Present and Future Innovations in Solid Waste Management in Malaysia
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Paper presented at International Conference on Waste Management, Ecology & Biological Sciences Kuala Lumpur 13-14 May 2015
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Present and Future Innovations in Solid Waste Management in Malaysia
- 1. Present and Future Innovations in Solid Waste Management (SWM) in Malaysia (ER1515220) By: Zaipul Anwar Zainu Malaysia Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia International Conference on Waste Management, Ecology & Biological Sciences Kuala Lumpur 13-14 May 2015 Download/Stream this presentation at http://zaipul.com using your smartphone
- 2. Challenges in Solid Waste Management (SWM) in Malaysia Challenging task due to:- Rapid Development. Industrialisation. Increase in Population. Complexity of type of waste generated. Many landfill sites almost coming towards the end of its lifecycle Price of land significantly increase. New type of waste such as e-waste becoming new threats Therefore new innovations in the approach towards managing solid waste are greatly needed
- 3. Amount of Waste Generated Average per-capita waste generated/person 0.85 kg/person/day 1.5 kg/person/day (major cities) Main approach to waste management is still using landfill Looking for alternatives to landfill
- 4. Current Practice of SWM in Malaysia • In general, waste management in Malaysia involves collection, transportation, segregation, treatment and disposal of organic, recyclable and inert waste. • Waste are treated by filling the land-site, incineration, recycling and composting.
- 5. Logistic and Collection • Separation at source between recyclables and non-recyclables are done on voluntary basis by Malaysians • Collection mechanism done by contractors appointed by Local Authorities. A two plus one (2 + 1) collection system: 2 days for residual and 1 day for recyclable waste • This year the government will make it compulsory for Malaysian household to separate the waste at source
- 6. Segregation, treatment, recycle and disposal • Wastes generated are segregated, treated whenever needed and then recycled or disposed off at 165 disposal sites all over the country which cater up to 95% of Malaysian waste . • However, about 80% of these open dumps have almost reached full capacity and are expected to be shut down over the next few years
- 7. Approved Land-fill Sites in Malaysia, 2013 We already have too many land fill site, and 80% of them have reached it’s useful life also. It is high time for us to seriously think about recycling our waste materials effectively. 80% have reached maximum useful life!
- 8. Current Challenges in SWM in Malaysia LANDFILL. Authorities in major cities in Malaysia are studying other waste management approaches. Among them is an approach to move away from unsanitary landfills INCINERATION is the second mostly used method to manage waste in Malaysia. It is one of the most effective means of dealing with various types of wastes. INCREASING COST. 40% - 80% of Local Authority expenditure is on managing solid waste and public cleansing. In this situation, LA is in most cases incapable of responding to this high cost expenditure, so government outsource. PUBLIC AWARENESS. The government has launched several recycling campaigns since the early years of 2000 to involve the participation of NGOs and community groups, unfortunately not that successful.
- 9. Future Sustainable Innovations in SWM The fastest growing hazardous solid waste in Malaysia currently is the e- waste (electrical and electronic waste). These e-wastes have the potential to leach out into landfills and will contaminate the surface and ground water. Malaysian government has introduced the first e-waste law in Malaysia – the Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations 2005. However the law focuses only on industrial, institutions and business entities generated e- waste. But until today there are no regulations or institutionalised system to manage household generated e-waste. Emerging Hazardous Waste Challenge
- 10. Malaysia among top 5 nations in the world with highest smartphone usage Malaysia is one of the 5 countries around the globe where smartphone usage is higher than computers. 51% of Malaysians use smartphones compared to the 39% that use computers. China, Hong Kong, Singapore and South Korea are the other countries in Asia that have the same trend according to survey done by Google at http://consumerbarometer.com. And each user of smartphones in Malaysia in average own 1.2 device/person Consumer Barometer Result:
- 11. Future Sustainable Innovations in SWM Lack of regulations and guidelines are one of the most serious problems that hinder the success of 3R programme, reduce, reuse and recycling programme in Malaysia Recycling activities need to be regulated to improve the recycling percentage among Malaysians Reduce, Reuse and Recycling (3R) programme
- 12. Future Sustainable Innovations in SWM Future planning Development of human capital and infrastructure that will deal with waste need to be develop. These are necessary to acquire expertise to carry out the task of waste management in the various municipalities effectively and efficiently. Enhancement of infrastructure and human resource management
- 13. Future Sustainable Innovations in SWM This is a factor that could defy a good strategy to manage solid waste in this country. In other words, at the moment the there is no DSS that has been developed for current waste management system. Successful waste management in any given country depends on reliable information about quantities, types, and the amount of material that can be captured and expected to envisage proper decision making in the future. Implementation of Decision Support System
- 14. Future Sustainable Innovations in SWM Emerging technology such as using thermal plasma waste treatment method that employs pyrolysis and/or gasification are available and looks promising but viability of the method needs to be verified. The development of pyrolysis and gasification technologies has been successfully deployed in large-scale plants in Europe, North America and Japan [10]. Similar setup can be developed in this country especially in the area where hazardous waste has been generated. Alternative Waste Treatment Technology
- 15. Conclusion The management of solid waste in Malaysia is a challenge that must be planned and implemented efficiently. Creative and innovative ideas and strategies need to be incorporated in the planning. This should also include the inclusion of latest technologies in waste treatment strategies. However, a fundamental requirement for more efforts to increase effectiveness and efficiency in achieving the set objectives on solid waste management with an integrated and sustainable perspective is absolutely a necessity.
- 16. Thank You For Your Attention. An E-Waste Robot
Editor's Notes
- Good Morning. My name is Zaipul Anwar. From MJIIT UTM. Currently I’m doing research in Advance Waste Management System for my PhD. (ALWAYS READ TITLE ABOVE, SAY NEXT BEFORE MOVING NEXT SLIDE)
- Our country is now facing very challenging task in managing solid waste. And this happened due to rapid development in the country, industrialisation process, increase in population and also the type of waste being generated also becomes more and more complex. Many landfill sites almost coming towards the end of its lifecycle. To have a new landfill site the, the price of land significantly increase. New type of waste such as e-waste becoming new threats In short the capacity of our landfill sites and the technology that we use to treat our waste is not enough therefore we need new innovations in managing waste in our country.
- Amount of waste generated is basically at 0.85 kg/perdon/day or 1.5 kg/person/day in big cities like KL. Our main approach towards treating our waste is still at dumping the waste to landfill sites and currently the country is looking at other alternatives to treat our waste.
- In general, waste management involves collection, transportation, segregation, treatment and disposal of organic, recyclable and inert waste. Waste are treated by filling the land fill-site, incineration, recycling and composting There are many type of solid waste being categorised in our country, among the most common are industrial waste, clinical waste, municipal and solid hazardous waste.
- Before the waste being collected by the contractors or concession companies appointed by LA, basically some of the waste will be separated at source by the waste generator by voluntary basis especially household waste, but for industrial waste they do undergo some separation/treatment process at source before being disposed. We were told that this year the government is going to make it compulsory, especially for Malaysian household to separate the waste being generated according to its type.
- Waste generated will be treated wherever applicable and then disposed off at 165 disposal sites that cater about 95% of waste, meaning only 5% of the waste is being treated outsite of landfill such s by recycling. However, about 80% of these open dumps have almost reached full capacity and are expected to be shut down over the next few years
- As you can see in this graphic, we already have too many land fill site, and 80% of them have reached it’s useful life. So it is high time for us to seriously think about recycling our waste materials effectively.
- LANDFILL. Due to current situation of our landfill, authorities in major cities in Malaysia are studying other waste management approaches. INCINERATION is the second mostly used method to manage waste in Malaysia. It is one of the most effective means of dealing with various types of wastes. Despite being an attractive technological option for waste treatment, this treatment technology has been intensely debated in the country since incineration do have some harmful effects to the environment if we are not careful in managing it. INCREASING COST. 40% - 80% of LA expenditure is on managing solid waste and public cleansing. In this situation, LA is in most cases incapable of responding to this high cost expenditure since the necessary resources to implement adequate solid waste management systems are generally quite high. PUBLIC AWARENESS. The government has launched several recycling campaigns since the early years of 2000 to involve the participation of NGOs and community groups as well as the launch of an extensive public education and publicity campaign. Unfortunately the did not receive good response from the public. It was not that successful.
- Among the example for emerging or new type of hazardous waste are e-waste, electrical electronic waste. The type of e-waste is very harmful to the environment because it can leak to the ground and contaminate surface and ground water resources. To cater this problem the government has introduced a new law to mange e-waste but only applicable to industrial e-waste not to household type of generated e-waste, so a few study has been done to develop system to manage household e-waste.
- Malaysia is one of the 5 countries around the globe where smartphone usage is higher than computers. 51% of Malaysians use smartphones compared to the 39% that use computers. China, Hong Kong, Singapore and South Korea are the other countries in Asia that have the same trend according to survey done by Google at http://consumerbarometer.com. And each user of smartphones in Malaysia in average own 1.2 device/person These smartphone phone contain battery that when discarded will be able to cause harmful effects to the environment. Not only battery on the phone but also power bank. We have to take notice about the power bank also because of the harmful effect of power bank also to the environment.
- Currently there are no specific regulation especially for household generated waste that require the waste generator to recycle the waste. So the country really need something related to this in order to improve the recycling activity in the country.
- The country also need to upgrade the current human resource and infrastructure related to this upgrading process in order sustain and innovate the SWM in Malaysia. These are necessary to acquire expertise to carry out the future task of waste management.
- This is another factor that need to be considered by the government in order to properly manage waste in Malaysia. The DSS. Currently we do not have a centralise system to integrate all waste management system in our country especially among the concession companies that collect and treat the waste. Without a centralise decision support system we can’t improve and maintain the system at optimum level.
- We also need to consider implementing an alternative waste treatment technology, because as I mentioned earlier we have problems with our landfill sites, majority of them have already comes towards the end of their useful life. Emerging technology such as using thermal plasma waste management system to treat especially hazardous waste is currently being research in the university that currently I’m in actually. We are looking at the viability to implement the system in our country at large.
- To face the challenges in SWM the country need creativity and innovation and consider incorporating latest technologies in waste treatment system. And also to incorporate an integrated and sustainable planning for the future of SWM in the country.
- With that I end my presentations.