The document summarizes the translation of a text on smart energy technologies by a group of students. It discusses how smart grid technology aims to create a more efficient power network by better understanding electricity generation and demand. It allows for increased power from renewable sources and reduces operational costs. Smart grid technology benefits consumers by providing real-time energy use data and incentives to use appliances when supply exceeds demand. While still new, smart technology is being tested through pilot programs and demonstrations to show how it could work. Cities are good candidates for smart energy investments due to their high population and energy use.

1. TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES
TASK 3 - COLLABORATIVE ACTIVITY 1
SUBMITTED BY:
DAGO HELBERT MARTINEZ ACOSTA
MILTON WILLIAM BASTIDAS
REINA PAOLA BELTRAN
CLAUDIA PAOLA PEREZ
GROUP: _10
TEACHER:
OLGA LUCIA FIERRO
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA UNAD
ESCUELA CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN
PASTO, MARCH 25th 2019

2. Task 1:Translation
Smart Energy Reading
By Dago Helbert Martinez
Paragraph 1 Translation
The next few decades will see great changes in the way energy is
supplied and used. In some major oil producing nations, 'peak oil'
has already been reached, and there are increasing fears of global
warming. Consequently, many countries are focusing on the
switch to a low carbon economy. This transition will lead to major
changes in the supply and use of electricity. Firstly, there will be
an increase in overall demand, as consumers switch from oil and
gas to electricity to power their homes and vehicles. Secondly,
there will be an increase in power generation, not only in terms of
how much is generated, but also how it is generated, as there is
growing electricity generation from renewable sources. To meet
these challenges, countries are investing in Smart Grid
technology. This system aims to provide the electricity industry
with a better understanding of power generation and demand,
and to use this information to create a more efficient power
network.
Las próximas décadas verán grandes cambios en la forma en que
se suministra y utiliza la energía. En algunas de las principales
naciones productoras de petróleo, el "pico del petróleo" ya se ha
alcanzado, y hay un creciente temor por el calentamiento global.
En consecuencia, muchos países se están centrando en el cambio a
una economía baja en carbono. Esta transición conducirá a
grandes cambios en el Suministro y uso de electricidad. En primer
lugar, habrá un aumento en la demanda general, a medida que los
consumidores cambien de petróleo y gas a electricidad para
alimentar sus hogares y vehículos. En segundo lugar, habrá un
aumento en la generación de energía, no solo en términos de
cuánto se genera, sino también cómo se genera, a medida que
aumenta la generación de electricidad a partir de fuentes
renovables. Para enfrentar estos desafíos, los países están
invirtiendo en la tecnología de redes inteligentes. Este sistema
apunta a proporcionar a la industria eléctrica una mejor
comprensión de la generación y demanda de energía, y utilizar
esta información para crear una red eléctrica más eficiente.

3. Task 1:Translation
Smart Energy Reading
By Claudia Paola Perez
Paragraph 2 Translation
Smart Grid technology basically involves the
application of a computer system to the electricity
network. The computer system can be used to
collect information about supply and demand and
improve engineer's ability to manage the
system. With better information about electricity
demand, the network will be able to increase the
amount of electricity delivered per unit generated,
leading to potential reductions in fuel needs and
carbon emissions. Moreover, the computer system
will assist in reducing operational and maintenance
costs.
La tecnología Smart Grid implica básicamente la
aplicación de un sistema informático a la red
eléctrica. El sistema informático se puede utilizar
para recopilar información sobre la
oferta y demanda y mejorar la capacidad del
ingeniero para gestionar el sistema. Con una mejor
información sobre la demanda de electricidad, la
red podrá aumentar la cantidad de electricidad
entregada por unidad generada, lo que llevará a
posibles reducciones en las necesidades de
combustible y las emisiones de carbono. Además, el
sistema informático ayudará a reducir los costos
operativos y de mantenimiento.

4. Task 1:Translation
Smart Energy Reading
By Reina Paola Beltran
Paragraph 3 Translation
Smart Grid technology offers benefits to the consumer
too. They will be able to collect real-time information on
their energy use for each appliance. Varying tariffs
throughout the day will give customers the incentive to
use appliances at times when supply greatly exceeds
demand, leading to great reductions in bills. For example,
they may use their washing machines at night. Smart
meters can also be connected to the internet or telephone
system, allowing customers to switch appliances on or off
remotely. Furthermore, if houses are fitted with the
apparatus to generate their own power, appliances can be
set to run directly from the on-site power source, and any
excess can be sold to the grid.
La tecnología Smart Grid ofrece beneficios al consumidor
también. Ellos serán capaces de recopilar información en
tiempo real sobre el uso de energía para cada
electrodoméstico. La variación de tarifas a lo largo del día
dará a los clientes el incentivo para usar
electrodomésticos en momentos en los que la oferta
supere en gran medida la demanda, lo que lleva a grandes
reducciones en las facturas.
Por ejemplo, ellos pueden usar sus lavadoras en la noche.
Los medidores inteligentes también se pueden conectar a
internet o al sistema telefónico, permitiendo a los clientes
encender o apagar electrodomésticos de forma remota.
Además, si las casas están equipadas con el sistema para
generar su propia energía, los electrodomésticos se
pueden configurar para que funcionen directamente
desde la fuente de energía en el sitio, y cualquier exceso
se puede vender a la red.

5. Task 1:Translation
Smart Energy Reading
By Milton William Bastidas
Paragraph 5 Translation
Although Smart Technology is still in its infancy, pilot schemes to
promote and test it are already underway. Consumers are
currently testing the new smart meters which can be used in their
homes to manage electricity use. There are also a number of
demonstrations being planned to show how the smart technology
could practically work, and trials are in place to test the new
electrical infrastructure. It is likely that technology will be added in
'layers', starting with 'quick win' methods which will provide initial
carbon savings, to be followed by more advanced systems at a
later date. Cities are prime candidates for investment into smart
energy, due to the high population density and high energy use. It
is here where Smart Technology is likely to be promoted first,
utilizing a range of sustainable power sources, transport solutions
and an infrastructure for charging electrically powered
vehicles. The infrastructure is already changing fast. By the year
2050, changes in the energy supply will have transformed our
homes, our roads and our behavior.
Aunque la tecnología inteligente (Smart Technology) aun esta es sus
primeras etapas, proyectos pilotos ya están en marcha para ser
probados y promovidos. Actualmente los consumidores están probando
los nuevos medidores inteligentes los cuales pueden ser usados en sus
casas para administrar el uso de electricidad. También varias
demostraciones han sido planeadas para mostrar como la tecnología
inteligente puede funcionar, hay pruebas para ensayar la nueva
infraestructura eléctrica. Es probable que esta tecnología se añadida en
“capas” comenzando con métodos de “quick win” (ganancia rápida) los
cuales proveen ahorros iniciales de carbón para ser seguidos por
sistemas más avanzados en una fecha venidera. Las ciudades son los
candidatos principales para invertir en energía inteligente debido a la
alta densidad de población y al gran consumo de energía. Es aquí donde
probablemente la tecnología inteligente será promovida en primer
lugar, utilizando una variedad de fuentes de energía sostenibles,
soluciones de transporte y una infraestructura para cargar los vehículos
que funcionan eléctricamente. La infraestructura ya está cambiando
muy rápido. A medidas del año 2050, los cambios en el suministro de
energía transformaran nuestros hogares, autopistas y nuestro
comportamiento.

6. Task 2: Reflection
By Dago Helbert Martinez
Regarding the text translated into Spanish there were many expressions that I had to stop to analyze in
detail to transfer the message from English to Spanish, for example in the following sentence I had some
difficulty "The next few years" because we always try to translate word by word. If we focus on translating
word by word, we find the following, taking the previous sentence as an example, we know that (NEXT) is
next and (FEW) few, therefore if we put these two words together in Spanish the phrase would not make
much sense when passing the message to Spanish we should join them and look for the most appropriate
meaning so that there is coherence in the meaning. Others of the situations that we have to take care of
are the phrases in passive voice you since at the time of translating the meaning can vary.
On the other hand it is important not only to know and learn English words but also, idioms, adverbial
locutions among others, in this way it will be easy to make a translation providing accurate information
from English to Spanish. It is important to note that in some unknown words and expressions I used the
dictionary to translate them, although much of the vocabulary of this text was familiar to me.
Taking into account the techniques that Gabriela Bosco speaks to us, in many parts of the text I used the
Literal Translation, but we must be careful because this technique cannot be used permanently due to the
structure of the English language

7. Task 2: Reflection
By Claudia Paola Perez
During the development of the exercise, I did not have major inconveniences, since the text was of simple
handling for me. The first thing I did was a comprehensive reading of all the paragraphs, as well as
investigating the central term of the text so that I could contextualize the translation.
In most of the text I used the literal translation (Gabriela Bosco), although in some parts it was necessary
to use another technique, since To give a sense closer to the author must be aware that the order of
words is not the same as it is handled in the Spanish language, this way you can give consistency to the
text.
The other technique I used was transposition, which explains that grammatical structures are often
different in different languages.Transposition is often used between English and Spanish because of the
preferred position of the verb in the sentence: English often has the verb near the beginning of a
sentence; Spanish can have it closer to the end (Taken from
https://www.interproinc.com/blog/translation-techniques).
In my paragraph, it looked like this: improve the engineer's ability to manage the system.
Literal translation: mejorar ingeniero habilidad para gestionar el sistema.
Translation taking into account transposition: mejorar la capacidad del ingeniero para gestionar el
sistema.
The exercise was interesting because we put into practice what we have already learned to demonstrate
that we have acquired the necessary knowledge in the use of translation techniques.

8. Task 2: Reflection
By Reina Paola Beltran
First, I used the suggestion to read the entire text before translating it, highlighted the most difficult expressions to translate
and started the translation, the idea is to understand the context prayer after sentence, have a clear mental picture of the
situation, not just translate word by word, as it could be painful at the time of writing the translation. Expressions or
placements should be understood and translated, as they occur, not as individual words.
Therefore, as I was translating I organized each sentence, adjusting grammatical structures and vocabulary to the text in a
coherent way
Although the text seems simple and easy to understand, there are some expressions difficult to translate without losing the
main idea, due to the style and elements that it has. Therefore, it was important to use some translation strategies, such as the
oblique translation and this "Transposition" because when translating from English to Spanish, a literal translation cannot be
maintained word by word, because the grammatical meaning of the target language can be, alter and change the meaning of
the phrase. According to Gabriela Bosco, "oblique translation techniques are used when the structural or conceptual elements
of the source language cannot be translated directly without altering the meaning or altering the grammatical and stylistic
elements of the target language"
Another important technique to consider in this text was Adaptation, because some words are not translated exactly like
Spanish
It is worth mentioning that when I translated the text, although I knew most of the words, there were words that I did not
know, it was one of the disadvantages that I found because it is necessary to look for different sources to understand the
meaning of each word within the text.
In addition, the order of words is not literal as in the Spanish language, requires understanding and interpretation of the
intentionality of the writer to translate it into the target language, in this case Spanish, so that it has textual coherence.
In general, the exercise seemed interesting because it allows us to organize and understand texts from English to Spanish
without losing the message that it wants to transmit, making it understandable to us and who reads it.

9. Task 2: Reflection
By Milton William Bastidas
It was a great experience because I found that I could not use direct translation techniques like the literal
translation because there are many different aspects of SL, besides there are terms that I had to
investigate their meanings in the online dictionary.
I did the pertinent investigation regarding the context of the text, A term that also called my attention is
the " smart technology", this term (Smart) is always used in today's televisions, the direct translation
technique (calque) English word loaned for the definition of a reference of a television of the year, I also
found a financial term "fast profit" that means strategies that allow people or companies to reach a
financial goal with profits. But I wrote them because those terms are the most used in their original form,
but they can be accepted in theTL (calque).
Another technique that I felt comfortable using was modulation, here I could express the same idea with
a different phrase, for example:
"Transportation solutions and an infrastructure for charging electric vehicles, an infrastructure for
charging electric vehicles", the common translation could be: "Transportation solutions
and infrastructure to load electrically propelled vehicles". Instead, I used a less technical language that
most people could understand, such as "transportation solutions and an infrastructure for charging
electrically powered vehicles." It is important to know the context of each text and the TL culture before
translating because different cultures have different meanings.

10. Task 3: Chart
By Dago Helbert Martinez
Method Strategy Technique
Taking into account the proposed
readings, it can be inferred that the
methods are procedures that allow this
task to be carried out effectively
therefore, focusing on the translation
methods, there are several methods
that facilitate the work likewise, it is
necessary to know when it is more
convenient to use them since the use
of these methods depends to a large
extent on the type of text that is to be
translated.
it must consider that translation
methods relate to whole
texts (Ordudari , 2011)
Taking into account the claims of
Loescher (1991:8) where he defines
translation strategy as "a potentially
conscious procedure for solving a
problem faced in translating a text, or
any segment of it." (Ordudari , 2011)
It can be specified that translation
strategies are procedures that are used
with the purpose of improving
deficiencies in any translation activity,
allowing do adequate use of the
available skills when making said work
The translation technique is the
concrete application visible in the
result, which affects smaller areas of
the text. " (20000Lenguas, 2018).
While the translation method is applied
to the entire text to be translated, the
translation technique varies within the
same text taking into account each
case and depending on the specific
verbal elements that is going to
For example in Word-for-word
translation the order of the sentence is
maintained, by translating the words
one by one, the most common
meaning is taken
There are several strategies that are
useful in a translation, for Example
Transposition, this makes reference to
change in word class, for example
adjective to noun.
Modulation. It operates a change of
perspective from one language to
another or a semantic change.
Example. It’s quite clever (No es nada
tonto)

11. Task 3: Chart
By Claudia Paola Perez
Method Strategy Technique
 It is the development of a determined translator
process regulated by a principle based on the
translator's objective; the method has, therefore, a
supraindividual and conscious character although
sometimes it can be unconscious) and it is a global
option that runs through the entire text.
 Newmark (1988) are related to complete texts.
 It has an individual character since it consists of the
mechanisms used by the translator to solve the
problems encountered in the development of that
process according to their specific needs.
 Krings (1986: 18) defines the translation strategy as
"the potentially conscious plans of the translator to
solve concrete translation problems within the
framework of a concrete translation task"
 Loescher (1991: 8) defines the translation strategy
as "a potentially conscious procedure to solve a
problem when translating a text, or any segment of
it".
 It is the concrete application visible in the result,
which affects smaller areas of the text. "(Hurtado
Albir 1996: 47)
 They are used for sentences and the smallest units
of language.
Word-for-word translation: in which the order of the SL
words is conserved and the words are translated
individually by their most common meanings, out of
context.
Literal translation: in which the grammatical
constructions of SL are converted to their nearestTL
equivalents, but the lexical words are translated again
separately, out of context.
Faithful translation: attempts to produce the precise
contextual meaning of the original within the constraints
of theTL grammatical structures.
Seguinot (1989) believes that there are at least three
global strategies employed by translators:
(I) translate without interruption for as long as possible;
(II) correct surface errors immediately;
(III) Leave the monitoring for qualitative or stylistic errors
in the text to the revision stage.
Recognized translation: occurs when the translator
"normally uses the official or generally accepted
translation of any institutional term". (Newmark, 1988b:
89)
Compensation: occurs when the loss of meaning in a part
of a sentence is compensated elsewhere. (Newmark,
1988b: 90)
Paraphrasis: this procedure explains the meaning of CBT.
Here the explanation is much more detailed than that of
the descriptive equivalent. (Newmark, 1988b: 91)

12. Task 3: Chart
By Reina Paola Beltran
Method Strategy Technique
Translation methods refer to complete texts. Newmark
(1988b).
- It is an application of a focus in the context of language
teaching.An example of a method is the grammatical
translation method.This method uses the memorization
of several grammar rules and the translation of second
language material into the student's native language.
-Translation methods are related to full texts, translation
procedures are used for sentences and smaller units of
language translation methods.
- Krings (1986: 18) defines the translation strategy as
"potentially conscious plans of the translator to solve the
concrete translation.The issue of translation techniques
poses a challenge;Trying to identify strategies that you
use almost intuitively every day.
- In general, the strategy refers to the plan that I must use
to face my translation from the beginning to the end. It
includes the lexicon, the grammar and the words that I
will use throughout the translation.
- According to Loescher (1991), a translation strategy is "a
conscious procedure to solve a problem in translation.
-The strategies are tasks such as choosing the document
to be translated and a method to translate the text.
- "The techniques change within the same text according
to each case and depending on the elements to be
translated" (Mathieu, 2016).
-There are direct and oblique translation techniques.The
direct ones are those "when the structural and conceptual
elements of the language of origin can be transposed to
the language of the cake" (Bosco, n.d).
Translation methods refer to complete texts. Newmark
(1988b).
- It is an application of a focus in the context of language
teaching.An example of a method is the grammatical
translation method.This method uses the memorization
of several grammar rules and the translation of second
language material into the student's native language.
-Translation methods are related to full texts, translation
procedures are used for sentences and smaller units of
language translation methods.
- Krings (1986: 18) defines the translation strategy as
"potentially conscious plans of the translator to solve the
concrete translation.The issue of translation techniques
poses a challenge;Trying to identify strategies that you
use almost intuitively every day.
- In general, the strategy refers to the plan that I must use
to face my translation from the beginning to the end. It
includes the lexicon, the grammar and the words that I
will use throughout the translation.
- According to Loescher (1991), a translation strategy is "a
conscious procedure to solve a problem in translation.
-The strategies are tasks such as choosing the document
to be translated and a method to translate the text.
- "The techniques change within the same text according
to each case and depending on the elements to be
translated" (Mathieu, 2016).
-There are direct and oblique translation techniques.The
direct ones are those "when the structural and conceptual
elements of the language of origin can be transposed to
the language of the cake" (Bosco, n.d).

13. Task 3: Chart
By Milton William Bastidas
Method Strategy Technique
It is a plan or a set of steps that we use to achieve a
goal. -It is a consciousness process.
-According to Loescher (1991:8), says that is
potentially conscious procedure for solving a
problem faced in translation text.
-According to Jaas Kelaine (2005:15), it is the
ability to choose a SL text and method to translate
it.
It is the way something is done. Also it refers to a
set of techniques to perform a task.
-It involves the complete text, what happen to the
text.
-The way the text is going to be translated.
-It is a procedure used to complete a task.
It is how the procedures and methods are applied
on a specific task, this mean, all the language
transfer processes involved in the act of
translating.
-They are not strategic.
-They are used for small language units
(sentences, words, etc.)
-Activities used by the translator on the way of
problem-solving and decision-making.
-Used for translating CSC.
Example : Methods (what happen to texts) and
Techniques (what happen in the process).
Example :Word-for-word translation: in which the
SL word order is preserved and the words
translated singly by their most common meanings,
out of context.
Adaptation: which is the freest form of translation,
and is used mainly for plays (comedies) and
poetry; the themes, characters, plots are usually
preserved, the SL culture is converted to theTL
culture and the text is rewritten
Example : Descriptive or self- explanatory
translation: It uses generic terms (not CBTs) to
convey the meaning. It is appropriate in a wide
variety of contexts where formal equivalence is
considered insufficiently clear. In a text aimed at a
specialized reader, it can be helpful to add the
original SL term to avoid ambiguity.
Modulation: it occurs when the translator
reproduces the message of the original text in the
TL text in conformity with the current norms of the
TL, since the SL and theTL may appear dissimilar
in terms of perspective

14. Task 4: feedback

15. Task 4: feedback