The document discusses different materials used for sewer pipes including stoneware, cast iron, rigid PVC, and cement concrete. Stoneware pipes are made from clay and come in various sizes, with joints joined using cement mortar, polyester rings, or sleeves. Cast iron pipes are strong and durable but heavy, while rigid PVC is light but resistant to chemicals. Cement concrete pipes can be plain or reinforced and come in various classes depending on their pressure resistance. The document provides details on each material type including their advantages and disadvantages as well as joining methods.

1. Traps andSewers
Building Services Presentation
Rohan Choudhary
Prashant Chauhan
Jatin Kashyap
Akaldeep Singh

2. SEWERS
Sewers are the drains or closed
conduits, used for the
conveyance and carriage of
sewage from the house drain, to
the sewage treatment plant.
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3. Materials
Stoneware
Cast iron
Rigid PVC
Cement Concrete
Asbestos Cement
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4. Materials
 CI,AC or PVC pipes are generally used for above ground drainage.
 For underground sewers stoneware pipes,CI or CC pipes are
generally used because of there higher strength and ability to
withstand to external pressure .
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5. STONEWARE
PIPES
 Stoneware pipes, are also
known as vitrified clay pipes
are prepared from clays and
shales.
 They are manufactured in
sizes 8O to 6OOO mm in dia,
but sizes more than 380 mm
dia are not used in cost
consideration.
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6. Joints inSW
Pipes
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7. Laying of
Stoneware
pipes
 All pipes are laid on a bed of 15cm cement or lime concrete.
 The sewers with there crown level at 1.2mm depth and less from
ground are covered with 15cm thick concrete all around the pipe.
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8. Jointing ofSW
Cement mortar joint
Polyester and rubber ring joint
Sleeved joint
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9. A
Advantages Disadvantages
SW pipes are strong enough to take the
load of backfilling and traffic.
These sewers being brittle in nature, are
likely to be damaged during transport or
handling operations.
The interior surface being smooth and
impervious, carrying capacity of sewage
is good.
These sewers are bulky and heavy in
weight.
SW pipes are cheap and easily available.
These sewers are durable and resist
corrosion against most acids.
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Advantages and Disadvantages
12 May 2015

10. StraightSW
pipes
 In the socketed pipes,
one end has socket and
other end is called
spigot.
 The interior of socket
and exterior of socket
has grooves for holding
the jointing material in
place.
 Normally 100 to 150
diameter pipes are used.
 Larger diameters pipes
are used for public
sewers.
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11. Radius bends
 These are used at horizontal
and vertical changes of
direction of straight lengths
of drains.
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12. SW junctions
 These are necessary between
drains.
 The branch or the arm of the
junctions should be obliquely
inclined in the direction of
the flow of sewage.
 Right angled or squared
junctions should be
completely avoided.
 In unavoidable
circumstances, branch pipe
which is at right angles to a
main drain should be
connected by mean of
oblique junction and slow
bend.
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13. Taper pipes
 Taper pipes are used when
there is a need to increase or
decrease the size of
stoneware pipes.
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14. Bending/Encas
ing stoneware
pipes
Internal
diameter
Thickness of
barrel socket in
mm
100 12
150 16
200 17
250 19
300 20
350 25
400 30
450 35
500 38
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15. CAST IRON
PIPES
Cast iron pipes are
strong and
durable.The
surfaces of CI
pipes are coated
with paint or
cement concrete,
so as to avoid its
reaction with
acids contained in
the sewage.
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16. 12 May 2015 Building Services Presentation 16
CAST IRON
PIPES
CI pipes are used in following cases:
When the drain passes under a
structure of covered area.
When the drains passes the under a
road, which is subjected to heavy
traffic and where the covering
cushion is not considered sufficient.
When the drain passes through a
place where it is subjected to
vibration.

17. JointsOfCI
Pipes
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20. RIGID PVC
DRANAGE
SYSTEM
 They are widely accepted for applications such as cold water
services, internal external water system water mains, rain water
system and underground drainage water pipe system
 Rigid PVC pipes are generally available from 16 to 350mm
diameter, but pipes of sizes up to 600 diameter also produced.
 Rigid PVC is resistant to most inorganic acids, alkalis and sault as
well as many organic chemical.
 It is quit resistant to most effluents, sault water, corrosive fumes,
soil and the likes, which leads to its application over a wide field.
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22. RIGID PVC
JOINTS
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23. RIGID PVC
FITTINGS
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24. CEMENT
CONCRETE
PIPES
 Cement concrete pipes are used for carrying sewage may be plain
or reinforced.
 PlainCement concrete pipes are used in sewerage system on a
limited scale, and generally reinforced pipes are used.
 Reinforced pipes are manufactured by centrifugal process or spun
process.
 The RCC spun pipes are of two types:
Non pressure
Pressure pipe
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Class Description Table Pressure
(Hydrostatics)
Conditions where normally used
NP1 Unreinforced concrete
non pressure pipes
0.7 kg sq cm
(7 meter head)
For drainage and irrigation use, above ground and shallow
trenches.
NP2 Reinforced concrete
light duty, non
pressure pipes
0.7 kg sq cm
(7 meter head)
For drainage and irrigation use, for culverts carrying light
traffic.
NP3 Reinforced concrete
medium duty non
pressure pipes
0.7 kg sq cm
(7 meter head)
For drainage and irrigation use, for culverts carrying heavy
traffic.
NP4 Reinforced concrete,
heavy duty, non
pressure pipes
0.7 kg sq cm
(7 meter head)
For drainage and irrigation use, for culverts carrying heavy
traffic such as railway loading.
P1 Reinforced concrete
pressure pipes.
2 kg sq cm
(20 meter head)
For use on gravity mains, the design pressure not exceeding
2/3rd of the test pressure.
P2 Reinforced concrete
pressure pipes.
4 kg sq cm
(40 meter head)
For use on pumping mains, the design pressure not
exceeding half of the test pressure.
P3 Reinforced concrete
pressure pipes.
6 kg sq cm
(60 meter head)
For use on pumping mains, the design pressure not
exceeding half of the test pressure.
12 May 2015

27. Reinforcements
inCC pipes
Single circular cage
 For the sewers of diameter
not more than 80cm the
single circular cage
reinforcement is provided.
Double circular cage
 If the diameter of the pipe
exceeds 80cm, and is subject
to both internal and external
pressure CC pipes are
provided double reinforced
cage.
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28. RCC PIPES
SECTION
Single and double
reinforcement
CC sewer pipe with elliptical
cage
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29. RCC PIPE
WITH
SECTION
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30. Shapes of
sewers
Egg shaped section Horse shoe section
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31. Shapes of
sewers
Parabolic section Box type section
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32. Process of
lying RCC
sewer pipe
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