2. January 7, 2021
The objectives of this course is to assist students to
understand on how:
• To cut and fix cold water distribution pipes, sanitary
fittings and drain pipes.
• To carryout simple arc and gas welding
• To carryout simple domestic electrical installations
2
COURSE OBJECTIVES
3. Learning Context
This module will be taught through lectures, tutorials, practical and assignments.
Contents: -
Plumbing:-
a) Methods of cutting, joining and fixing different types of pipes.
b) Installation of sanitary fittings, drains; and installation of water supply facilities in
residences.
Welding:
a) Types and purpose of welding.
b) Arc welding , the process of welding and the methods of butt and fillet welds.
c) Oxy-acetylene welding and, the procedure of carrying out the welding process.
Electrical installation:
a) Principles of carrying out simple domestic electrical installation .
b) Cary out simple electrical installation.
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4. Reference Books
1. Frederick, E. H (1991), Essentials building
services and equipment (2nd edition), Butter
Worth.
2. Vazirani, V. N. (1990), Building Construction,
Khanna Publisher, India.
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5. Method of Assessment
• The module will be assessed through assignments,
test, and end of semester examination.
• Continuous assessment
Test – 25%, 8TH Week
Assignment – 15% , 10th week
• Semester Examination - 60%
THE EXAMINATION WILL CONSISTS OF 5
QUESTIONS OF 12MARKS EACH
Two questions on plumbing
Two questions on welding
One question on electrical installation
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6. PLUMBING
What is plumbing?
Refers to a system of pipes
and fixtures installed in a
building for distribution of
portable water and the
removal of waterborne
wastes.
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Supply
pipes
Fixtures
Drainage
pipes
7. Plumbing cont...
• A complete plumbing system provides an
adequate supply of water and removes waste.
• There are three principal parts:
1. Water supply system.
2. Water and waste removal system.
3. Plumbing fixtures.
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8. Plumbing terminologies
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• Potable water - Water that is safe for human
consumption free from impurities.
• fitting – a joint or connector used in pipe system
• Stack – vertical drain waste and vent water piping
• Riser – Vertical water supply piping supplying one
or more floors
• Branch – horizontal piping for plumbing other
than riser
• Main – principal pipe supply for connecting
branches
• Soil lines – pipes that conveys sewage or waste
water from a toilet to sewer
9. Plumbing terminologies cont..
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• P-trap -provides a water “barrier” that allows fluid
to pass through and then settles back to block sewer
gas from re-entering the room through the fixture
inlet
10. Plumbing terminologies cont..
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• Water service - water distribution service – water
piping within the building to point of usage
• Water supply system – all water pipes, fittings,
control valves within and adjacent to building
• Valves- a device used to stop or regulate the flow of
water in the pipe
11. Most Common Materials
1. PVC – (Polyvinyl Chloride) mainly used in water
supply, Sewer and Venting
Sanitary Mains are typically 4” in a home, and vary
in size from 2”-3”
The main sanitary line will connect from the tap at
the municipal main near the property boundary to
the structure it serves
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12. Most Common Materials cont..
• PVC - It has become a common replacement for
metal piping. PVC’s strength, durability, easy
installation, and low cost have made it one of the
most widely used plastics in the world
• However, the materials are not suitable for
temperatures over 140⁰ C because this can cause
softening of the material and weakening of joints.
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13. Most Common Materials cont..
2. Copper Pipe (for Potable Water)
Runs from the water meter at the property line
to the structure it serves
Sizes usually range from ½” to 2” within a
home
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14. Most Common Materials cont.
3. Galvanized steel and brass pipe
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• Galvanized materials often produce rust when
exposed to certain water qualities.
– That makes them a poor choice for water
distribution systems.
– For this reason, brass materials are more widely
used.
• Galvanized is commonly used to cap or plug pipe
ends and to test piping systems because it is less
expensive than brass.
15. Plumbing fittings for water supply and waste
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Pipe fittings are accessories used in plumbing to:
Join lengths of pipe
Provide changes of direction
Provide branch connections at different angles
Effect a change in size
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Tee - A fitting having three connections.
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A coupling is also known as a sleeve and connects
two equal-sized pipe ends to form one continuous
pipe.
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Reducer
• A fitting designed to connect two different
pipe sizes together
• A fitting reducer is a street fitting, and the largest
side is the street side, which inserts into a socket of
another fitting to reduce a pipe size.
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A bush is a fitting design for connecting two different
pipe sizes.
– Similar to a fitting reducer, except more compact.
• Not all types of piping systems use bushings.
– They are more common for threaded and plastic
systems.
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Union
• It is a fitting designed to provide access directly
within a piping system.
• Various designs are available to connect similar and
dissimilar materials.
• DWV systems utilize them for portions of a system
that require sewage pumps.
22. Tools used by Plumber
• There are many different tools that a plumber can
use. Depending on the job and the location. The
tools can range from very small to very large. The
types of tools depend on whether your installing or
repairing.
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24. An ordinary vise attached t
o a workbench to hold pipe
s or plumbing components
in place while it is being wo
rked on.
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BENCH YOKE VICE
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CHAIN WRENCH
The wrench consists of a lever handle with
a serrated jaw. The jaw is held in contact with the
pipe by a roller chain that wraps around the pipe.
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PIPE WRENCH
Pipe Wrenches, device used to hold pipes during
plumbing works. Pipe wrenches are usually sold in the
following sizes (in inches): 10, 14, 18, 24, 36, and 48.
They are usually made of either steel or aluminum
They have heavy toothed jaws for gripping pipe. The
teeth are set at an angle to grip the soft pipe. You will
generally need at least two as they often have to be used
together to loosen or tighten pipe..
Three types of pipe wrenches are the Straight, End and
Offset
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PIPE CUTTER
The pipe cutter is something no plumber is
without. They are used for cutting pipe.
Different sizes and types of pipe require
different cutters.
Cutting is accomplished by forcing the cutting
wheel into the pipe material and rotating the tool
around the pipe a number of times
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STOCKS AND DIES
Die - An adjustable tool for cutting threads on or in
a pipe.
Stock - A frame to hold a die when cutting
external threads on a pipe.
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HACKSAW
A manual metal cutting saw. It has replaceable
blades. The plumber will use this saw for
cutting metal pipe and it can be used for cutting
plastic pipe as well. It is not usually used for
precision cutting.
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JAB SAW
Is used to fit into tight spaces that a
hacksaw cannot. This saw uses a hacksaw
blade inserted into a handle.
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MEASURING TAPE
Most plumbers (and other trades people) will carry a
steel measuring tape. They are convenient with
automatic retractable blades. These come in different
sizes from 1cm – 2.5 cm wide and 2 metres – 8 metres
long.
Longer tapes are available up to about 100 metres
long. These are usually have steel or fibre glass
blades and have a winding mechanism for retracting
the blades.
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Used for marking and measuring a piece of pipe
and for keeping things square.
TRY SQUARE
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A tool used to determine if something is horizontal
(level) or vertical (plumb)
There are a variety of sizes of these.
LEVEL
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is a handsaw with a tapered blade that is used to cut
pvc pipes
COMPASS SAW
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They have cutting teeth that remove small bits of
material. There are a variety of types of files that
are used for different purposes. Files are
designated by their coarseness as well. Generally
you would have a 10” – 12” file with second-cut
teeth.
FILES
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used for cutting metal. There are a variety of styles:
flat, cape, round nose, and diamond point. The
plumber will generally have a flat chisel which can be
used to cut cast iron pipe.
COLD CHISEL
