Materials of Sewer ppt by mayank oza on WWWE

2. Brick
•This Material is used particularly for construction of large
diameter combined sewer or particularly for storm water
drains.
• Advantage-
Can be constructed to any required shape and size
• Disadvantage-
higher cost
Slow work progress
Larger space requirement
• To prevent ground water
infiltration
The pipe are plaster outside surface
with mortar using sulphate resistant cement to
Avoid entry of tree roots and ground water
through brick joits.
Inside surface mortar + high alumina
cement or polyurea coating.

5. Concrete
• Advantages
– Relative ease with which
required strength may be provided
– Wide range of pipe sizes
– Rapid trench backfill
• Disadvantages
– crown corrosion by
sulphide gas
– mid depth water line
corrosion by sulphate
– outside deterioration by
sulphate from soil water

7. PLAIN CEMENT CONCRETE OR
REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE
•Strong in tension as well as compression.
•Resistant to erosion and abrasion.
•They can be made of any desired strength.
•The carrying capacity of the pipe reduces with time because of corrosion.

8. Precast concrete
• Commonly used for branch and main sewers
• Two types
– Non-pressure pipes
• used for gravity flow (sewers running
partially full)
• Plain (I.D. 80mm-450mm; thickness: 25mm-
35mm)
• Reinforced (I.D. 80mm-2600mm; thickness:
25mm-215mm)
– Pressure pipes
• used for force mains, submerged outfalls,
inverted siphons and for gravity sewers where
absolute water-tight joints are required.
• Reinforced (I.D. 80mm-1200mm; thickness:
25mm-120mm)
• Length : 2-3m
• These pipes have plain ends or spigot and
socket ends.

10. Stoneware or Vitrified Clay
• These pipes are used for house
connection as well as lateral sewers.
•The size of the pipe available is 5cm to
30cm internal diameter with length 0.9 to
1.2m.
• Skilled labour required for caulking the
joints with yarn soaked in cement mortar
and packing in the spigot and socket joints

11. ADVANTAGES
•Resistant to corrosion ,hence fit for carrying polluted
water such as sewage.
•Interior surface is smooth and is hydraulically efficient.
•The pipes are highly Impervious.
•Strong in compression.

12. DISADVANTAGES
•Heavy,bulky and brittle and hence ,difficult to transport.
•These pipes cannot be used as pressure pipes,because they are weak in
tension.
•These require large number of joints.

13. Asbestos Cement
• usually used in sizes ranging from 80 mm to 1000 mm in diameter
• Advantages
– Non corrosiveness to most natural soil conditions,
.
– good flow
characteristics,
– light weight,
– ease in cutting, drilling and fitting with specials,
– ease of handling,
– tight joints and
– quick laying and backfilling are to be considered
• Disadvantages
– subject to corrosion by acids, highly septic sewage and by highly acidic or
high sulphate soils
– Cannot stand high super imposed loads and may be broken easily

15. Cast Iron
• Available in diameters from 80 mm to 1050 mm and are covered with
protective coatings
• supplied in 3.66 m and 5.5 m length.
• Classified as LA, A and B according to their thickness.
• Application:
Cast iron pipes with a
variety of jointing methods are
used for pressure sewers, sewers
above ground surface, submerged
outfalls, piping in sewage
treatment plants and occasionally
on gravity sewers where absolutely
water-tight joints are essential or
where special considerations
require their use.

17. • Advantage:
long laying lengths with tight joints, ability when
properly designed to withstand relatively high internal
pressure and external loads and corrosion resistance in most
natural soils.
• Disadvantage:
– corrosion by acids or highly septic sewage and acidic
soils
• Inside coating shall be by Cement mortar and
outer coating shall be coal tar

18. Steel
• Pressure sewer mains, under water river crossings, bridge crossings,
necessary connections for pumping stations, self-supporting spans, railway
crossing and penstocks are some of the situations where steel pipes are
preferred
• Advantages
– withstand internal pressure, impact load and vibrations much
better than CI pipe.
– more ductile and withstand water hammer better.
• Disadvantage
– cannot withstand high external load
– main is likely to collapse when it is subjected to negative
pressure
– susceptible to various types of corrosion
• Inside coating by high alumina cement mortar or polyurea and outside by
epoxy.

20. Ductile Iron Pipes
• made by a metallurgical process, which involves the addition of
magnesium into molten iron of low sulphur content.
• The ductile iron pipes are usually provided with cement mortar lining at
the factory by centrifugal process to ensure a uniform thickness throughout
its length
• available in the range of 80 mm to 1000 mm diameter, in lengths of 5.5 to
6 m
• Advantages
– excellent properties of machinability,
– impact resistance,
– high wear and tear resistance,
– high tensile strength and ductility
– corrosion resistance.
– strong, both inner and outer surfaces are smooth,
– These pipes are approximately 30 % lighter than conventional
cast iron pipes UPVC Pipe (unplasticized polyvinylchloride )

22. – resistance to corrosion,
– light weight for
transportation,
– toughness, rigidity,
– economical in laying,
jointing, and maintenance and
– easy to fabricate .

23. High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)
Pipes
• Advantages
– Offer smooth interior surfaces
and
– relatively higher resistance to
corrosion
– they are available in solid wall
– When laid in straight
gradients without depressions, they can
easily offer longer life cycle
• Joints are usually fusion welded or
flange jointed depending on straight
runs fittings.

24. Plastic Sewers (PVC Pipes)
Plastic is recent material used for
sewer pipes. These are
Used for internal drainage works in house.
These are available in size 75 to 315 mm external diameter
and used in drainage works.
They offer smooth internal surface.
The additional advantages they offer are resistant to corrosion,
Light weight of pipe,economical in laying.

25. Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic Pipes
 This martial is widely used where corrosion resistant
pipes are required.
 Glass fiber reinforced plastic (GRP) can be used as a
lining material for conventional pipes to protect from
internal or external corrosion. It is made from the
composite matrix of glass fiber, polyester resin and
fillers.
 These pipes have better strength, durability, high
tensile strength, low density and high corrosion
resistance.
 These are manufactured up to 2.4 m diameter and up
to 18 m length (IS:12709-1989).

26. Lead Sewers
 They are smooth, soft and can take odd shapes.
 This pipe has an ability to resist sulphide corrosion.
 However, these pipes are very costly.
 These are used in house connection.