Trecs
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The document summarizes T cell receptor excision circle (TREC) formation during T cell development in the thymus. Multipotent precursor cells from the bone marrow enter the thymus and undergo rearrangement of T cell receptor genes. This involves joining of variable, diversity and joining gene segments. Cells that successfully rearrange genes and interact with cortical epithelial cells develop into double positive cells that differentiate into either CD4+ or CD8+ single positive T cells. Those that bind self antigens too strongly or too weakly undergo apoptosis, while the remaining cells migrate out of the thymus as mature naive T cells. TRECs are formed as a byproduct of gene rearrangement and can be quantified to study thymocyte development
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T cell-mediated immune response explained with basics of T cell development, activation, and differentiation
T-Cell Development.pdf
This document discusses T-cell development and maturation in the thymus. It explains that progenitor T-cells migrate to the thymus where they undergo rearrangement of T-cell receptor genes. They then go through positive and negative selection processes. Positive selection ensures they can recognize self-MHC molecules, while negative selection eliminates self-reactive T-cells. This results in a T-cell repertoire that is MHC-restricted and self-tolerant. The double-positive stage is when selection occurs, determining which cells will mature into single-positive CD4 or CD8 T-cells that migrate out of the thymus.
thymic selection of tcells
about beta selection positive selection and negative...
chect it on youtube. https://youtu.be/fnRtaQNhidM
Adaptive immunity
The document discusses adaptive immunity and the specific immune response. It describes how adaptive immunity provides lifelong protective immunity through antigen-specific responses that are mediated by lymphocytes, including B cells, T cells, helper T cells, and killer T cells. Lymphocytes have antigen receptors like the B cell receptor and T cell receptor that provide specificity. The adaptive immune response develops over a person's lifetime through somatic recombination and clonal selection that generates a diverse repertoire of lymphocytes each with a unique receptor.
Chapter 9 Basic immunology ppts DZ 2010.ppt
This document summarizes key concepts about T cell maturation, activation, and differentiation from Chapter 9. It describes how T cells mature in the thymus through positive and negative selection to recognize antigen only in the context of self-MHC. The structure and role of the T cell receptor and accessory molecules like CD4, CD8, and CD3 in antigen recognition and signal transduction are also summarized. Finally, it discusses the requirements for T cell activation, including engagement of the TCR with antigen/MHC and costimulatory molecules.
T-CELL ENGINEERING IN THERAPEUTICS
T-cell engineering involves modifying T-cells to target specific antigens through two main methods: transferring genes encoding tumor-specific T-cell receptors or engineering T-cells with chimeric antigen receptors. Chimeric antigen receptors are artificial receptors that combine the antigen recognition domain of an antibody with T-cell activating signaling domains to redirect T-cell specificity. Engineered CAR T-cell therapies show promise in treating cancers by recognizing tumor-associated antigens and triggering T-cell mediated killing of cancer cells, though they still require pre-conditioning with chemotherapy.
T cell maturation050406
T cells mature in the thymus where they undergo positive and negative selection to ensure MHC restriction and self-tolerance. Upon activation, T cells require two signals - signal 1 through the TCR interacting with MHC-peptide and signal 2 through co-stimulatory molecules like CD28 and B7 interacting. Without co-stimulation, T cells become anergic or apoptotic. Certain antigens called superantigens can bypass normal antigen recognition and cause polyclonal activation by binding both the TCR and MHC. After activation, T cells differentiate into effector and memory populations, and activation-induced cell death regulates termination.
T cell maturation and antigen presentation
Madhu Deepika O presented a seminar on T-cell maturation and antigen presentation. The presentation discussed how progenitor T-cells migrate to the thymus and undergo rearrangement of T cell receptor genes. It described the four stages of T-cell development in the thymus from double negative to double positive and single positive cells. The presentation also explained the process of antigen presentation, how antigens are processed through the cytosolic and endocytic pathways and presented on MHC class I and II molecules to activate CD8+ and CD4+ T cells.
T cells
This document summarizes T cells and their activation process. It describes how T cells develop from stem cells in the bone marrow then migrate to the thymus to mature. The main types of mature T cells are helper CD4+ T cells and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Activation of T cells requires two signals: recognition of antigen by the T cell receptor, and a costimulatory signal such as CD28 binding. When activated, T cells proliferate and secrete cytokines like IL-2 that stimulate immune responses. Memory T cells provide long-lasting immunity upon pathogen reexposure.
Cd4 and cd8 cells by RK
CD4+ and CD8+ cells are types of T cells that are distinguished based on the presence of cell surface marker proteins called CD4 and CD8. CD4+ cells are helper T cells that recognize antigens presented by MHC class II molecules and help activate other immune cells. CD8+ cells are cytotoxic T cells that recognize antigens presented by MHC class I molecules and directly kill infected cells. The ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ cells provides information about immune system health, with a lower ratio potentially indicating conditions like HIV infection.
Lecture101210.ppt
Malignant tumors arise due to failures in cell regulation and social behavior that lead to uncontrolled proliferation and dissemination of mutated cells. Carcinogens like radiation and chemicals can cause proto-oncogene and anti-oncogene mutations involved in tumor suppression. The immune system normally eliminates tumor cells, but tumors evade immune responses through antigen variability, lack of costimulation, and inhibitory factors. Immunotherapy aims to stimulate anti-tumor immunity through monoclonal antibodies, cell therapies, vaccines, and cytokines. Transplantation success depends on donor-recipient HLA matching to avoid rejection mediated by antibodies and T cells recognizing non-self antigens. Graft-versus-host disease occurs when donor T cells attack recipient tissues, while the graft-
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Trecs
- 1. T cell Receptor Excision Circles (TRECs) in Thymocyte Development Anna Merca VIV, SMI Fall 2006
- 3. Markers in lymphocyte development
- 7. TRD & TRA gene rearrangement Hazenberg et al 2001
- 8. TRB gene rearrangement Hazenberg et al 2001
- 9. Double Positive Cells interact with Cortical Epithelial Cells Immunobiology 5 th edition
- 10. Double Positive Cell Develops into Single Positive CD8+ T cells Immunobiology 5 th edition
- 11. Double Positive Cell Develops into Single Positive CD4+ T cells Immunobiology 5 th edition
- 13. Model of Human αβ and γδ Thymocyte development Hazenberg et al 2001 TCR β exp CD 34 exp 34 + 1a- 34 + 1a + 34 + 4 + 34 - 4 + 4 + 8 α + β - 8 β + 3 - γδ TCR + αβ TCR CD8 SP CD4 SP γδ potential β selection
- 15. Factors affecting TREC content Hazenberg et al 2001