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COSC 111 Safe Citing sp2011
This document provides information about citing sources and avoiding plagiarism. It defines plagiarism as using someone else's work without proper citation or credit. It provides examples of both plagiarism and proper citation in APA style. It offers tips for taking notes, paraphrasing, and keeping track of sources to avoid accidental plagiarism. The document encourages citing quotes, paraphrases and ideas to give credit to original authors.
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COSC 111 Safe Citing sp2011
- 1. Pride and Passion:The African American Baseball Experiencehttp://www.flickr.com/photos/theseanster93/1152356149/Cook Library 3rd floor Thursday, February 24 - Friday, April, 8, 2011 Pride and Passion: The African-American Baseball Experience is a traveling exhibition which examines the challenges faced by African-American baseball players as they sought equal opportunities in their sport beginning in the post-Civil War era.
- 2. Safe CitingHow todocument your sources and avoid plagiarismLaksamee Putnam, MLISlputnam@towson.eduResearch & Instruction Librarian
- 3. How do youdefine plagiarism?http://icanhascheezburger.com/2007/09/12/copy-cat/
- 4. Working DefinitionUsing someoneelse’s words or ideas without giving proper creditPlagiarism: Definition 1
- 5. Definition of Plagiarism:Usingsomeone’s ideas or expression of those ideas (words, pictures, music, etc)Without giving proper creditPlagiarism: Definition Final
- 6. It’s out there,why not reuse it?Gabriel, T. (2010, August 1) Plagiarism Lines Blur for Students in the Digital Age. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/02/education/02cheat.htmlImage by Duane Hoffmann www.msnbc.msn.com/id/32657885“If you are not so worried about presenting yourself as absolutely unique, then it’s O.K. …if you say other people’s words, it’s O.K. if you say things you don’t believe, …it’s O.K. if you write papers you couldn’t care less about because they accomplish the task, which is turning something in and getting a grade… and it’s O.K. if you put words out there without getting any credit.”~Susan D. Blum anthropologist at The University of Notre Dame, author of “My Word!: Plagiarism and College Culture” on student attitudes toward plagiarism
- 7. Someone you mayrecognize….Carter, B. (2007, May 14). Is it the woman thing, or is it Katie Couric? New York Times. Retrieved from www.nytimes.com“…Ms. Couric was caught up in an odd plagiarism incident, when an essay she had presented as her own, even though written by a producer, turned out to have been lifted from The Wall Street Journal.”Image from www.team4news.com
- 8. Students and PlagiarismKulish,N. (2010, February 11). Author, 17, says it’s “Mixing” not Plagiarism. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/12/world/europe/12germany.html“There’s no such thing as originality anyway, just authenticity” ~Helene HegemannPhoto by Jens Schlueterhttp://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/12/world/europe/12germany.html“…a blogger last week uncovered material in the novel taken from the less-well-known novel “Strobo,” by an author writing under the nom de plume Airen. In one case, an entire page was lifted with few changes.”
- 9. Policy for AcademicIntegrity:http://www.towson.edu/studentaffairs/policies/academicintegrity.aspWhat is the policy at Towson?
- 10. Reasons to Documentyour Sources?
- 11. Allows your readersto verify and identify your information Support your argumentGives credit to the owners of the ideasNot plagiarizingGet credit for your ideas!Required for your assignment!Why is it important to Cite your Sources?
- 12.
- 13. BooksWeb PagesMagazine articlesGraphicsVHS,DVD,audio, etc.Government reportsStatisticsEncyclopedia articlesAny source of information!What needs to be Cited?Examples: images from Web, statistical tables
- 14. “I’ve heard thatcommon knowledge doesn’t have to be cited. What is common knowledge?”Some examples:Waste not, want not.George Washington was the first president of the USCollege students like pizza…When in doubt, cite it.Common Knowledge Quandary
- 15. For question #2and on…Work together with your neighborWrite down your answers on the worksheetsTime: 10 minutesIs it plagiarism?
- 16.
- 17. Example A..Original:Don't lookfor one of these tech heavyweights to knock out the other. Yet if history is any guide, Google's approach may win out over the long term. Recall that in the early 1980s Apple lost its lead in the PC market when Microsoft enlisted the aid of hordes of software developers and dozens of PC manufacturers. Now, if Google can marshal such a united front, Apple could again be swamped by the collective innovations. Student:Google's approach may win out over the long term. In the early 1980s Apple lost its lead in the PC market as Microsoft enlisted the aid of hordes of software developers and dozens of PC manufacturers.
- 18.
- 19. Example B..Original:Don't lookfor one of these tech heavyweights to knock out the other. Yet if history is any guide, Google's approach may win out over the long term. Recall that in the early 1980s Apple lost its lead in the PC market when Microsoft enlisted the aid of hordes of software developers and dozens of PC manufacturers. Now, if Google can marshal such a united front, Apple could again be swamped by the collective innovations. Student:History tells us that Google's approach may be successful over the long term. In the early 1980s Apple lagged in the PC market as Microsoftcollaborated with software developers and dozens of PC manufacturers. Now, if Google would only summon a united front, Apple could again be swamped by the collective innovations (Burrows, 2009).
- 20. Using an ideaand putting it in your own words…(sentence by sentence)Avoid “paraphrase plagiarism”--where your paraphrase is too similar to original sourceUsing a thesaurus ≠ your own writingRemember to cite! A paraphrase must always be documented.Avoid cutting and pasting anything but what you use as direct quotes.Paraphrasing
- 21.
- 22. Example C..Original:Don't lookfor one of these tech heavyweights to knock out the other. Yet if history is any guide, Google's approach may win out over the long term. Recall that in the early 1980s Apple lost its lead in the PC market when Microsoft enlisted the aid of hordes of software developers and dozens of PC manufacturers. Now, if Google can marshal such a united front, Apple could again be swamped by the collective innovations. Student:Google stands a chance of beating Apple if it can benefit from the pooled ideas of software developers and device manufacturers, following the strategy that Microsoft employed to Apple’s detriment in the early ‘80s.
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- 24. Example D..Original:Don't lookfor one of these tech heavyweights to knock out the other. Yet if history is any guide, Google's approach may win out over the long term. Recall that in the early 1980s Apple lost its lead in the PC market when Microsoft enlisted the aid of hordes of software developers and dozens of PC manufacturers. Now, if Google can marshal such a united front, Apple could again be swamped by the collective innovations. Student:Burrows suggests that in the battle of the “tech heavyweights” Google might eventually prevail over Apple if it follows the strategy that Microsoft employed to Apple’s detriment during the early ‘80s: collaborating, and innovating, with software developers and manufacturers(2009, p. 25).
- 25. Documentation- keep trackof materials used for your working bibliographyQuote carefully – color code or use quotes when taking notes. Beware cutting & pasting. Note key ideas then “Shut the book”Try to boil down the info—summarize Proofread!Tips to avoid plagiarism
- 26. … procrastinate… Research& writing take time!… don’t understand what you’re reading… cut & paste… are not a confident writer… take sketchy notes of/from sources… don’t understand how to citeYou are at risk for plagiarism if you…
- 27. Different disciplines usedifferent style manualsSocial Sciences = American Psychological Association (APA)Humanities = MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers (MLA)Style Manuals
- 28. 1. “x”2. In-text citation(Smith, 2004, p. 35)3. An entry in the References list (the bibliography) at the end of the paperCiting correctly in APA: Exact Quote from a SourceEvery in-text citation should have a match in the bibliography
- 29. 1. Legitimate paraphrase 2. In-text citation(Smith, 2004, p. 35) 3. An entry in the References list at the end of the paperCiting correctly in APA: Citing an Idea or FactAgain, every in-text citation should have a match in the bibliography!
- 30.
- 31. In-text:Mobile devices increaseaccess to sensitive corporate data (Swartz, 2006, p. 25).In-text with signal phrase:Swartz points out that mobile devices increase access to sensitive corporate data (2006, p.25). In-text Citation for an Article (HTML) from a Database (Business Source Complete)APA Style
- 32. Swartz, N. (2006).Safeguarding corporate secrets. Information Management Journal, 40 (5), 24-30. Retrieved from http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505553/description#descriptionReferences Entry for an Article (HTML) from a Database (Business Source Premier)APA Style
- 33. There is agame for everythinghttp://depts.washington.edu/trio/quest/citation/apa_mla_citation_game/index.htmResources to check yourselfhttp://www.plagiarism.org/There’s an App for that…http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/conversation-day-hackathon-leads-popular-app-quick-cite/story?id=12965379Other Interesting Links
- 34. Feel free tocontact me:Laksamee Putnamlputnam@towson.edu410.704.3746.Twitter: @LibrarianLaksOr any reference librarian:Visit Cook Library Reference Desk410.704.2462.IM – tucookchatQuestions?
Editor's Notes
- #7 “It’s kind of an insult that that ideal is gone, and now we’re left only to make collages of the work of previous generations.”
- #8 NEW YORK A CBS News producer was fired and the network apologized after a Katie Couric video essay on libraries was found to be plagiarized from The Wall Street Journal.The essay was removed from the CBS Web site and an editor's note was posted saying the item should have credited Jeffrey Zaslow of the Journal, the network said Tuesday.The essays are carried regularly on "Couric & Co.," the anchor's blog on the CBS News Web site. Couric and producers meet once a week to decide on topics and the producers write them for Couric to read on camera.An editor for The Wall Street Journal called CBS News to point out the similarities of the April 4 notebook item to Zaslow's article, headlined "Of the Places You'll Go, Is the Library Still One of Them?" The pieces talk about how libraries are seen differently by children from their parents."We were horrified," CBS News spokeswoman Sandra Genelius said. "It was almost verbatim."CBS would not identify the producer fired for the transgression.
- #10 Not only is this a topic that is discussed in the “real world” but it is also an important issue on campus.Emphasizing the professor’s approach to plagiarism, while also pointing out that this is of concern to the entire TU/academic community.We now have a system where if a student is sanctioned for plagiarism by a professor, that is not the end of the matter. The professor can report the student centrally. If there is a “strike 2” the student has to go before Judicial Affairs and face further consequences: the student may be suspended from TU.Bob Giordani: 100 cases a year reported. (Imagine how many go unreported!)1-3 repeat offenders a year. These go to Judicial Affairs for penalties up to and including suspension from TU.There has been about one suspension each year.
- #12 Also just helps you stay organized
- #14 Yes, you can even cite lecture notes or other “personal communications”
- #15 “I’ve heard that common knowledge doesn’t have to be cited. What is common knowledge?”Some examples:Waste not, want not.George Washington was the first president of the United States.College students like pizza.When in doubt, cite it.
- #18 Example A is plagiarized. Problems:Word-for-word from the source, without quotation marks.No in-text (parenthetical) citation to Hearst.Citing in Works Cited at end of paper is not enough—we need to know which specific information/idea/text/graphic etc. came from where as we are reading.To fix: Legitmate paraphrase (rewording) of source + in-text citation (keep citation on Reference list as well).OR Use quotation marks to show what is an exact quote (when omitting words from quote, use ellipsis (…)+ in-text citation+ keep entry in Reference list at end of paper.
- #20 Example B is plagiarized. This is an example of paraphrase plagiarism.Many student are not aware that this is plagiarism, but it can get you in trouble!!Problems:Student paper follows original source too closely. Rewording is light; sentences follow identical structure as source. In-text citation to Hearst does not solve this—in doing so we acknowledge Hearst’s idea, but not his wording, which this passage exploits.To fix this:If the phrasing of the source merits this, QUOTE exact words used, using quotation marks+ keep the in-text citation to Hearst+ keep the entry in References list.How many words in a row are ok to keep?You may hear “rules of thumb” such as the “three word rule”: quote and cite if you are using more than three words in a row from the source. There is no hard-and-fast rule. Three, two, or even one word might be distinctive enough to be quoted and cited, depending on the context.For instance, Ed Tenner wrote of the “plagiosphere” in Technology Review.This word, coined by Tenner, refers to the notion that everything has been said and is out there somewhere on the World Wide Web. (Interesting article by the way!)If I were to write about this concept and to use the word, I would want to cite Tenner. Otherwise, it would appear that I myself had made up the word and the concept it represents. The first time I used the word “plagiosphere” I could put it in quotes, add an in-text citation, and include a works cited entry at the end of my paper. Additional uses of the word in the paper would not need to be quoted, but if I used ideas from Tenner’s articles, those would require in-text citations in the body of the paper.
- #23 The rewording in the Student Paper for Example C is fine--see how different the words and sentences are from the original source. Paraphrasing can work!BUT in neglecting to add an in-text citation, this went over the line to IDEA PLAGIARISM. If Hearst is in the Works Cited list, this doesn’t let the writer off the hook. How is the reader to know where the individual idea comes from if the writer doesn’t include a proper in-text citation?To fix: in-text citation + keep in References list.
- #25 Example D is fine—NOT plagiarized. Hooray.Very few words shared—not a problem.When the writer wanted to quote, quotation marks used appropriately.The in-text citation need only include the page number, as Hearst has already clearly been noted in the same sentence. “Hearst describes” is an example of what is called a signal phrase. It eliminates the need to indicate Hearst again in the parentheses.That wasn’t so bad, was it?
- #26 It is human nature to repeat phrasing from a source when you are looking right at the source while typing your own paraphrase. Fight this tendency by reading what you have to read, jotting down barebones notes, then putting material down or aside. THEN write your version. Check back with the source to see if your version follows too closely.Don’t forget your in-text citation and your References entry at the end of the paper.The more you summarize, the less risk you run of paraphrase plagiarism. Your paper will be less choppy too.I suggest you NOT cut & paste anything other than material to be used as exact quotes into the body of your paper. There are too many things that can go wrong here. You may wind up with a big chunk of text that is not yours in the middle of your paper. Bad news!!!
- #29 If you use an online source without permanent page numbers (that is, anything other than a PDF), count off your paragraphs and use that in place of a page number. (Smith, para. 5 = Smith, paragraph 5. Smith 35 means page 35 of Smith).
- #32 First is a screenshot of how the article looks from the results list of an Ebsco database (Business Source Premier in this case).Below are examples of how in-text citations to this article can be integrated.
- #33 Don’t forget the References entry at the end of the paper! Here’s an example for the same article.Don’t copy & paste the info straight from a database into your References list—you can see it looks quite different in MLA!If you can, consult the PDF copy instead of the HTML copy, you would be able to include the exact page range and to cite specific pages (rather than paragraphs) in your in-text citations.