This document has been developed by the Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association for design and installation of
PVC fittings where solid-wall PVC pipe is used in non-pressure applications.
The guide provides information on the wide range of fittings that are available for various dimension
ratios and outside diameters of PVC pipe through 60-inch.
Also included is information on installation practices that are intended to optimize the performance of
PVC fittings.
Great tool provides insight into key considerations when determining whether sliplining or rehabilitating an existing culvert, bridge or storm sewer would be ideal.
Lift-Off Pipe Supports are designed, manufactured and installed with one purpose, to minimize corrosion at the Pipe/Support interface.
Supports are designed specifically to suite the application, but we do use a standard design to cater for all our supports, eliminating complicated choices between components.
The Lift-Off pipe Supports are patented and is a registered trade name.
Please contact us at: www.liftoffpipe.com,
Phone: 337-515-8590
This document has been developed by PVCPA for use as a field tapping guide. Detailed recommendations for equipment and procedures are included for tapping polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pressure pipe and molecularly oriented polyvinyl chloride (PVCO) pressure pipe.
The statements contained in this installation guide are those of PVCPA and are not warranties, nor are they intended to be warranties. Inquiries for information on specific products, their attributes and
recommended uses, and the manufacturer’s warranty should be directed to PVC pipe producers.
. We provide products like HDPE Pipes, tubewell casing pipes, Column pipes, UPVC Pipes, PVC pipes, etc. Come to Natraj for your next home renovation project! We're the best pressure pipe manufacturer in eastern India. Our uPVC tubes are long-lasting and affordable so you can enjoy beautiful views of friends or family members admiration from every angle while they admire how durable our products seem like when compared side by side with other brands on sale today - don't hesitate any longer: contact us now before these limited quantities run out!!
Contact us on Phone: 91-33-3055 1829/1830 and Email: info@natrajpipes.com
Need a proven solution to remove surface runoff? Contech's Slotted Drain™ has over 100-years of proven in the ground performance and can remove over 50% more surface runoff than alternative inlet solutions.
Great tool provides insight into key considerations when determining whether sliplining or rehabilitating an existing culvert, bridge or storm sewer would be ideal.
Lift-Off Pipe Supports are designed, manufactured and installed with one purpose, to minimize corrosion at the Pipe/Support interface.
Supports are designed specifically to suite the application, but we do use a standard design to cater for all our supports, eliminating complicated choices between components.
The Lift-Off pipe Supports are patented and is a registered trade name.
Please contact us at: www.liftoffpipe.com,
Phone: 337-515-8590
This document has been developed by PVCPA for use as a field tapping guide. Detailed recommendations for equipment and procedures are included for tapping polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pressure pipe and molecularly oriented polyvinyl chloride (PVCO) pressure pipe.
The statements contained in this installation guide are those of PVCPA and are not warranties, nor are they intended to be warranties. Inquiries for information on specific products, their attributes and
recommended uses, and the manufacturer’s warranty should be directed to PVC pipe producers.
. We provide products like HDPE Pipes, tubewell casing pipes, Column pipes, UPVC Pipes, PVC pipes, etc. Come to Natraj for your next home renovation project! We're the best pressure pipe manufacturer in eastern India. Our uPVC tubes are long-lasting and affordable so you can enjoy beautiful views of friends or family members admiration from every angle while they admire how durable our products seem like when compared side by side with other brands on sale today - don't hesitate any longer: contact us now before these limited quantities run out!!
Contact us on Phone: 91-33-3055 1829/1830 and Email: info@natrajpipes.com
Need a proven solution to remove surface runoff? Contech's Slotted Drain™ has over 100-years of proven in the ground performance and can remove over 50% more surface runoff than alternative inlet solutions.
Pipe line activities To know about fabrication and modifications work Instal...mkpq pasha
Pipe line activities
To know about fabrication and modifications work
Installations reactive drawings
Pipe line activities
To know about fabrication and modifications work
Installations reactive drawings
Pipe line activities
To know about fabrication and modifications work
Installations reactive drawings
Pipe line activities
To know about fabrication and modifications work
Installations reactive drawings
introduction to molecular oriented polyvinyl chloride pvco pipeManishPatel169454
The manufacturing process for PVCO causes realignment of the molecular structure
from random orientation to circumferential orientation. This increases the material’s
mechanical strength and toughness. Once completed, PVCO pipe has an HDB of 7,100
psi. Owing to PVCO’s different HDB values, the dimension ratio (DR) classification for
conventional PVC is not used for PVCO. Instead, PVCO is referenced only by pressure
class (PC) or pressure rating (PR).
Types of fluid conductors in hydraulic circuits and their advantages and disadvantages. Selection criteria for the fluid conductors and the procedure to determine their size.
Piping Components Handbook (Piping Training Material) for Oil & Gas EngineerVarun Patel
Learn in detail every aspect of Pipe & Pipe Fittings used in process industry
•Different types of Pipe, Pipe fittings (Elbow, Tee, reducers, Caps etc.), Flanges, Gaskets, Branch Connection, Bolting materials
•Materials (Metal-Carbon Steel, Stainless Steel, Alloy Steel etc. Non-Metal- PVC/VCM, HDPE, GRE-GRP etc.)
•Manufacturing methods
•Heat treatment requirements
•Inspection and Testing requirements (Non Destructive Testing, Mechanical & Chemical testing)
•Dimensions & Markings requirements
•Code & Standard used in piping
In 1943 when Bonney Forge pioneered
the “Shape of Reinforcement” for branch connections, who would have thought it would fast become a
recog- nized industry standard. Today, Bon- ney Forge Branch Connections offer complete run pipe
reinforcement while avoiding cracks, fillet welds, and sharp re-entrant corner reinforcement taper-
ing at the sides, thus preventing abrupt changes in thickness where the fitting
joins the header pipe.
There are common misconceptions among design engineers regarding pipe stiffness, pipe
deflection, impact strength, abrasion, and design life when comparing PVC and fiberglass
(FRP) sewer pipes. When correct evaluations are done, PVC is the product of choice.
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To know about fabrication and modifications work
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introduction to molecular oriented polyvinyl chloride pvco pipeManishPatel169454
The manufacturing process for PVCO causes realignment of the molecular structure
from random orientation to circumferential orientation. This increases the material’s
mechanical strength and toughness. Once completed, PVCO pipe has an HDB of 7,100
psi. Owing to PVCO’s different HDB values, the dimension ratio (DR) classification for
conventional PVC is not used for PVCO. Instead, PVCO is referenced only by pressure
class (PC) or pressure rating (PR).
Types of fluid conductors in hydraulic circuits and their advantages and disadvantages. Selection criteria for the fluid conductors and the procedure to determine their size.
Piping Components Handbook (Piping Training Material) for Oil & Gas EngineerVarun Patel
Learn in detail every aspect of Pipe & Pipe Fittings used in process industry
•Different types of Pipe, Pipe fittings (Elbow, Tee, reducers, Caps etc.), Flanges, Gaskets, Branch Connection, Bolting materials
•Materials (Metal-Carbon Steel, Stainless Steel, Alloy Steel etc. Non-Metal- PVC/VCM, HDPE, GRE-GRP etc.)
•Manufacturing methods
•Heat treatment requirements
•Inspection and Testing requirements (Non Destructive Testing, Mechanical & Chemical testing)
•Dimensions & Markings requirements
•Code & Standard used in piping
In 1943 when Bonney Forge pioneered
the “Shape of Reinforcement” for branch connections, who would have thought it would fast become a
recog- nized industry standard. Today, Bon- ney Forge Branch Connections offer complete run pipe
reinforcement while avoiding cracks, fillet welds, and sharp re-entrant corner reinforcement taper-
ing at the sides, thus preventing abrupt changes in thickness where the fitting
joins the header pipe.
There are common misconceptions among design engineers regarding pipe stiffness, pipe
deflection, impact strength, abrasion, and design life when comparing PVC and fiberglass
(FRP) sewer pipes. When correct evaluations are done, PVC is the product of choice.
The Health, Safety, and Environmental Performance of PVC PipeManishPatel169454
PVC pipe is extensively utilized worldwide for water and sewer systems, owing to its proven track record of health and safety. Throughout its more than 70 years of use, PVC pipe has undergone rigorous evaluation and approval processes by governmental and accredited third-party testing and certification agencies. These assessments have consistently demonstrated that PVC pipe is a safer and healthier option compared to pipes made from alternative materials.
This document covers PVC pressure pipe for potable water, reclaimed water, and sewer forcemain systems; and PVC non-pressure pipe for storm sewer and sanitary sewer systems. All pipes are made in lengths that are assembled at the job site. Each length has a belled end with a elastomeric gasket such that
each pipe length’s spigot end fits inside the belled end of the next pipe length.Environmental Product Declaration Program Operator
This document covers PVC and PVCO pressure pipe for potable water, reuse water, and sanitary force main systems; and PVC nonpressure pipe for gravity storm water and sanitary sewer systems. All pipes are made in lengths that are assembled at the job site. Each length has a belled end with a elastomeric gasket such that each pipe length’s spigot end fits inside the belled end of the next pipe length.
This document covers PVC and PVCO pressure pipe for potable water, reuse water, and sanitary force main systems; and PVC nonpressure pipe for gravity storm water and sanitary sewer systems. All pipes are made in lengths that are assembled at the job site. Each length has a belled end with a elastomeric gasket such that each pipe length’s spigot end fits inside the belled end of the next pipe length.
This document has been developed by the Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association for use as a field installation guide. General information regarding the correct installation of gasketed-joint solid-wall PVC sewer pipe is included. Relevant product standards are:
ASTM D3034 “Standard Specification for Type PSM Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Sewer Pipe and Fittings”
ASTM F679 “Standard Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Large-Diameter Plastic Gravity Sewer Pipe and Fittings”
For more detailed technical information and for information on profile-wall PVC pipes, consult the pipe manufacturer or refer to ASTM D2321, “Standard Practice for Underground Installation of Thermoplastic Pipe for Sewers and Other Gravity-Flow Applications..” The Handbook of PVC Pipe: Design and Construction provides additional guidance on PVC pipe design and installation. For information on this publication, please contact Uni- Bell
hydraulic analysis pumping costs for pvc and ductile iron pipeManishPatel169454
This paper confronts the misleading hydraulic assertions put forth by the Ductile Iron Pipe Research Association (DIPRA) and demonstrates that, when utilizing industry-accepted data, PVC pipe emerges as more energy-efficient, cost-effective, and sustainable compared to ductile iron (DI) pipe. DIPRA contends that DI pipe incurs lower pumping costs than PVC pipe, attributing this to DI's larger inside diameters (ID) compensating for PVC's superior flow characteristics. However, the brochures and online calculator provided by DIPRA contain misleading information and flawed hydraulic assumptions, ultimately leading to biased results.
When it comes to selecting pipe for your trenchless application, there is no shortage of options — steel, iron, clay, concrete and plastic. Given the plethora of choices, the decision of which pipe to use for your project can be daunting. What you need is information on what each pipe brings to the table. To help you out, Trenchless Technology contacted pipe associations and manufacturers of the eight pipes typically used in trenchless projects to point out what their particular conduit offers. The information presented is intended to provide just a preliminary glimpse at the different pipe on the market. For more etail information, please contact the manufacturer, pipe association or your consulting engineer. All information presented was provided by the various pipe associations or manufacturers.
Wastewater conveyance generally falls into two categories: gravity flow and pressure flow. The mostcommon way to transport wastewater is through downward-sloped pipe by gravity flow.
When gravity sewers are not possible or economically practical, pressure from a lift station is used to convey wastewater through a pipe known as a “force main.”
WASTEWATER SYSTEMS
Wastewater conveyance generally falls into two
categories: gravity flow and pressure flow. The most
common way to transport wastewater is through
downward-sloped pipe by gravity flow. When gravity
sewers are not possible or economically practical,
pressure from a lift station is used to convey wastewater
through a pipe known as a “force main.”
This document specifically addresses internalpressure design of PVC force mains. Design of lift
stations is not included, although both single-pump
and multiple-pump scenarios are addressed.
ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATIONS FOR UNDERGROUND PIPINGManishPatel169454
Assessment of environmental claims for materials and
products used in underground piping infrastructure can be a
daunting task, since there are many widely varying methods
that can provide contradictory results. The most logical
way to ensure valid sustainability assessment is to use an
internationally recognized, third-party certified method like
an Environmental Product Declaration (EPD).
Our mission is to promote use of longer-life, lower-maintenance, corrosion-proof PVC pipe in water and wastewater systems – for real sustainability, strength and long-term asset managemen
Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATIONManishPatel169454
Our mission is to promote use of longer-life, lower-maintenance, corrosion-proof PVC pipe in water and wastewater systems – for real sustainability, strength and long-term asset managemen
Our mission is to promote use of longer-life, lower-maintenance, corrosion-proof PVC pipe in water and wastewater systems – for real sustainability, strength and long-term asset management
municipal procurement competitive bidding for pipes demonstrates significant ...ManishPatel169454
In 2013 the Mayors Water Council (MWC) released “Municipal Procurement: Procurement Process Improvements Yield Cost-Effective Public Benefits”, a report examining procurement practices in the water infrastructure sector. The report made a business case for considering alternative pipe material so local governments could realize public benefits (e.g., cost, performance, safety). The report suggested the need to change outdated procurement policies, and that the biggest impediment to adopting these changes stemmed from the reluctance of local procurement officials to break from convention.This report presents information from new research that demonstrates the merits of adopting open procurement policies and new practices that apply competitive consideration of alternative pipe materials. These policies will help local officials maximize
resources and practice good governance.
Competitive bidding for pipes Demonstrates Significant Local Cost SavingsManishPatel169454
American cities, adopting the use of advanced technology and better approaches to clean water and sewer are common and often required by law. Cities providing public water delivery have not only grown in population size and in number, but also in their attitudes toward public health, and innovations involving system
designs, technologies and accepted practices. In the 19th century cast iron was added to the common use of clay, lead and wooden pipes by cities to convey water and wastewater. In the 20th century, continued innovation carried ductile iron, concrete
and cement, and plastic pipes into the market. In the 21st century, new generations of plastics, advanced composites, and other materials are being added to a long list of
viable piping materials. Technological advancements in pipe materials have helped to support a growing national population while continuing to improve on cost and performance and achieve public health protection goals to guard against waterborne
parasites and toxic contaminants.
SEO as the Backbone of Digital MarketingFelipe Bazon
In this talk Felipe Bazon will share how him and his team at Hedgehog Digital share our journey of making C-Levels alike, specially CMOS realize that SEO is the backbone of digital marketing by showing how SEO can contribute to brand awareness, reputation and authority and above all how to use SEO to create more robust global marketing strategies.
Most small businesses struggle to see marketing results. In this session, we will eliminate any confusion about what to do next, solving your marketing problems so your business can thrive. You’ll learn how to create a foundational marketing OS (operating system) based on neuroscience and backed by real-world results. You’ll be taught how to develop deep customer connections, and how to have your CRM dynamically segment and sell at any stage in the customer’s journey. By the end of the session, you’ll remove confusion and chaos and replace it with clarity and confidence for long-term marketing success.
Key Takeaways:
• Uncover the power of a foundational marketing system that dynamically communicates with prospects and customers on autopilot.
• Harness neuroscience and Tribal Alignment to transform your communication strategies, turning potential clients into fans and those fans into loyal customers.
• Discover the art of automated segmentation, pinpointing your most lucrative customers and identifying the optimal moments for successful conversions.
• Streamline your business with a content production plan that eliminates guesswork, wasted time, and money.
Most small businesses struggle to see marketing results. In this session, we will eliminate any confusion about what to do next, solving your marketing problems so your business can thrive. You’ll learn how to create a foundational marketing OS (operating system) based on neuroscience and backed by real-world results. You’ll be taught how to develop deep customer connections, and how to have your CRM dynamically segment and sell at any stage in the customer’s journey. By the end of the session, you’ll remove confusion and chaos and replace it with clarity and confidence for long-term marketing success.
Key Takeaways:
• Uncover the power of a foundational marketing system that dynamically communicates with prospects and customers on autopilot.
• Harness neuroscience and Tribal Alignment to transform your communication strategies, turning potential clients into fans and those fans into loyal customers.
• Discover the art of automated segmentation, pinpointing your most lucrative customers and identifying the optimal moments for successful conversions.
• Streamline your business with a content production plan that eliminates guesswork, wasted time, and money.
[Google March 2024 Update] How To Thrive: Content, Link Building & SEOSearch Engine Journal
March 2024 disrupted the SEO industry. Websites were deindexed, and manual penalties were delivered—all to produce more helpful, more trustworthy search results.
How did your website fare?
Watch us as we delve into the seismic shifts brought about by Google's March 2024 updates and explore strategies to not just survive, but thrive in this dynamic digital landscape.
You’ll learn:
- How to create content that is valuable to users (not just search engines) using E-E-A-T.
- How to build links that can boost rankings and withstand algorithm updates.
- Best practices for content creation and link building so you can thrive during algorithm updates.
With Vince Ramos, we'll examine the implications of the latest algorithm changes on content creation, link building, and SEO practices, and offer actionable insights from businesses like yours that have remained steadfast amidst the volatility.
Using real-life case studies, we’ll also show you the effectiveness of manual link building techniques and person-first content strategies.
Whether you're a seasoned SEO professional, a budding content creator, or anyone in between, this webinar will help you weather the changes in Google's algorithms and capitalize on them for sustained success.
Check out this webinar and unlock the secrets to thriving in the new Google era.
Come learn how YOU can Animate and Illuminate the World with Generative AI's Explosive Power. Come sit in the driver's seat and learn to harness this great technology.
Mastering Local SEO for Service Businesses in the AI Era is tailored specifically for local service providers like plumbers, dentists, and others seeking to dominate their local search landscape. This session delves into leveraging AI advancements to enhance your online visibility and search rankings through the Content Factory model, designed for creating high-impact, SEO-driven content. Discover the Dollar-a-Day advertising strategy, a cost-effective approach to boost your local SEO efforts and attract more customers with minimal investment. Gain practical insights on optimizing your online presence to meet the specific needs of local service seekers, ensuring your business not only appears but stands out in local searches. This concise, action-oriented workshop is your roadmap to navigating the complexities of digital marketing in the AI age, driving more leads, conversions, and ultimately, success for your local service business.
Key Takeaways:
Embrace AI for Local SEO: Learn to harness the power of AI technologies to optimize your website and content for local search. Understand the pivotal role AI plays in analyzing search trends and consumer behavior, enabling you to tailor your SEO strategies to meet the specific demands of your target local audience. Leverage the Content Factory Model: Discover the step-by-step process of creating SEO-optimized content at scale. This approach ensures a steady stream of high-quality content that engages local customers and boosts your search rankings. Get an action guide on implementing this model, complete with templates and scheduling strategies to maintain a consistent online presence. Maximize ROI with Dollar-a-Day Advertising: Dive into the cost-effective Dollar-a-Day advertising strategy that amplifies your visibility in local searches without breaking the bank. Learn how to strategically allocate your budget across platforms to target potential local customers effectively. The session includes an action guide on setting up, monitoring, and optimizing your ad campaigns to ensure maximum impact with minimal investment.
The What, Why & How of 3D and AR in Digital CommercePushON Ltd
Vladimir Mulhem has over 20 years of experience in commercialising cutting edge creative technology across construction, marketing and retail.
Previously the founder and Tech and Innovation Director of Creative Content Works working with the likes of Next, John Lewis and JD Sport, he now helps retailers, brands and agencies solve challenges of applying the emerging technologies 3D, AR, VR and Gen AI to real-world problems.
In this webinar, Vladimir will be covering the following topics:
Applications of 3D and AR in Digital Commerce,
Benefits of 3D and AR,
Tools to create, manage and publish 3D and AR in Digital Commerce.
The digital marketing industry is changing faster than ever and those who don’t adapt with the times are losing market share. Where should marketers be focusing their efforts? What strategies are the experts seeing get the best results? Get up-to-speed with the latest industry insights, trends and predictions for the future in this panel discussion with some leading digital marketing experts.
Is AI-Generated Content the Future of Content Creation?Cut-the-SaaS
Discover the transformative power of AI in content creation with our presentation, "Is AI-Generated Content the Future of Content Creation?" by Puran Parsani, CEO & Editor of Cut-The-SaaS. Learn how AI-generated content is revolutionizing marketing, publishing, education, healthcare, and finance by offering unprecedented efficiency, creativity, and scalability.
Understanding
AI-Generated Content:
AI-generated content includes text, images, videos, and audio produced by AI without direct human involvement. This technology leverages large datasets to create contextually relevant and coherent material, streamlining content production.
Key Benefits:
Content Creation: Rapidly generate high-quality content for blogs, articles, and social media.
Brainstorming: AI simulates conversations to inspire creative ideas.
Research Assistance: Efficiently summarize and research information.
Market Insights:
The content marketing industry is projected to grow to $17.6 billion by 2032, with AI-generated content expected to dominate over 55% of the market.
Case Study: CNET’s AI Content Controversy:
CNET’s use of AI for news articles led to public scrutiny due to factual inaccuracies, highlighting the need for transparency and human oversight.
Benefits Across Industries:
Marketing: Personalize content at scale and optimize engagement with predictive analytics.
Publishing: Automate content creation for faster publication cycles.
Education: Efficiently generate educational materials.
Healthcare: Create accurate content for patients and professionals.
Finance: Produce timely financial content for decision-making.
Challenges and Ethical Considerations:
Transparency: Disclose AI use to maintain trust.
Bias: Address potential AI biases with diverse datasets.
SEO: Ensure AI content meets SEO standards.
Quality: Maintain high standards to prevent misinformation.
Conclusion:
AI-generated content offers significant benefits in efficiency, personalization, and scalability. However, ethical considerations and quality assurance are crucial for responsible use. Explore the future of content creation with us and see how AI is transforming various industries.
Connect with Us:
Follow Cut-The-SaaS on LinkedIn, Instagram, YouTube, Twitter, and Medium. Visit cut-the-saas.com for more insights and resources.
5 big bets to drive growth in 2024 without one additional marketing dollar AND how to adapt to the biggest shifting eCommerce trend- AI.
1) Romance Your Customers - Retention
2) ‘Alternative’ Lead Gen - Advocacy
3) The Beautiful Basics - Conversion Rate Optimization
4) Land that Bottom Line - Profitability
5) Roll the Dice - New Business Models
The digital marketing industry is changing faster than ever and those who don’t adapt with the times are losing market share. Where should marketers be focusing their efforts? What strategies are the experts seeing get the best results? Get up-to-speed with the latest industry insights, trends and predictions for the future in this panel discussion with some leading digital marketing experts.
Mastering Local SEO for Service Businesses in the AI Era is tailored specifically for local service providers like plumbers, dentists, and others seeking to dominate their local search landscape. This session delves into leveraging AI advancements to enhance your online visibility and search rankings through the Content Factory model, designed for creating high-impact, SEO-driven content. Discover the Dollar-a-Day advertising strategy, a cost-effective approach to boost your local SEO efforts and attract more customers with minimal investment. Gain practical insights on optimizing your online presence to meet the specific needs of local service seekers, ensuring your business not only appears but stands out in local searches. This concise, action-oriented workshop is your roadmap to navigating the complexities of digital marketing in the AI age, driving more leads, conversions, and ultimately, success for your local service business.
Key Takeaways:
Embrace AI for Local SEO: Learn to harness the power of AI technologies to optimize your website and content for local search. Understand the pivotal role AI plays in analyzing search trends and consumer behavior, enabling you to tailor your SEO strategies to meet the specific demands of your target local audience. Leverage the Content Factory Model: Discover the step-by-step process of creating SEO-optimized content at scale. This approach ensures a steady stream of high-quality content that engages local customers and boosts your search rankings. Get an action guide on implementing this model, complete with templates and scheduling strategies to maintain a consistent online presence. Maximize ROI with Dollar-a-Day Advertising: Dive into the cost-effective Dollar-a-Day advertising strategy that amplifies your visibility in local searches without breaking the bank. Learn how to strategically allocate your budget across platforms to target potential local customers effectively. The session includes an action guide on setting up, monitoring, and optimizing your ad campaigns to ensure maximum impact with minimal investment.
In this presentation, Danny Leibrandt explains the impact of AI on SEO and what Google has been doing about it. Learn how to take your SEO game to the next level and win over Google with his new strategy anyone can use. Get actionable steps to rank your name, your business, and your clients on Google - the right way.
Key Takeaways:
1. Real content is king
2. Find ways to show EEAT
3. Repurpose across all platforms
The session includes a brief history of the evolution of search before diving into the roles technology, content, and links play in developing a powerful SEO strategy in a world of Generative AI and social search. Discover how to optimize for TikTok searches, Google's Gemini, and Search Generative Experience while developing a powerful arsenal of tools and templates to help maximize the effectiveness of your SEO initiatives.
Key Takeaways:
Understand how search engines work
Be able to find out where your users search
Know what is required for each discipline of SEO
Feel confident creating an SEO Plan
Confidently measure SEO performance
When most people in the industry talk about online or digital reputation management, what they're really saying is Google search and PPC. And it's usually reactive, left dealing with the aftermath of negative information published somewhere online. That's outdated. It leaves executives, organizations and other high-profile individuals at a high risk of a digital reputation attack that spans channels and tactics. But the tools needed to safeguard against an attack are more cybersecurity-oriented than most marketing and communications professionals can manage. Business leaders Leaders grasp the importance; 83% of executives place reputation in their top five areas of risk, yet only 23% are confident in their ability to address it. To succeed in 2024 and beyond, you need to turn online reputation on its axis and think like an attacker.\
Key Takeaways:
- New framework for examining and safeguarding an online reputation
- Tools and techniques to keep you a step ahead
- Practical examples that demonstrate when to act, how to act and how to recover
1. DESIGN & INSTALLATION GUIDE FOR
PVC FITTINGS & LATERALS FOR
SOLID WALL PVC SEWER PIPE
2. PVC SEWER FITTINGS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction 2
Products 3
Main-Line Fittings & Service-Line Fittings 3-4
Connections to Dissimilar Materials 5
Options 5
Design 6
Burial Depth 6
Soil Compaction 7
Accommodating Pipe Movement 8
Other Considerations 9
Installation 10
Installation Recommendations 11
Member Company Fitting Manufacturers 12
3. PVC SEWER FITTINGS
INTRODUCTION:
This document has been developed by the Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association for design and installation of
PVC fittings where solid-wall PVC pipe is used in non-pressure applications.
The guide provides information on the wide range of fittings that are available for various dimension
ratios and outside diameters of PVC pipe through 60-inch.
Also included is information on installation practices that are intended to optimize the performance of
PVC fittings.
Standards
Product standards used in this guide include:
• ASTM D3034 “Standard Specification for Type PSM Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Sewer Pipe and Fittings”
• ASTM D3212 “Standard Specification for Joints for Drain and Sewer Plastic Pipes Using Flexible
Elastomeric Seals”
• ASTM F679 “Standard Specification for Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Large-Diameter Plastic Gravity Sewer
Pipe and Fittings”
• ASTM F1336 “Standard Specification for Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Gasketed Sewer Fittings”
• CSA B182.2 “PSM Type Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Sewer Pipe and Fittings”
Installation standards used in this guide include:
• ASTM D2321 “ Standard Practice for Underground Installation of Thermoplastic Pipe for Sewers and
Other Gravity-Flow Applications”
• CSA B182.11 “Standard Practice for the Installation of Thermoplastic Drain, Storm, and Sewer Pipe
and Fittings”
Specifications
• PVC sewer pipe shall conform to ASTM D3034 (3-inch through 15-inch), ASTM F679 (18-inch through
60-inch), or CSA B182.2 (4-inch through 60-inch).
• PVC fittings shall conform to ASTM 3034, ASTM F1336, or CSA B182.2.
• PVC bell-and-spigot push-on type joints shall be gasketed, conforming to ASTM D3212.
• All PVC sewer pipe and fittings shall be installed in accordance with ASTM D2321 or CSA B182.11.
DESIGN & INSTALLATION GUIDE: LATERALS AND CONNECTIONS FOR SOLID WALL PVC PIPE 2 I PAGE
4. PVC SEWER FITTINGS
PRODUCTS: MAIN-LINE & SERVICE-LINE FITTINGS
Fittings commonly used in the sewer main line are bends, couplings, adaptors, tees, wyes, and tee-wyes.
Bends: The most common fittings found in service lines are bends, which are used to accommodate
changes in direction. Bends of various angles are available. Bends can be fabricated to meet a
wide variety of design requirements.
Couplings: A full range of PVC couplings are available to connect pipe.
Repair couplings: PVC gasketed repair couplings are available where cut-in of a service fitting is required.
Reducer couplings: Adaptors that connect different diameters of pipe.
Transition couplings: Adaptors to connect different OD-types of PVC pipe are available in both spigot-end
and gasketed bell. In the example shown, an 8-inch PVC PSM spigot (8.400-inch OD) is connected to an 8-
inch PVC IPS OD spigot (8.625-inch OD).
A wide assortment of fittings are available Bends
Reducer couplings Transition coupling
DESIGN & INSTALLATION GUIDE: LATERALS AND CONNECTIONS FOR SOLID WALL PVC PIPE 3 I PAGE
5. PVC SEWER FITTINGS
PRODUCTS: MAIN-LINE & SERVICE-LINE FITTINGS (CONT.)
Fittings with service-line branches: Main-line fittings with service-line branches are available in tee, wye, or
tee-wye configurations.
Tapping saddles: PVC tapping saddles are available in tee and wye configurations. Saddles may be used when
a service line is added to an existing system. After a hole is cut in the main line, the PVC saddle is attached
with stainless steel bands. Saddles are not recommended where an air test is required.
Service-line branches
Saddles
DESIGN & INSTALLATION GUIDE: LATERALS AND CONNECTIONS FOR SOLID WALL PVC PIPE 4 I PAGE
6. PVC SEWER FITTINGS
PRODUCTS: CONNECTING TO DISSIMILAR MATERIALS
A new PVC line, main line or a service line, will sometimes be connected to an existing line of a different mate-
rial. In these cases it is not uncommon to see a flexible coupling used to make the connection. The existing
line will probably not experience any additional settlement, but the new line laid on disturbed soil may un-
dergo settlement. PVC sleeves or stainless steel bands on the flexible coupling will aid in preventing an offset
between the two pipes.
PRODUCTS: OPTIONS
Both injection-molding and fabrication processes are used to produce non-pressure PVC fittings. Fabrication
gives the ability to manufacture an unlimited variety of fittings to meet design requirements such as:
• Special dimensional requirements (e.g., lay length)
• Heavy-walled branches
• Fittings with connections that accommodate different PVC pipe diameter types
Sleeve Stainless steel bend
Custom fabrication
DESIGN & INSTALLATION GUIDE: LATERALS AND CONNECTIONS FOR SOLID WALL PVC PIPE 5 I PAGE
7. PVC SEWER FITTINGS
DESIGN: BURIAL DEPTH
The critical design consideration for fittings is stress, not depth of bury. Excessive stress can be created at any
depth, including shallow-bury installations.
Definitions
• Lateral: Pipe running from sewer main to property
line connection
• Riser (or stack): A steep-sloped lateral
A riser pipe can place extreme loads on fittings if a drag
down or push-down scenario occurs. Using the correct
fittings and installation practices allows for minimal
loads to be placed on fittings at depths in excess of 30
feet.
Typical connections
Deep burial connection
DESIGN & INSTALLATION GUIDE: LATERALS AND CONNECTIONS FOR SOLID WALL PVC PIPE 6 I PAGE
8. PVC SEWER FITTINGS
DESIGN: SOIL COMPACTION
Adequate soil compaction around riser pipe is required so that the pipe does not move downward. Pipe laid in
either vertical or horizontal orientation can create stresses on fittings when the pipe is allowed to move.
Any settlement of material alongside the riser produces a “drag-down” load due to the frictional forces at the
pipe-soil interface. Settlement of the lateral fitting assembly produces a similar drag-down load. These loads
must be mitigated or transferred harmlessly off the stack to prevent problems such as joint over-insertion,
spearing, punch through, fitting fracture, and deflection or misalignment of the sewer main.
Forces on risers and lateral Deflection of main-line
Punch through or spearing
DESIGN & INSTALLATION GUIDE: LATERALS AND CONNECTIONS FOR SOLID WALL PVC PIPE 7 I PAGE
9. PVC SEWER FITTINGS
DESIGN: ACCOMMODATING PIPE MOVEMENT
There are two strategies used to accommodate differential settlement:
1. Resist movement – use a stronger fitting to resist stresses – this has the disadvantage of moving the _
loads elsewhere rather than solving the problem
2. Allow movement – prevent stresses from occurring
Spigot-by-spigot adaptor: For steeper portions of risers, nipples are used to provide bell-to-bell contact. This
contact prevents over-insertion of the spigot into the bell.
Deep-socket fittings (controlled-settlement joints): These fittings accommodate downward movement of a
vertical riser pipe. The objective is to prevent the riser pipe from making contact with the socket bottom.
Extra travel is also provided by standard-depth fittings if the insertion depth recommendations of the fittings
manufacturer are followed.
Spigot by spigot adaptors Deep-socket fitting
DESIGN & INSTALLATION GUIDE: LATERALS AND CONNECTIONS FOR SOLID WALL PVC PIPE 8 I PAGE
10. PVC SEWER FITTINGS
DESIGN: OTHER CONSIDERATIONS
• Pipes with lower DRs are thicker-walled and provide increased pipe-stiffness values.
• When it is necessary to install a vertical riser, engineering design is required to accommodate
the anticipated movement of the riser pipe.
• It is recommended that a tee, wye, or tee-wye fitting not be installed vertically without engineering design,
since it is difficult to provide proper support for the fitting branch.
• Compaction is critical beneath the main-line sewer, fittings, and any horizontal portion of lateral to minimize
or eliminate settlement and the resulting loading.
• In general, service laterals should be at an angle of no greater than 45 degrees from the horizontal. This will
minimize downward loads on the service connection caused by side-soil friction.
• Other options such as heavy-walled fittings, solvent-cement fittings, concrete encasement, and flowable
fill can be used if site conditions make it impractical to achieve adequate compaction of the backfill
materials.
Lateral connection
DESIGN & INSTALLATION GUIDE: LATERALS AND CONNECTIONS FOR SOLID WALL PVC PIPE 9 I PAGE
11. PVC SEWER FITTINGS
INSTALLATION
• All connections between pipe and fittings should be made in straight alignment.
o Bending of the riser pipe for grade or angle adjustment should not take place.
o Service laterals and fittings should be installed without angular joint deflections.
• Local specifications may require the PVC service line to be a different OD type from the main line. It is not
unusual to have PVC service lines with IPS (Iron Pipe Size) dimensions coming off a PVC main that has
PSM (Plastic Sewer Main) dimensions.
• Transitions from horizontal to vertical should be smooth and well-supported. This may be accomplished _
with fitting combinations, gradual bends and/or trench geometry.
45 degree bend results in 18 degree offset
45 degree bend in straight alignment
DESIGN & INSTALLATION GUIDE: LATERALS AND CONNECTIONS FOR SOLID WALL PVC PIPE 10 I PAGE
12. PVC SEWER FITTINGS
INSTALLATION RECOMMENDATIONS
• Understand the soil conditions and installation practices. Heavy-walled PVC fittings may be required
when working in unstable soil conditions.
• When rotating a main-line fitting, use the bell on the body for leverage. Do not place a pipe or bar into
the service line for this purpose as this could cause damage to the fitting.
• Use a single length of pipe for the riser section whenever possible.
• Field cut pipe clean and square. A beveled square cut engages the entire circumference of the bell,
while an uneven cut results in stress concentrations due to point loading.
• Follow the fitting manufacturer’s recommended insertion depth. The pipe manufacturer’s insertion
mark may differ from that for a fitting.
• Where native material is stable, lay the service on undisturbed native soil.
• Where possible, install vertical risers along the trench wall with adequate support provided at the
transtion to horizontal.
• Compact embedment material in lifts to provide a proper transition between the undisturbed native _
material and the riser.
• Hand place a minimum 6-inch layer of initial material over the top of a riser laid on undisturbed soil to
provide protection to the risers during final backfill. Where risers are laid on disturbed soil, additional
thickness of protective material may be required.
• Prevent heavy equipment from driving over riser systems and cleanouts as this could push the soils and _
riser system downward.
DESIGN & INSTALLATION GUIDE: LATERALS AND CONNECTIONS FOR SOLID WALL PVC PIPE 11 I PAGE
13. PVC SEWER FITTINGS
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, CONTACT A UNI-BELL MEMBER
COMPANY FITTING MANUFACTURER:
www.gpk-fargo.com
DESIGN & INSTALLATION GUIDE: LATERALS AND CONNECTIONS FOR SOLID WALL PVC PIPE 12 I PAGE
www.ipexna.com
www.royalbuildingproducts.com
UNI-PUB-12-19
14. UNI-BELL PVC PIPE ASSOCIATION
201 E. John Carpenter Freeway
Suite 750
Irving, TX 75062
(972) 243-3902
WWW.UNI-BELL.ORG