
about science.” i09 blog. Retrieved from
http://io9.com/5873948/you-are-bitching-about-
the-wrong-things-when-you-read-an-article-
about-science
“Science is designed to challenge our common sense assumptions
about the world because they are often wrong.
Sometimes, however, common sense turns out to be right. Which is
why occasionally science seems to prove the obvious. But that's not
science being useless - it's science doing what it does best, which is
applying rigor and rationality to anecdote and dogma.”
12. Why does it matter?
Discussion on the article
• Why is it important to attribute information to a source?
• Why is anecdotal information still so compelling?
• What does this have to do with you? In real life? In
school?
13. Common Knowledge Quandary
“I’ve heard that common knowledge doesn’t have to
be cited. What is common knowledge?”
Some examples:
Waste not, want not.
George Washington was the first president of the US
College students like pizza…
When in doubt, cite it.
14. The point is…
No matter where you are, you will constantly need to
assess the information around you
In order to be an informed consumer you should
know how to evaluate the information you acquire
In order to support your own arguments you should
know how to research your question and cite your
sources
15. A more serious example
The German Defense Minister resigned and his PhD
was taken away because it was found that his thesis
was plagiarized
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-
12608083
16. What is the policy at Towson?
Policy for Academic Integrity:
http://www.towson.edu/studentaffairs/policies/academicinte
grity.asp
Two Strike System
100 reported cases a year
One suspension a year
18. Why is it important to cite your Sources?
Allows your readers to verify and identify your
information
Support your argument
Gives credit to the owners of the ideas
Not plagiarizing
Get credit for your ideas!
Required for your assignment!
20. What needs to be cited?
Books
Web Pages Examples: images
from
Magazine articles Web, statistical
Graphics tables
VHS,DVD, audio, etc.
Government reports
Statistics
Encyclopedia articles
Any source of information!
21. Example A
Original: Student:
Don't look for one of these tech Google's approach may win out
heavyweights to knock out the over the long term. In the early
other. Yet if history is any 1980s Apple lost its lead in the PC
guide, Google's approach may win market as Microsoft enlisted the
out over the long term. Recall that aid of hordes of software
in the early 1980s Apple lost its developers and dozens of PC
lead in the PC market when manufacturers.
Microsoft enlisted the aid of
hordes of software developers
and dozens of PC manufacturers.
Now, if Google can marshal such a
united front, Apple could again be
swamped by the collective
innovations.
22. Example A
Original: Student:
Don't look for one of these tech Google's approach may win out
heavyweights to knock out the over the long term. In the early
other. Yet if history is any 1980s Apple lost its lead in the PC
guide, Google's approach may win market as Microsoft enlisted the
out over the long term. Recall that aid of hordes of software
in the early 1980s Apple lost its developers and dozens of PC
lead in the PC market when manufacturers.
Microsoft enlisted the aid of
hordes of software developers
and dozens of PC manufacturers.
Now, if Google can marshal such a
united front, Apple could again be
swamped by the collective
innovations.
23. Example B
Original: Student:
Don't look for one of these tech History tells us that Google's
heavyweights to knock out the approach may be successful over
other. Yet if history is any the long term. In the early 1980s
guide, Google's approach may win Apple lagged in the PC market as
out over the long term. Recall that Microsoft collaborated with
in the early 1980s Apple lost its software developers and dozens
lead in the PC market when of PC manufacturers. Now, if
Microsoft enlisted the aid of Google would only summon a
hordes of software developers united front, Apple could again be
and dozens of PC manufacturers. swamped by the collective
Now, if Google can marshal such a innovations (Burrows, 2009).
united front, Apple could again be
swamped by the collective
innovations.
24. Example B
Original: Student:
Don't look for one of these tech History tells us that Google's
heavyweights to knock out the approach may be successful over
other. Yet if history is any the long term. In the early 1980s
guide, Google's approach may win Apple lagged in the PC market as
out over the long term. Recall that Microsoft collaborated with
in the early 1980s Apple lost its software developers and dozens
lead in the PC market when of PC manufacturers. Now, if
Microsoft enlisted the aid of Google would only summon a
hordes of software developers united front, Apple could again be
and dozens of PC manufacturers. swamped by the collective
Now, if Google can marshal such a innovations (Burrows, 2009).
united front, Apple could again be
swamped by the collective
innovations.
25. Example C
Original: Student:
Don't look for one of these tech Google stands a chance of beating
heavyweights to knock out the Apple if it can benefit from the
other. Yet if history is any pooled ideas of software
guide, Google's approach may win developers and device
out over the long term. Recall that manufacturers, following the
in the early 1980s Apple lost its strategy that Microsoft employed
lead in the PC market when to Apple’s detriment in the early
Microsoft enlisted the aid of ‘80s.
hordes of software developers
and dozens of PC manufacturers.
Now, if Google can marshal such a
united front, Apple could again be
swamped by the collective
innovations.
26. Example C
Original: Student:
Don't look for one of these tech Google stands a chance of beating
heavyweights to knock out the Apple if it can benefit from the
other. Yet if history is any pooled ideas of software
guide, Google's approach may win developers and device
out over the long term. Recall that manufacturers, following the
in the early 1980s Apple lost its strategy that Microsoft employed
lead in the PC market when to Apple’s detriment in the early
Microsoft enlisted the aid of ‘80s.
hordes of software developers
and dozens of PC manufacturers.
Now, if Google can marshal such a
united front, Apple could again be
swamped by the collective
innovations.
27. Example D
Original: Student:
Don't look for one of these tech Burrows suggests that in the
heavyweights to knock out the battle of the “tech heavyweights”
other. Yet if history is any Google might eventually prevail
guide, Google's approach may win over Apple if it follows the
out over the long term. Recall that strategy that Microsoft employed
in the early 1980s Apple lost its to Apple’s detriment during the
lead in the PC market when early ‘80s: collaborating, and
Microsoft enlisted the aid of innovating, with software
hordes of software developers developers and manufacturers
and dozens of PC manufacturers. (2009, p. 25).
Now, if Google can marshal such a
united front, Apple could again be
swamped by the collective
innovations.
28. Example D
Original: Student:
Don't look for one of these tech Burrows suggests that in the
heavyweights to knock out the battle of the “tech heavyweights”
other. Yet if history is any Google might eventually prevail
guide, Google's approach may win over Apple if it follows the
out over the long term. Recall that strategy that Microsoft employed
in the early 1980s Apple lost its to Apple’s detriment during the
lead in the PC market when early ‘80s: collaborating, and
Microsoft enlisted the aid of innovating, with software
hordes of software developers developers and manufacturers
and dozens of PC manufacturers. (2009, p. 25).
Now, if Google can marshal such a
united front, Apple could again be
swamped by the collective
innovations.
29. Style Manuals
Different disciplines use different
style manuals
Social Sciences = American Psychological
Association (APA)
Humanities = MLA Handbook for Writers
of Research Papers (MLA)
30. Resources for APA
Library webpage
Under Quick Tools Click Citing Sources
Diane Hacker
OWL
31. Questions?
Feel free to contact me:
Laksamee Putnam
lputnam@towson.edu
410.704.3746.
Twitter: @CookLibraryofTU
Or any reference librarian:
Visit Cook Library Reference Desk
410.704.2462.
IM – tucookchat
Editor's Notes
There is so much information out there. You can find anything on the internet and it’s not attributed to anyone.Ask the students to first write down then discuss their thoughts on the quote and plagiarism. Why don’t people seem to think it’s that bad to copy someone? What about downloading music? How does this relate to math?
There is so much information out there. You can find anything on the internet and it’s not attributed to anyone.Ask the students to first write down then discuss their thoughts on the quote and plagiarism. Why don’t people seem to think it’s that bad to copy someone? What about downloading music? How does this relate to math?
There is so much information out there. You can find anything on the internet and it’s not attributed to anyone.Ask the students to first write down then discuss their thoughts on the quote and plagiarism. Why don’t people seem to think it’s that bad to copy someone? What about downloading music? How does this relate to math?
Not only is this a topic that is discussed in the “real world” but it is also an important issue on campus.Emphasizing the professor’s approach to plagiarism, while also pointing out that this is of concern to the entire TU/academic community.We now have a system where if a student is sanctioned for plagiarism by a professor, that is not the end of the matter. The professor can report the student centrally. If there is a “strike 2” the student has to go before Judicial Affairs and face further consequences: the student may be suspended from TU.Bob Giordani: 100 cases a year reported. (Imagine how many go unreported!)1-3 repeat offenders a year. These go to Judicial Affairs for penalties up to and including suspension from TU.There has been about one suspension each year.
Also just helps you stay organized
Example A is plagiarized. Problems:Word-for-word from the source, without quotation marks.No in-text (parenthetical) citation to Hearst.Citing in Works Cited at end of paper is not enough—we need to know which specific information/idea/text/graphic etc. came from where as we are reading.To fix: Legitmate paraphrase (rewording) of source + in-text citation (keep citation on Reference list as well).OR Use quotation marks to show what is an exact quote (when omitting words from quote, use ellipsis (…)+ in-text citation+ keep entry in Reference list at end of paper.
Example A is plagiarized. Problems:Word-for-word from the source, without quotation marks.No in-text (parenthetical) citation to Hearst.Citing in Works Cited at end of paper is not enough—we need to know which specific information/idea/text/graphic etc. came from where as we are reading.To fix: Legitmate paraphrase (rewording) of source + in-text citation (keep citation on Reference list as well).OR Use quotation marks to show what is an exact quote (when omitting words from quote, use ellipsis (…)+ in-text citation+ keep entry in Reference list at end of paper.
Example B is plagiarized. This is an example of paraphrase plagiarism.Many student are not aware that this is plagiarism, but it can get you in trouble!!Problems:Student paper follows original source too closely. Rewording is light; sentences follow identical structure as source. In-text citation to Hearst does not solve this—in doing so we acknowledge Hearst’s idea, but not his wording, which this passage exploits.To fix this:If the phrasing of the source merits this, QUOTE exact words used, using quotation marks+ keep the in-text citation to Hearst+ keep the entry in References list.How many words in a row are ok to keep?You may hear “rules of thumb” such as the “three word rule”: quote and cite if you are using more than three words in a row from the source. There is no hard-and-fast rule. Three, two, or even one word might be distinctive enough to be quoted and cited, depending on the context.For instance, Ed Tenner wrote of the “plagiosphere” in Technology Review.This word, coined by Tenner, refers to the notion that everything has been said and is out there somewhere on the World Wide Web. (Interesting article by the way!)If I were to write about this concept and to use the word, I would want to cite Tenner. Otherwise, it would appear that I myself had made up the word and the concept it represents. The first time I used the word “plagiosphere” I could put it in quotes, add an in-text citation, and include a works cited entry at the end of my paper. Additional uses of the word in the paper would not need to be quoted, but if I used ideas from Tenner’s articles, those would require in-text citations in the body of the paper.
Example B is plagiarized. This is an example of paraphrase plagiarism.Many student are not aware that this is plagiarism, but it can get you in trouble!!Problems:Student paper follows original source too closely. Rewording is light; sentences follow identical structure as source. In-text citation to Hearst does not solve this—in doing so we acknowledge Hearst’s idea, but not his wording, which this passage exploits.To fix this:If the phrasing of the source merits this, QUOTE exact words used, using quotation marks+ keep the in-text citation to Hearst+ keep the entry in References list.How many words in a row are ok to keep?You may hear “rules of thumb” such as the “three word rule”: quote and cite if you are using more than three words in a row from the source. There is no hard-and-fast rule. Three, two, or even one word might be distinctive enough to be quoted and cited, depending on the context.For instance, Ed Tenner wrote of the “plagiosphere” in Technology Review.This word, coined by Tenner, refers to the notion that everything has been said and is out there somewhere on the World Wide Web. (Interesting article by the way!)If I were to write about this concept and to use the word, I would want to cite Tenner. Otherwise, it would appear that I myself had made up the word and the concept it represents. The first time I used the word “plagiosphere” I could put it in quotes, add an in-text citation, and include a works cited entry at the end of my paper. Additional uses of the word in the paper would not need to be quoted, but if I used ideas from Tenner’s articles, those would require in-text citations in the body of the paper.
The rewording in the Student Paper for Example C is fine--see how different the words and sentences are from the original source. Paraphrasing can work!BUT in neglecting to add an in-text citation, this went over the line to IDEA PLAGIARISM. If Hearst is in the Works Cited list, this doesn’t let the writer off the hook. How is the reader to know where the individual idea comes from if the writer doesn’t include a proper in-text citation?To fix: in-text citation + keep in References list.
The rewording in the Student Paper for Example C is fine--see how different the words and sentences are from the original source. Paraphrasing can work!BUT in neglecting to add an in-text citation, this went over the line to IDEA PLAGIARISM. If Hearst is in the Works Cited list, this doesn’t let the writer off the hook. How is the reader to know where the individual idea comes from if the writer doesn’t include a proper in-text citation?To fix: in-text citation + keep in References list.
Example D is fine—NOT plagiarized. Hooray.Very few words shared—not a problem.When the writer wanted to quote, quotation marks used appropriately.The in-text citation need only include the page number, as Hearst has already clearly been noted in the same sentence. “Hearst describes” is an example of what is called a signal phrase. It eliminates the need to indicate Hearst again in the parentheses.That wasn’t so bad, was it?
Example D is fine—NOT plagiarized. Hooray.Very few words shared—not a problem.When the writer wanted to quote, quotation marks used appropriately.The in-text citation need only include the page number, as Hearst has already clearly been noted in the same sentence. “Hearst describes” is an example of what is called a signal phrase. It eliminates the need to indicate Hearst again in the parentheses.That wasn’t so bad, was it?