Common name, botanical name and family
Floral biology
Flowering and pollination
Method of propagation
Seed development, maturity, collection, extraction and drying
Seed dormancy and germination improvement
Storage behaviour
Papaya is a tropical fruit native to Central America. It has 18 chromosomes and can be propagated through seeds, though vegetative methods are not viable commercially due to its fragile stem. There are dioecious and gynodioecious varieties that bear male and female or hermaphroditic flowers separately. Papaya grows best in tropical climates, well-draining soil, and requires irrigation every 5-6 days in summer and 8-10 days in winter. It is harvested 9-10 months after planting when the fruit skin changes color and latex becomes consistent. Papaya is a source of papain enzyme and vitamin A, and has an economic life of 2-3 years.
The document provides an overview of seed saving, focusing on tomatoes, summer squash, and beans. It discusses the importance of seed saving for local adaptation, genetic diversity preservation, and income generation. The key aspects of seed saving covered are seed purity, isolation techniques, plant reproductive biology, and post-harvest processing and storage methods. Proper identification of plant varieties and following best practices for parent plant selection and seed cleaning, drying, and storage are emphasized.
Agrotechniques for seed prooduction of cucurbitsAsish Benny
This document provides information on 15 important cucurbit species including cucumber, pumpkin, bitter gourd and bottle gourd. It discusses cucurbits' preferred growing conditions, production practices, pollination, and seed production and storage methods. Key details include cucurbits growing best between 21-32°C, preferring well-drained soil between pH 6.0-7.0. Pollination is largely by bees and timing varies by species from early morning to evening. Seed is extracted through dry or wet methods and dried before long-term storage up to 10 years at 5°C.
please allow me to download this pdf because it is very important to my program that i was selected and also it it very helpful to me as an engineering student to learn more about my course . THANK YOU
This document provides information on vegetable seed production. It discusses vegetable characteristics, the differences between open pollinated and hybrid seeds, different types of seeds, and seed technology. Cultural practices for vegetable production like site selection, soil management, planting, and harvesting are described. Guidelines for producing good quality seeds are provided, including seed selection, drying, cleaning, and storage. Maturity indicators for harvesting different vegetable crops are also listed. The overall document offers a comprehensive overview of vegetable seed production from cultural practices to post-harvest handling and storage.
1) The document provides instructions for sprouting seeds, grains, beans, and nuts through a step-by-step process of selecting, soaking, rinsing, and harvesting sprouts.
2) Sprouts are highly nutritious and benefit from enzymatic changes during sprouting such as increased vitamins, minerals, and digestibility.
3) The document recommends sprouting techniques and safety tips to maximize nutrition and minimize risks like mold growth.
VARIETAL SEED PRODUCTION IN PADDY
Seed Science & Technology
K Vanangamudi
ICAR AIEEA JRF & SRF for PG admissions exams
ICAR NET, ARS & STO (T-6) exams
IBPS – AFO exams
This document provides information on papaya cultivation practices. It discusses the botanical details of papaya, including its origin, taxonomy, botany, and floral biology. It also outlines recommendations for climate and soil requirements, common varieties, propagation methods, land preparation, planting density, and cultural practices for papaya cultivation. The key points covered include papaya's origin in Mexico, its dioecious and gynodioecious forms, suitable climate and soil conditions, commonly grown varieties in India, and seed propagation.
Papaya is a tropical fruit native to Central America. It has 18 chromosomes and can be propagated through seeds, though vegetative methods are not viable commercially due to its fragile stem. There are dioecious and gynodioecious varieties that bear male and female or hermaphroditic flowers separately. Papaya grows best in tropical climates, well-draining soil, and requires irrigation every 5-6 days in summer and 8-10 days in winter. It is harvested 9-10 months after planting when the fruit skin changes color and latex becomes consistent. Papaya is a source of papain enzyme and vitamin A, and has an economic life of 2-3 years.
The document provides an overview of seed saving, focusing on tomatoes, summer squash, and beans. It discusses the importance of seed saving for local adaptation, genetic diversity preservation, and income generation. The key aspects of seed saving covered are seed purity, isolation techniques, plant reproductive biology, and post-harvest processing and storage methods. Proper identification of plant varieties and following best practices for parent plant selection and seed cleaning, drying, and storage are emphasized.
Agrotechniques for seed prooduction of cucurbitsAsish Benny
This document provides information on 15 important cucurbit species including cucumber, pumpkin, bitter gourd and bottle gourd. It discusses cucurbits' preferred growing conditions, production practices, pollination, and seed production and storage methods. Key details include cucurbits growing best between 21-32°C, preferring well-drained soil between pH 6.0-7.0. Pollination is largely by bees and timing varies by species from early morning to evening. Seed is extracted through dry or wet methods and dried before long-term storage up to 10 years at 5°C.
please allow me to download this pdf because it is very important to my program that i was selected and also it it very helpful to me as an engineering student to learn more about my course . THANK YOU
This document provides information on vegetable seed production. It discusses vegetable characteristics, the differences between open pollinated and hybrid seeds, different types of seeds, and seed technology. Cultural practices for vegetable production like site selection, soil management, planting, and harvesting are described. Guidelines for producing good quality seeds are provided, including seed selection, drying, cleaning, and storage. Maturity indicators for harvesting different vegetable crops are also listed. The overall document offers a comprehensive overview of vegetable seed production from cultural practices to post-harvest handling and storage.
1) The document provides instructions for sprouting seeds, grains, beans, and nuts through a step-by-step process of selecting, soaking, rinsing, and harvesting sprouts.
2) Sprouts are highly nutritious and benefit from enzymatic changes during sprouting such as increased vitamins, minerals, and digestibility.
3) The document recommends sprouting techniques and safety tips to maximize nutrition and minimize risks like mold growth.
VARIETAL SEED PRODUCTION IN PADDY
Seed Science & Technology
K Vanangamudi
ICAR AIEEA JRF & SRF for PG admissions exams
ICAR NET, ARS & STO (T-6) exams
IBPS – AFO exams
This document provides information on papaya cultivation practices. It discusses the botanical details of papaya, including its origin, taxonomy, botany, and floral biology. It also outlines recommendations for climate and soil requirements, common varieties, propagation methods, land preparation, planting density, and cultural practices for papaya cultivation. The key points covered include papaya's origin in Mexico, its dioecious and gynodioecious forms, suitable climate and soil conditions, commonly grown varieties in India, and seed propagation.
This document provides information about forest tree seeds. It discusses the basic structure and parts of a seed, including the embryo, endosperm, and seed coat. It describes different types of seeds and patterns of seed germination. Key factors that influence seed germination like water, temperature, light, and oxygen are outlined. The document also discusses seed dormancy, methods to break dormancy, sources of seeds, seed collection and processing procedures, storage methods, certification, and common tests for seed quality including tests for genuineness, purity, moisture content, and viability.
This document provides information on the botany, cultivation practices, varieties, and uses of the jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus). It discusses the jackfruit's origin in India, describes several varieties and cultivars grown in different countries, and outlines considerations for its propagation, cultivation, and harvesting. The key points are that jackfruit is an important crop in South and Southeast Asia, known for its large size and nutritional and medicinal properties, and it can be propagated through seed germination or vegetative methods like grafting, layering, and micropropagation.
Bananas and plantains are members of the Musaceae family. Major species used for food include Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana. Commercial bananas are triploid or tetraploid hybrids of these species. Bananas are dessert fruits while plantains are cooking fruits. Bananas and plantains are grown in tropical climates with year-round warm temperatures and high rainfall. The leading producers are Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Production requires management of pests like Panama disease and black sigatoka as well as proper harvesting, packing, and ripening techniques.
Hilkar resntacion en ingles banana renovadaJohan Ramirez
This document discusses the banana plant. It describes the banana's scientific name, family, and origin in Southeast Asia. It details the plant's parts including its rhizome root, pseudostems, and clustered fruits. It provides information on growing conditions, the need for well-draining soil and regular irrigation. It notes bananas are seedless and reproduced asexually. The document also outlines banana harvesting after 3/4 maturation, derivatives like milkshakes and cakes, medicinal uses, and vitamin content including calories, proteins, carbohydrates, and minerals.
Seed saving and testing is important for several reasons: it is cost effective, promotes biodiversity, and empowers small farmers. Some simple techniques for seed saving include selecting seeds from open pollinated varieties which breed true, avoiding hybrids which do not. Seeds must be properly harvested, cleaned, dried, and stored to maintain viability. Testing seed viability is important to determine storage success and appropriate planting rates, and can be done through germination tests using methods like petri dishes or ragdolls. Maintaining aseptic technique is key to getting accurate viability results.
Saving Seeds ~ Texas Master Gardeners
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110 ~
This document provides guidance on collecting and storing seeds from home gardens. It discusses who might collect seeds, such as gardeners wanting to save money or enjoy new varieties. Methods of collection are outlined, including collecting dry seeds from seed heads or pulpy seeds from mature produce. Proper cleaning, drying, labeling and storage techniques are described to ensure seeds remain viable as long as possible. The document stresses collecting from open-pollinated varieties and isolating crops to prevent cross-pollination from affecting the purity of saved seeds.
Coffee originated in Ethiopia and was first brought to Malaysia in 1779. There are three main commercialized coffee species: Arabica, Robusta, and Liberica. Arabica trees grow quickly to 5-6 meters tall and produce thin, yellow-reddish beans. Robusta trees grow shorter at 3 meters tall, produce broader leaves, and thicker red beans. Liberica trees have the largest leaves and thickest yellow-red beans. Coffee plants require specific growing conditions of rainfall, temperature, soil type, and pruning to maximize yields. Harvested coffee berries are processed through wet or dry methods to produce roasted coffee beans for consumption.
KAIR (Capparis decidua) – A TREASURE HOUSE FOR INCOME AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATIONjaisingh277
Ker/Kair or karira or kerda (Capparis deciduas, Family - Capparaceae / Caparidaceae, Genus - Capparis) is an important indigenous leafless shrub or small tree with dense thorny branches It provides food (pickle and vegetable), medicinal products, cosmatics, fodder, carving wood, and fuel. Fruits (berry) are valuable integral source of nutrition and income for the rurals.
This document provides an overview of seed collecting and starting, including the basics of flower and seed anatomy, harvesting seeds, cleaning and storing seeds, breaking dormancy through stratification and scarification, germinating seeds using paper towels or outdoor winter sowing, and tips on timing and care for seedlings. The agenda covers plant reproduction, identifying seeds and seed parts, techniques for collecting, cleaning and storing seeds, and methods for stratifying, scarifying and germinating seeds indoors or outdoors over winter.
Production Technology of Papaya 5 (1).pptxmukeshmehta53
This document provides information on the production technology of papaya. Some key points:
- Papaya is a tropical fruit cultivated worldwide in tropical and subtropical regions. The major producing states in India are Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, and Karnataka.
- Common varieties grown in India include Coorg Honey Dew, Arka Prabhat, Surya, and Red Lady Dwarf. Propagation is primarily through seeds, though tissue culture is also used.
- Papaya grows best in warm, humid climates without frost and requires well-drained soil. Proper spacing and planting methods are outlined. The document details production practices and pest/disease management.
This document summarizes BRAC's pre and post-harvest research and extension activities for vegetable seeds in Bangladesh. It discusses 30 target vegetable crops categorized into fruiting, leafy, podded, stem/bulb, cruciferous, and root vegetables. For several crops including okra, tomato, brinjal, pumpkin, cucumber, spinach, and radish, it outlines the seed harvesting and post-harvest management processes. It also describes techniques to improve seed or propagule quality before harvesting and extension activities involving home and market gardens in Barishal and Jessore districts.
Cotton seed production in hybrids & varietiesBaskar Selvam
For production of seeds for cultivation or developing new varieties or hybrids, certain standards should be followed to get good quality and pure seeds.
This document provides information on quality seed production of pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Dutch). It discusses the origin and botanical details of different pumpkin species. It describes the breeding objectives for pumpkin variety development in India. The document outlines requirements and best practices for land selection, cultivation, pollination techniques, and harvesting for pumpkin seed production. It also covers post-harvest processing and storage of pumpkin seeds to maintain high quality and viability.
1) Pumpkin originated over 9,000 years ago in Central and South America. India is the second largest producer of pumpkin after China.
2) There are 26 pumpkin species, 5 of which are domesticated including Cucurbita moschata (pumpkin) and C. pepo (eaten as an immature fruit).
3) Quality seed production of pumpkin requires growing improved varieties at the proper spacing and fertilization, using manual pollination or insect pollination, applying pest and disease management, and harvesting mature fruits for seed extraction and drying.
1) Pumpkin originated over 9,000 years ago in Central and South America. India is the second largest producer of pumpkin after China.
2) There are 26 pumpkin species, 5 of which are domesticated including Cucurbita moschata (pumpkin) and C. pepo (eaten as an immature fruit).
3) For quality seed production, improved varieties are grown with proper spacing, fertilizer and irrigation management to maximize yield. Pollination is managed through manual methods or by placing beehives to ensure high purity seeds.
Bronx Green-Up provides horticultural assistance and training to local gardeners and organizations in the Bronx interested in greening projects like community gardens and urban farms. The organization aims to improve neighborhoods through these types of initiatives. Seed saving is an ancient practice that dates back to early farming, and it has benefits like adapting plants to local conditions, preserving plant varieties, and building self-reliance. There are different methods for cleaning and storing seeds depending on the type of plant, such as wet, dry, and fermentation processes. Proper record keeping of seed sources and characteristics is important for gardeners who collect their own seeds.
Seed Saving ~ New York Botanical Garden
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110 ~
HORTICULTURAL BOOKS by VANANGAMUDI K. pdfVanangamudiK1
HORTICULTURAL BOOKS
Dr. K. Vanangamudi
PUBLISHED BY NIPA
A HANDBOOK OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCES VOL. 1: PRINCIPLES & PRACTICES OF HORTICULTURE AND FRUIT SCIENCE
HORTICULTURAL SCIENCES VOL. 2: VEGETABLE SCIENCE AND ORNAMENTAL HORTICULTURE
A HANDBOOK OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCES VOL. 3: SPICES, PLANTATION, MEDICINAL, AROMATIC CROPS AND POST-HARVEST MANAGEMENT
MCQ's ON HORTICULTURE
This document provides information about forest tree seeds. It discusses the basic structure and parts of a seed, including the embryo, endosperm, and seed coat. It describes different types of seeds and patterns of seed germination. Key factors that influence seed germination like water, temperature, light, and oxygen are outlined. The document also discusses seed dormancy, methods to break dormancy, sources of seeds, seed collection and processing procedures, storage methods, certification, and common tests for seed quality including tests for genuineness, purity, moisture content, and viability.
This document provides information on the botany, cultivation practices, varieties, and uses of the jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus). It discusses the jackfruit's origin in India, describes several varieties and cultivars grown in different countries, and outlines considerations for its propagation, cultivation, and harvesting. The key points are that jackfruit is an important crop in South and Southeast Asia, known for its large size and nutritional and medicinal properties, and it can be propagated through seed germination or vegetative methods like grafting, layering, and micropropagation.
Bananas and plantains are members of the Musaceae family. Major species used for food include Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana. Commercial bananas are triploid or tetraploid hybrids of these species. Bananas are dessert fruits while plantains are cooking fruits. Bananas and plantains are grown in tropical climates with year-round warm temperatures and high rainfall. The leading producers are Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Production requires management of pests like Panama disease and black sigatoka as well as proper harvesting, packing, and ripening techniques.
Hilkar resntacion en ingles banana renovadaJohan Ramirez
This document discusses the banana plant. It describes the banana's scientific name, family, and origin in Southeast Asia. It details the plant's parts including its rhizome root, pseudostems, and clustered fruits. It provides information on growing conditions, the need for well-draining soil and regular irrigation. It notes bananas are seedless and reproduced asexually. The document also outlines banana harvesting after 3/4 maturation, derivatives like milkshakes and cakes, medicinal uses, and vitamin content including calories, proteins, carbohydrates, and minerals.
Seed saving and testing is important for several reasons: it is cost effective, promotes biodiversity, and empowers small farmers. Some simple techniques for seed saving include selecting seeds from open pollinated varieties which breed true, avoiding hybrids which do not. Seeds must be properly harvested, cleaned, dried, and stored to maintain viability. Testing seed viability is important to determine storage success and appropriate planting rates, and can be done through germination tests using methods like petri dishes or ragdolls. Maintaining aseptic technique is key to getting accurate viability results.
Saving Seeds ~ Texas Master Gardeners
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110 ~
This document provides guidance on collecting and storing seeds from home gardens. It discusses who might collect seeds, such as gardeners wanting to save money or enjoy new varieties. Methods of collection are outlined, including collecting dry seeds from seed heads or pulpy seeds from mature produce. Proper cleaning, drying, labeling and storage techniques are described to ensure seeds remain viable as long as possible. The document stresses collecting from open-pollinated varieties and isolating crops to prevent cross-pollination from affecting the purity of saved seeds.
Coffee originated in Ethiopia and was first brought to Malaysia in 1779. There are three main commercialized coffee species: Arabica, Robusta, and Liberica. Arabica trees grow quickly to 5-6 meters tall and produce thin, yellow-reddish beans. Robusta trees grow shorter at 3 meters tall, produce broader leaves, and thicker red beans. Liberica trees have the largest leaves and thickest yellow-red beans. Coffee plants require specific growing conditions of rainfall, temperature, soil type, and pruning to maximize yields. Harvested coffee berries are processed through wet or dry methods to produce roasted coffee beans for consumption.
KAIR (Capparis decidua) – A TREASURE HOUSE FOR INCOME AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATIONjaisingh277
Ker/Kair or karira or kerda (Capparis deciduas, Family - Capparaceae / Caparidaceae, Genus - Capparis) is an important indigenous leafless shrub or small tree with dense thorny branches It provides food (pickle and vegetable), medicinal products, cosmatics, fodder, carving wood, and fuel. Fruits (berry) are valuable integral source of nutrition and income for the rurals.
This document provides an overview of seed collecting and starting, including the basics of flower and seed anatomy, harvesting seeds, cleaning and storing seeds, breaking dormancy through stratification and scarification, germinating seeds using paper towels or outdoor winter sowing, and tips on timing and care for seedlings. The agenda covers plant reproduction, identifying seeds and seed parts, techniques for collecting, cleaning and storing seeds, and methods for stratifying, scarifying and germinating seeds indoors or outdoors over winter.
Production Technology of Papaya 5 (1).pptxmukeshmehta53
This document provides information on the production technology of papaya. Some key points:
- Papaya is a tropical fruit cultivated worldwide in tropical and subtropical regions. The major producing states in India are Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, and Karnataka.
- Common varieties grown in India include Coorg Honey Dew, Arka Prabhat, Surya, and Red Lady Dwarf. Propagation is primarily through seeds, though tissue culture is also used.
- Papaya grows best in warm, humid climates without frost and requires well-drained soil. Proper spacing and planting methods are outlined. The document details production practices and pest/disease management.
This document summarizes BRAC's pre and post-harvest research and extension activities for vegetable seeds in Bangladesh. It discusses 30 target vegetable crops categorized into fruiting, leafy, podded, stem/bulb, cruciferous, and root vegetables. For several crops including okra, tomato, brinjal, pumpkin, cucumber, spinach, and radish, it outlines the seed harvesting and post-harvest management processes. It also describes techniques to improve seed or propagule quality before harvesting and extension activities involving home and market gardens in Barishal and Jessore districts.
Cotton seed production in hybrids & varietiesBaskar Selvam
For production of seeds for cultivation or developing new varieties or hybrids, certain standards should be followed to get good quality and pure seeds.
This document provides information on quality seed production of pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Dutch). It discusses the origin and botanical details of different pumpkin species. It describes the breeding objectives for pumpkin variety development in India. The document outlines requirements and best practices for land selection, cultivation, pollination techniques, and harvesting for pumpkin seed production. It also covers post-harvest processing and storage of pumpkin seeds to maintain high quality and viability.
1) Pumpkin originated over 9,000 years ago in Central and South America. India is the second largest producer of pumpkin after China.
2) There are 26 pumpkin species, 5 of which are domesticated including Cucurbita moschata (pumpkin) and C. pepo (eaten as an immature fruit).
3) Quality seed production of pumpkin requires growing improved varieties at the proper spacing and fertilization, using manual pollination or insect pollination, applying pest and disease management, and harvesting mature fruits for seed extraction and drying.
1) Pumpkin originated over 9,000 years ago in Central and South America. India is the second largest producer of pumpkin after China.
2) There are 26 pumpkin species, 5 of which are domesticated including Cucurbita moschata (pumpkin) and C. pepo (eaten as an immature fruit).
3) For quality seed production, improved varieties are grown with proper spacing, fertilizer and irrigation management to maximize yield. Pollination is managed through manual methods or by placing beehives to ensure high purity seeds.
Bronx Green-Up provides horticultural assistance and training to local gardeners and organizations in the Bronx interested in greening projects like community gardens and urban farms. The organization aims to improve neighborhoods through these types of initiatives. Seed saving is an ancient practice that dates back to early farming, and it has benefits like adapting plants to local conditions, preserving plant varieties, and building self-reliance. There are different methods for cleaning and storing seeds depending on the type of plant, such as wet, dry, and fermentation processes. Proper record keeping of seed sources and characteristics is important for gardeners who collect their own seeds.
Seed Saving ~ New York Botanical Garden
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110 ~
HORTICULTURAL BOOKS by VANANGAMUDI K. pdfVanangamudiK1
HORTICULTURAL BOOKS
Dr. K. Vanangamudi
PUBLISHED BY NIPA
A HANDBOOK OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCES VOL. 1: PRINCIPLES & PRACTICES OF HORTICULTURE AND FRUIT SCIENCE
HORTICULTURAL SCIENCES VOL. 2: VEGETABLE SCIENCE AND ORNAMENTAL HORTICULTURE
A HANDBOOK OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCES VOL. 3: SPICES, PLANTATION, MEDICINAL, AROMATIC CROPS AND POST-HARVEST MANAGEMENT
MCQ's ON HORTICULTURE
FACTS AND FIGURES OF FRUIT CROPS - AN OVERVIEW.pdfVanangamudiK1
FACTS AND FIGURES OF FRUIT CROPS
COMMON NAME, SCIENTIFIC NAME, FAMILY, CHROMOSOME NUMBER, ORIGIN, INFLORESCENCE, FRUIT TYPE, FLOWERING
AND FRUITING PERIOD OF FRUIT CROPS
Production Technology of Fruit crops.pdfVanangamudiK1
This document provides information on the cultivation practices for various fruits. It includes the season, seed/planting material used, spacing, fertilizer and yield for fruits like mango, banana, acid lime, sweet orange, mandarin orange, grapes, guava, pineapple, sapota, papaya, pomegranate, jackfruit, ber, amla, jamun, custard apple, fig, West Indian cherry, litchi, avocado, loquat, karonda, carambola and passion fruit. The information is presented in a tabular format for easy reference of the key parameters for each fruit.
PROTECTION OF PLANT VARIETY AND FARMERS RIGHT ACT.pdfVanangamudiK1
PROTECTION OF PLANT VARIETY & FARMERS RIGHT ACT
Plant breeding
K Vanangamudi
TNPSC AO, HO, ADH, AAO, AHO EXAMS
ICAR AIEEA JRF & SRF for PG admissions exams
ICAR NET, ARS & STO (T-6) exams
IBPS – AFO exams
PPV & FR Act 2001
Notable features of PPV & FR Act
Farmers rights
Breeders Rights
Extant variety
Essentially Derived Variety (EDV)
Researchers right
Registration of plant varieties
National Gene Fund
Plant Variety Journal of India (PVJ of India)
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
Plant breeding
K Vanangamudi
TNPSC AO, HO, ADH, AAO, AHO EXAMS
ICAR AIEEA JRF & SRF for PG admissions exams
ICAR NET, ARS & STO (T-6) exams
IBPS – AFO exams
Protective umbrella of TRIPS covers
Orthodox or conventional IPR’s
Cyber Law
Geographical Indications of goods
Organizations involved in IPR
Variety release
Plant breeding
K Vanangamudi
TNPSC AO, HO, ADH, AAO, AHO EXAMS
ICAR AIEEA JRF & SRF for PG admissions exams
ICAR NET, ARS & STO (T-6) exams
IBPS – AFO exams
Official release of the varieties at Central and State levels
Procedure for release of the varieties at Central level
Organizational setup of Varietal Identification Committee (VIC)
Central Seed Committee (CSC)
Central Sub-Committee on Crop Standards, Notification and Release of Varieties for Agricultural Crops
Notification of varieties
Procedure for release of State variety
State Varietal Identification System
State Seed Subcommittee for Agricultural Crops
VARIETAL SEED PRODUCTION IN MAIZE
Seed Science & Technology
K Vanangamudi
ICAR AIEEA JRF & SRF for PG admissions exams
ICAR NET, ARS & STO (T-6) exams
IBPS – AFO exams
Zenia and metazenia in maize
Pre sowing seed treatment in maize
HYBRID SEED PRODUCTION IN MAIZE\
Seed Science & Technology
K Vanangamudi
ICAR AIEEA JRF & SRF for PG admissions exams
ICAR NET, ARS & STO (T-6) exams
IBPS – AFO exams
Detasseling
Single cross hybrid, Double cross hybrid, Single cross hybrid, Single cross hybrid, Three way hybrid, Double top cross hybrid
SEED VILLAGE
Seed Science & Technology
K Vanangamudi
ICAR AIEEA JRF & SRF for PG admissions exams
ICAR NET, ARS & STO (T-6) exams
IBPS – AFO exams
Concept, Features, History, Establishment and advantages of seed villages
Establishing seed processing unit
Advanta India seed village (Indian tobacco co-operation)
MSSRF seed village
Association of Indian development (AID) – seed village
CapTechTalks Webinar Slides June 2024 Donovan Wright.pptxCapitolTechU
Slides from a Capitol Technology University webinar held June 20, 2024. The webinar featured Dr. Donovan Wright, presenting on the Department of Defense Digital Transformation.
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...indexPub
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
How to Manage Reception Report in Odoo 17Celine George
A business may deal with both sales and purchases occasionally. They buy things from vendors and then sell them to their customers. Such dealings can be confusing at times. Because multiple clients may inquire about the same product at the same time, after purchasing those products, customers must be assigned to them. Odoo has a tool called Reception Report that can be used to complete this assignment. By enabling this, a reception report comes automatically after confirming a receipt, from which we can assign products to orders.
1. TRINITY CULTURAL ACADEMY, COIMBATORE
TITBITS 1: TROPICAL FRUITS
Prepared by
Dr. K. Vanangamudi
Formerly Dean (Agriculture), AC & RI, Coimbatore
Dean, Adhiparashakthi Agricultural College, Kalavai
Professor & Head (Seed Science & Technology)
Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,
Coimbatore
Contact: 9894904745
Mail: vanangamudi.tnau@gmail.com
Website: https://trinityculturalacademy.com/
YouTube: https://youtube.com/channel/UCWGv08j5jaZ-nkvz46HrBVw
1. Common name, botanical name and family
Fruit crop Botanical name Family
Mango Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae
Banana Musa spp Musaceae
Sapota Achras sapota Sapotaceae
Guava Psidium guajava Myrtaceae
Citrus Citrus reticulata Rutaceae
Papaya Carica papaya Caricaceae
Jack fruit Artocarpus heterophyllus Moraceae
2. Floral biology
Fruit crop Inflorescence Flower Fruit
Mango Panicle Hermaphrodite Drupe
2. Banana Flowering stalk/spathe Unisexual/monoecious Fruit
Sapota Solitary Bisexual/hermaphrodite Berry
Guava Solitary Bisexual Berry
Citrus Cluster cyme/solitary Bisexual Hesperidium
Papaya Branched inflorescence Dioecious or
hermaphroditie
Berries
Jack fruit Cauliflorous Monoecious Compound or aggregate
fruit
3. Flowering and pollination
Fruit crop Flowering Pollination
Mango Later half of January and continue to
do so till February under north Indian
Cross pollination, anthesis time between 9
to 10 AM, stigma receptivity upto 72 hours
3. Fruit crop Flowering Pollination
conditions, November or usually
during December in Andhra Pradesh.
It varies under different climatic
conditions.
after anthesis.
Banana Inflorescence emerges from the centre
of the pseudostem 10 to 15 months
after planting
Cross pollination
Sapota Throughout the year Cross pollination
Guava Flowers from September to
November
Anthesis time 5 and 6:30 AM, stigma
receptivity for 2 days
Citrus Flowering during February to April Self - pollination, anthesis time 9:00 AM
to 12 PM, stigma receptivity starts 2-3
days earlier to anthesis and lost 4 days after
anthesis
Papaya Flowering in five to six months of
planting
Self - pollination
Jack fruit Male spikes emerged from the end of
October to the middle of April,
female spikes appeared during
February and March
Cross pollination
4. Method of propagation
Fruit crop Seed Vegetative
Mango
Banana
Sapota x
Guava
Citrus
Papaya x
Jack fruit
: Yes; x: No
5. Seed development, maturity, collection, extraction and drying
Fruit
crop
Seed development/ maturity Collection Drying
Mango 120 DAA Seeds are best collected from
fully mature or ripe fruits
before the fruits have begun
to decay
Drying it for 2 days
Banana Fruits mature in about 60–90 days
after flowers
Extract seeds after ripening of
collected fruit
Many remain moist
for 1-2 weeks, place
on a paper towel to
dry
Sapota The sapota fruit requires from 120
to 245 days to mature after
Seeds from well ripe fruits are
collected, washed with water
Dried in shade
4. anthesis, depending on the
cultivar
Guava Fruit maturation approximately
3–5 months from anthesis
Collect the seeds from good
quality ripe fruit
Shade drying
Papaya 100 and 140 DAA Good quality riped fruit Sun or air drying in
the shade
6. Seed dormancy and germination improvement
Fruit
crop
Evidence of
dormancy
Period of
dormancy
Pretreatments
Mango - -
Banana 2 to 3 months Scarification with sulphuric acid, chipping of testa,
softening of testa by soaking and use of alternating
temperatures
Sapota - Soaking, dark condition.
Guava - 4 months after –ripening, pre-soak: 12-72 h,
scarification: concentrated hydrochloric acid for 3 min
Citrus x - -
Papaya 35 days Matri conditioning at 25°C for 4 days and GA4+7 for 4
days
7. Storage behaviour
Fruit crop Orthodox seed Recalcitrant seed
Mango x
Banana x
Sapota x
Guava x
Citrus x
Papaya x
Jack fruit x
: Yes; x: No
8. Seed storage
Fruit
crop
Storage
condition
Storage method Period of storage
Mango 51.0% Seed storage with charcoal, stored under moist
conditions at relatively low temperatures
7 months wet storage
with polythene bag at
15C
Banana 8-10% Moisture – proof containers at subzero (-20C) 6 months
Sapota 8-10% Air dry storage 24 months in air dry
storage at 5C
Guava 35-40% Low moisture and low temperature (8C)
charcoal in open and sealed containers
18 months
Citrus 35-40% Acid lime in perforated polythene bag,
ambient temperature, cold storage (5C).
3 months
5. Papaya 9- 10 % 15 or 5C 9 months
Jack
fruit
31 to 39% Moist storage, dry charcoal and damp
charcoal, 700 guage polythene bag, cryogenic
storage
Upto 40 days