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Tree diversityday2012 ganesan.pptx
This document summarizes a presentation on tree diversity given by Rengaian Ganesan of Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE) in Bangalore, India. It discusses three major programs at ATREE related to tree diversity: 1) Mapping and monitoring tree diversity and estimating ecosystem service values, 2) Understanding and enhancing the role of trees in livelihoods using participatory approaches, and 3) Restoring tree diversity using participatory approaches. Specific examples are provided on agroforestry experiences in India, linking forest fragments to pollination of orange plantations, and meeting fuelwood demands through planting diverse tree species outside of forests to reduce pressure on forest resources.
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Tree diversityday2012 ganesan.pptx
- 1. Tree Diversity Day 11 October 2012, 1030 – 1830 hrs, Rio Pavilion CBD COP 11 at the 11th Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD COP 11) Agroforestry as strategy in dryland restoration: experiences in India Rengaian Ganesan Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE) Bangalore
- 2. India with diverse About 69 percent (228 million ha) of India is forests and equally • dry land – arid, semi-‐arid and dry sub-‐humid diverse vegetation • heavily populated types • livelihood and food security Out of 17000 species of flowering plants 2863 species are trees
- 3. Three major programs on tree diversity at ATREE 1. Mapping and monitoring tree diversity and estimating value of ecosystem services 2. Understanding and enhancing the role of tree diversity in livelihoods , using participatory approaches. 3. Restoring tree diversity, also using participatory approaches picture
- 4. MONITORING TREE DIVERSITYAND ESTIMATING VALUE OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES Changing plant species composition and growth rates – Indicators of climate change Permanent Monitoring Plot
- 5. Multiple drivers leading to interspecific competitive interaction – that shapes the population structure of Phyllanthus emblica Hemi-‐ Lantana parasite, Grazing Natural death Fire Drought (2002-‐2004) Invasives Effective management for conservation Hemi-‐parasite plants requires disentangling the effects of Grazing in Lantana-‐free area different drivers to identify those most responsible for species decline. Invasives, Hemi-‐parasite plants – Forest management practices
- 6. Native shade trees, Pollinators and Organic Coffee At farm scale Shade management Rustic shade Native shade trees Silver oak Natural farming dominated shade as a way of life Sophisticated 0rganic farming with certification (niche for large farmers) Shade Sun – loving coffee Coffea arabica to Coffea canephora
- 7. Linkage between trees in forest fragments and Orange Plantations-‐ serviced by wild pollinators Forest fragments and Orange Plantations-‐ Pollination service NTFP from forest patches – Persea odoratissima & Machilus edulis Urbashi.P & Soubadra,M.
- 8. Trees in water shed management Jagdish Krishnaswamy
- 9. Restoring tree diversity, also using participatory approaches Bandipur Tiger reserve, Karnataka • restore arid degraded forest in wildlife corridor • Livelihood availability of forest resources, • water table for downstream agricultural lands
- 10. 2. Understanding and enhancing the role of tree diversity in livelihoods , using participatory approaches. How do farmers value the trees? Sacred tree –Aglaia courtalensis • Timber • Fodder • Leaf manure • Bio-‐pesticide • Fuelwood • Money • Sacredness Wild Avocado fruits – Persea odoratissima Lopped Ficus trees in farmlands for fodder, minor timber (e.g.,poles)
- 11. Tree lopped for leaf manure Fruits of Indian gooseberry-‐ Phyllanths emblica Fuelwood from trees in farmland Fodder from trees in the farmland
- 12. Rock bee hives Ecological Services Refugia – Pollinators Wind breakers Soil binders Nutrient & water cycling Fruit bats Dryland farming = tree-‐based farming
- 13. Tree diversity in livelihoods -‐ using participatory approaches Forest fringe villages around Protected Area-‐ Can we help improve the condition (biodiversity) of these dry forests and also meet Bandipur the fuelwood requirements Tiger Reserve of the dependent community? Bannarghatta National park Kalakad-‐Mundanthurai Tiger reserve • The boundary in most places is sharp -‐ Intensive Wetland Farming • Limited Fuel wood and Fodder sources Kalakad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve Twigs of Ipomoea fistulosa – as Fuelwood
- 14. How much was the biomass requirements of these villages and can we raise the fuelwood source outside the forest? 17 months of census fuel collectors on regular paths -‐ 28 tons of forest fuel wood / month for three villages Amounts to about 300 tons per year and is removed from a large area of forest roughly about 10 sq km.
- 15. HOW TO MEETFUELWOOD DEMANDS FROM OUTSIDE THE FORESTS? Diverse native and exotic fast growing multiple purpose tree species 54 tree species – 18 fuelwood , 16 species fodder, 16 fruits, rest timber Top 5 species constituted 55% of the basal area of which 4 are fuelwood species Within 4 years 247 m2 basal area of trees– 42 % basal area contributed by 4 fuelwood species
- 16. Biomass generation inhomestead -Fuelwood, Fodder Three Year trees in backyard of 5 sq m, 700 kgs of fuelwood in addition to timber US$100 Income generation Women Self-‐Help Group Nursery Gmelina arborea, Cassia fistula,
- 17. COMMON DRYLAND TREES OFKARNATAKA Bilingual field guide
- 18. Acknowledgements FORD Foundation Sir Dorabji Tata Trust Dept. Biotechnology, Govt. of India S.M.Sehgal Foundation