The document contains 5 paragraphs about smart grid technology translated from English to Spanish by 5 students. It discusses how smart grid technology involves applying computer systems to electrical networks to improve generation and demand management for a more efficient energy system. It allows consumers to access energy usage data in real time and incentives to use appliances when demand is lower. Challenges include managing variable renewable sources and developing infrastructure in remote areas with renewable resources. Pilot programs are underway to test smart meters and demonstrate how the technology could work.

1. MARIA CAROLINA RODRIGUEZ Cod. 1.098.755.153
JESUS ANTONIO MENDOZA Cod: 1093762790
RUBEN DARIO LUGO Cod. 528215
JORDIN JOSE GALLO
DARIO ALFONSO CAMACHO
Group: 551037A_11
Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancía UNAD
Bachelor's degree in English as a foreign language
Translation techniques
Task 3 – Practical Activity

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Task 1: Translation
Jesus Antonio Mendoza: Paragraph 1
En las próximas décadas se verán grandes cambios en la forma en que la energía es suministrada y usada.
En algunas naciones de mayor producción de petróleo, el “pico petrolero” ha sido alcanzado, y hay nuevos temores sobre
el calentamiento global. Consecuentemente, muchos países están enfocados en cambiar a una economía baja en carbono.
Esta transición dará paso a los cambios principales en el suministro y uso de la electricidad. Primeramente, habrá
un incremento en la demanda en general, como los consumidores realizan cambio de petróleo y gasolina a electricidad
para proveerle energía a sus hogares y vehículos. Segundamente, habrá un incremento en la generación de energía,
no solo en términos de como es generada desde las fuentes renovables. Para enfrentarse a estos cambios, los países
están invirtiendo en las tecnologías de Redes Inteligentes. Este sistema tiene como objetivo proveer a la industria de la
electricidad con un mejor consentimiento de la generación y demanda, y usar esta información para una red más eficiente
del uso de energía.

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Ruben Dario Lugo: Paragraph 2
La tecnología Smart Grid implica básicamente la aplicación de un sistema informático a la red eléctrica.
El sistema informático se puede utilizar para recoger la información sobre la oferta y la demanda y para mejorar
la capacidad del ingeniero de manejar el sistema. Con una mejor información sobre la demanda de electricidad,
la red será capaz de aumentar la cantidad de electricidad suministrada por unidad generada, dando lugar a posibles
reducciones en las necesidades de combustible y emisiones de carbono. Además, el sistema informático ayudará
a reducir los costos operacionales y de mantenimiento.
Jordin Jose Gallo: Paragraph 3
La tecnología Smart Grid también ofrece beneficios para el consumidor. Podrán recopilar información en tiempo real sobre
su uso de energía para cada aparato. La variación de las tarifas a lo largo del día dará a los clientes el incentivo de usar
electrodomésticos en momentos en que la oferta exceda en gran medida la demanda, lo que reducirá enormemente en
las facturas. Por ejemplo, pueden usar sus lavadoras por la noche. Los medidores inteligentes también se pueden conectar
a Internet o al sistema telefónico, lo que permite a los clientes encender o apagar aparatos de forma remota. Además, si
las casas están equipadas con el aparato para generar su propio poder o energía, los dispositivos podrán configurarse para
que funcionen directamente desde la fuente de energía o poder, y cualquier exceso puede ser vendido a la red

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María Carolina Rodriguez Rojas : Paragraph 4
Con estas oportunidades viene una furia de retos. El primero consiste en gestionar la oferta y demanda.
Las fuentes de energía renovable tal como el viento, la ola, la luz solar son notoriamente impredecibles, la energía
nuclear, también se va a incrementar como nación un cambio de energía alternativa, es inflexible. Con aceite y gas,
es relativamente simple incrementar el suministro energía para unir el incremento de la demanda durante la hora
pico del día o año. Con fuentes alternativas, esto es mucho más difícil, y podría llevar a apagones o colapso en el sistema.
Soluciones potenciales incluyen nueva investigación y caminos eficientes para almacenar energía y alentar a los
consumidores para usar electricidad en tiempos de desnivel. Un segundo problema es el hecho de que muchas fuentes
de generación de energía renovable esta localizada en zonas remotas, como tierras con viento y regiones costeras, donde
actualmente hay una falta de infraestructura eléctrica. Nuevas infraestructuras podrían ser construidas. Afortunadamente,
con tecnología inteligente mejorada, esto se puede hacer más eficiente reduciendo el refuerzo y los costos de construcción.

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Dario Alfonso Camacho: Paragraph 5
Aunque la tecnología inteligente aún está en su infancia, los esquemas piloto para promoverla y probarla ya están en
camino. Los consumidores actualmente están probando los nuevos medidores inteligentes, los cuales pueden ser
usados en sus hogares para controlar el uso de la electricidad. También se está planeando una serie de demostraciones
para mostrar cómo podría funcionar la tecnología inteligente de manera práctica, y se están realizando pruebas para probar
la nueva infraestructura eléctrica. Es probable que la tecnología se agregue en "capas", comenzando con los métodos de
"ganancia rápida" lo que proveerá ahorros iniciales de carbono, que serán seguidos por sistemas más avanzados en una
fecha posterior. Las principales candidatas para esta inversión de energía inteligente son las ciudades, debido a la alta
densidad de población con alto consumo de energía. Es ahí donde es probable que la tecnología inteligente se promocione
primero, utilizando una serie de fuentes de energía sostenible, soluciones de transporte y una infraestructura para cargar
vehículos impulsados eléctricamente. La infraestructura ya está cambiando rápidamente. Para el año 2050, los cambios en el
suministro de energía habrán transformado nuestros hogares, nuestras carreteras y nuestro comportamiento.

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Task 2: Reflection
Jesús Antonio Mendoza: The preparation of the translation began with a whole reading of the text and later reading
three times the paragraph I had to translate. I was careful in the translation, taking care about the words that I had to
use in the target language (Spanish) to keep the idea that the text wants to express.
There were many translation techniques used in the translation of the text. Technique like literal translation was presented
and used in different sentences. On the other hand, transposition was a technique that was more used than the other ones,
because is common to find this technique when is being translated English to Spanish and vice versa.
Modulation was also a technique that I also used, and when I used this technique I was careful and took many possible reasons
to give meaning into Spanish with not losing the main idea from the original text.
The equivalence technique is a technique that I was confused with. There were to words that I had to look up on internet
about the meaning in English to give an adequate translation into Spanish, this were “peak oil” that I found that was related to
the maximum level of production and “Smart Grid” that is a technology combined with the ICT to know about the consumes of
the customers.

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Ruben Dario Lugo: During the translation process use the technique of borrowing, because in my case the text
had technological terms that were originally presented in English such as: computer system, network, technology,
electricity and I did in combination with the a faithful translation technique which attempts to produce the precise
contextual meaning of the original within the constraints of the grammatical structures of the final language. On this
occasion the text was quite short and I was relatively easy the translation however is not always so, usually before
I begin to translate the full text I read it several times to have an initial and clear idea of the topic and the difficulty
of the same, then I rebound the unknown words, expressions or ideas that are not entirely clear to me and I make
some points that arise on the subject.
Some texts take longer than others depending on the difficulty or knowledge you have of the same or its specific
terms, then I elaborate a first draft, at the end I read again, I revise, especially the specific terms and keywords of
the topic to translate, modify it if necessary and finally try to give it to someone else to see if it is understood. The
translation process seems easy but not really, just because you know or master a language does not prepare you to
translate all kinds of texts or documents are really techniques, methods and strategies that give you the tools to
perfect or improve the process.
Jordin Jose Gallo: Well, I had a problem with the highlithed Word because I was thinking in another meaning,
but generally it was easy to do the translation, and about how did I know the meaning of this word, I always
have a dictionary with me.

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María Carolina Rodriguez Rojas: I use the technique of literal translation because I always start word by word
and then I look for meaning in the sentence because sometimes it must be accommodated since being so literal
does not understand what the text means. When I am in the process of translation, I underline the words that I
do not know in order to finish their meaning ready. When I finish translating I go back and read the full text. If it
is not understandable I go back and read and see what word I could have written wrong. For me to translate in that
way, it always teaches me a little more because I learn vocabulary and I can analyze the grammatical structures used.
Darío Alfonso Camacho: In the translation process of the paragraph I worked on, I faced some issues with the
meaning of a couple of words that despite I knew the real translation of them though, I was trying to get synonym
words to fit in those exact sentences in the regarding paragraph.
When talking about the translation techniques which I used from the ones disclosed in the content presented for this
activity, I specifically used the technique of “literal translation” in several parts of the paragraph. I also used the
technique called “transposition” because in many cases I had to switch adjectives and nouns in the right form putting
them in the correct way in the Spanish form. In other parts of the paragraph I also had to used the technique of
“calque” specially in those sentences that the translation was actually clearly expressed using the same words in such
sentence from one language to the other.

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Task 3: Chart
María Carolina Rodriguez Rojas

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Jesus Antonio Mendoza
CHART
METHOD STRATEGY TECHNIQUE
The method is used in
specific sentences, in
specific units of the
language.
Example:
Word-for-word-
translation: Every word in
translated singly into the
target language.
A strategy are the
competences that the
translator has and use in
the translations.
Example:
To translate a text
maintaining the original
idea.
The techniques are the
procedures that carry out
the translation into a
language and check the
semantic and syntactics
approximations
Example:
Before translating a text,
it must be read and
understood.

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Ruben Dario Lugo

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Jordin Jose Gallo
METHOD STRATEGY TECHNIQUE
DEFINITION
It comes from Greek
and its meaning is
pursuit of knowledge,
basically is the way a
thing is done.
From Greek it means
“The art of troop
leader” is the plan to
get one or more
goals.
It means the skill or
ability to do
something using an
especial method.
EXAMPLES
First Reading, then
answer
Choose the main idea
in a paragraph
Learning vocabulary
through games

13. 13
Dario Alfonso Camacho
METHOD STREATEGY TECHNIQUE
A method specifically refers to
the type of procedure we will
use in order to achieve a target.
A method is used to approach
our goals sistematically.
A strategy is used as a tool
which help us to achieve a long-
term objective using an action
plan which will lead us to
obatain the final result we are
eagerly trying to reach.
A technique is the path through
which we get to achieve our
goals, and the way we
specifically develop each of our
activitites aim to obtain our
expected results.

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Task 4: Feedback
María Carolina Rodriguez Rojas: First, I want to thank the colleagues with whom we carry
out this activity. Knowing the techniques they used to translate was very good to see that
some of those also took into account and in a certain part they work.
I learned a lot with this activity to each one to realize its comparative table on the three
terms that for many can be synonymous but that studying each one in depth, These
present great difference.

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Thank You!