Transit Oriented Development (TOD) Without Gentrification: Towards Smart Cities That Promote Social Justice - Charles Hostovsky- Catholic University of America - Transforming Transportation - 2015
Charles Hostovsky presents on gentrification, with a focus on Washington, DC.
Transforming Transportation 2015: Smart Cities for Shared Prosperity is the annual conference co-organized by the World Resources Institute and the World Bank.
California Funders' Convening on Gentrification & Displacement Proceedings Su...Neighborhood Funders Group
http://www.nfg.org/democratizing_development_california_programming
On July 20, 2015, funders and practitioners working on gentrification and displacement issues in California convened to deepen a shared understanding of the problems and solutions and lay the foundation for potential alignment of strategies.
California Funders' Convening on Gentrification & Displacement Proceedings Su...Neighborhood Funders Group
http://www.nfg.org/democratizing_development_california_programming
On July 20, 2015, funders and practitioners working on gentrification and displacement issues in California convened to deepen a shared understanding of the problems and solutions and lay the foundation for potential alignment of strategies.
Factors like ambivalence of the ruling government, population explosion, dearth of housing and land has lead to squatter settlements. The reasons for these settlements are manifold. Read the following article to find out what gives rise to squatter settlements.
Factors like ambivalence of the ruling government, population explosion, dearth of housing and land has lead to squatter settlements. The reasons for these settlements are manifold. Read the following article to find out what gives rise to squatter settlements.
This presentation reports on data governance best practices. Based on a definition of fundamental terms and the business rationale for data governance, a set of case studies from leading companies is presented. The content of this presentation is a result of the Competence Center Corporate Data Quality (CC CDQ) at the University of St. Gallen, Switzerland.
How to Build & Sustain a Data Governance Operating Model DATUM LLC
Learn how to execute a data governance strategy through creation of a successful business case and operating model.
Originally presented to an audience of 400+ at the Master Data Management & Data Governance Summit.
Visit www.datumstrategy.com for more!
Similar to Transit Oriented Development (TOD) Without Gentrification: Towards Smart Cities That Promote Social Justice - Charles Hostovsky- Catholic University of America - Transforming Transportation - 2015
The cycle of community reinvestment and displacement of low-income.docxmehek4
The cycle of community reinvestment and displacement of low-income resi-dents is a process present in cities throughout the United States, Europe, and other developed nations. It has been well documented in numerous studies (Dreier, Mollenkopf, & Swanstrom, 2001; Nelson, 1988; Palen & London, 1984; Schill & Nathan, 1983; Smith & Williams, 1986). Also referred to as gentrification and displacement, it has been the source of considerable policy debate in Chicago at both community and citywide levels.5 Displacement—particularly when it takes place as communities are being revitalized—can move low-income populations further away from the very housing, educa-tional, and employment opportunities that could ameliorate the problems of past social and economic exclusion.Because community reinvestment was often seen as increasing racial and ethnic inequalities, the City of Chicago Commission on Human Relations approached the Loyola University Chicago Center for Urban Research and Learning to examine the impact that gentrification has on different racial, ethnic, and economic groups in Chicago. The commission routinely receives complaints from residents and elected officials about increased racial and ethnic tensions in some communities experiencing reinvestment. Because many city development policies are predicated on the assumption that com-munity investment is always a positive, the commission felt a need to look at this process more closely.5The use of the terms gentrification and reinvestment can have different meanings to different people. In a meeting with the staff of the Commission on Human Relations early in the research process, we were advised to use the term gentrifica-tion in our interview and focus group questions. Since developers and those uncrit-ical of the gentrification and displacement cycle are more likely to use the term reinvestment, it was felt that use of this term might be perceived as biased by respon-dents. However, in the report itself we use the two terms interchangeably. by SAGE Publications, Inc. 78——Public SociologyThe Center for Urban Research and LearningThe Loyola University Chicago Center for Urban Research and Learning is an innovative, nontraditional collaborative university–community research center that only completes research when community partners are involved in all or most phases of the research. Described in more detail in Chapter 2, CURL recognizes the need to combine the knowledge and perspectives of both university and community partners. Without these combined perspec-tives, we are typically missing half of the picture in understanding issues facing local communities.Exclusively discipline-driven research agendas do not always hit the tar-get in providing information and insights for current, pressing community issues. In working with community partners, CURL has been able to both pull relevant information from past discipline-driven research and add infor-mation that is relevant to the community’s imm ...
How does the Christian message of reconciliation impact the processes of integration of migrants towards a harmonious city? What is the nature of migration? The reconciliation of humanity and God in the crucifixion of Christ, results in a gospel of reconciliation. In the face of the massive global migrations from destitute poor rural areas and corrupt regimes to the global cities, Christians live out the gospel in seeking to create harmonious cities, by both seeking structural integration of migrants and by seeking reconciliation of ethnic tensions.
Race, Redlining and our Neighborhoods: Brooklyn, Chicago & D.C.Swati Chaudhary
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This one is a brief insight into Redlining - an example of systemic racism which perpetuated segregation and inequality in America.
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Higher levels of economic segregation are associated with lower incomes, particularly for black residents. Higher levels of racial segregation are associated with lower incomes for blacks, lower educational attainment for whites and blacks, and lower levels of safety for all area residents.”
Gentrification and its Effects on Minority Communities – A Comparative Case S...Premier Publishers
This paper does a comparative analysis of four global cities and their minority districts which have been experiencing the same structural pressure of gentrification. The main contribution of this paper is providing a detailed comparison of four micro geographies worldwide and the impacts of gentrification on them: Barrio Logan in San Diego, Bo-Kaap in Cape Town, the Mission District in San Francisco, and the Rudolfsheim-Fünfhaus District in Vienna. All four cities have been experiencing the displacement of minority communities due to increases in property values. These cities were chosen because their governments enacted different policies to temper the gentrification process. It was found that cities which implemented social housing and cultural inclusionary policies were more successful in maintaining the cultural and demographic make-up of the districts.
The Changing Shapeof American CitiesFebruary 2015Luk.docxarnoldmeredith47041
The Changing Shape
of American Cities
February 2015
Luke J. Juday
Demographics Research Group
Weldon Cooper Center for Public Service
University of Virginia
Weldon Cooper Center Demographics Research Group | University of Virginia | coopercenter.org/demographics 2
About this Report
This report describes demographic changes that have taken place in U.S. metropolitan areas since
1990 by looking at the spatial distribution of residents by income, education, age, etc. relative to
the center of the city.
The Demographics Research Group
The Demographics Research Group produces the official annual population estimates for Virginia
and its localities; conducts practical and policy-oriented analysis of census and demographic
survey data under contract; and communicates rigorous research and its policy implications to
the general public, as well as to clients including state and local governments, employers, and
non-profit organizations through meaningful, intuitive publications and presentations.
About the Author
Luke Juday is a Research and Policy Analyst for the Demographics Research Group. He received
his Bachelor’s degree in political science from Grove City College and a Master of Urban and
Environmental Planning from the University of Virginia. His expertise is in mapping and spatial
analysis and he focuses on how demographic trends are related to local government decisions and
metropolitan change. Prior to attending graduate school, he worked as a middle school teacher
and debate coach, and was a Fulbright Scholar in Gaborone, Botswana.
Acknowledgements
Meredith Gunter, Qian Cai, and Amy Muldoon provided tremendous guidance and expert
editing throughout this project. Qian Cai is Director of the Demographics Research Group,
Meredith Gunter is Outreach Director, and Amy Muldoon is Coordinator for the group.
Hamilton Lombard and Annie Rorem provided valuable input and feedback as the project
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with the Demographics Research Group.
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William Lucy is the Lawrence Lewis Jr. Chair of Urban and Environmental Planning at the
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This report is copyright 2015 by the Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia
Weldon Cooper Center Demographics Research Group | University of Virginia | coopercenter.org/demographics 3
Ring Around the City
The old donut
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
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Transit Oriented Development (TOD) Without Gentrification: Towards Smart Cities That Promote Social Justice - Charles Hostovsky- Catholic University of America - Transforming Transportation - 2015
2. TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT (TOD)
WITHOUT GENTRIFICATION: TOWARDS SMART
CITIES THAT PROMOTE SOCIAL JUSTICE
Prof. Charles Hostovsky, PhD, MCIP
Catholic University of America – Washington DC
School of Architecture & Planning
City & Regional Planning Program
3. MY STORY
Born, raised, and
educated in Toronto
Canada
Faculty at the University
of Toronto for 15 years
Moved to Washington DC
(Brookland) 2 years ago
This naive Canadian urban planner, academic,
and hockey player felt “slapped in the face by
gentrification as I discovered I was a
“gentrifier”
4. EL FUTURO QUE QUEREMOS
“… to ensure that
social inclusion,
economic growth
and a clean and
secure environment
go hand in hand…”
UNDP 2012
5. US HUD
“Gentrification
process by which a
neighborhood
occupied by lower-
income households
undergoes
revitalization or
reinvestment through
the arrival of upper-
income households.” Shaw/U St. area 2013
photo C. Hostovsky
6. USA NEW URBAN RENEWAL (1992-2007)
240,000 people displaced
by demolition of public
housing in USA
80% African American
who suffered
disproportionately as they
make up only 48% of this
housing nationwide
Although certain
segments of the African
American community
benefited
(Edward Goetz 2011, Derek Hyra 2012)
Pruitt–Igoe 2,870 unit public
housing in St. Louis
demolished 1978
"Pruitt-igoeUSGS02" by United States Geological
Survey Licensed under Public Domain via
Wikimedia Commons
7. CONTROVERSY
“Gentrification… has emerged as one of the most
controversial issues in the urban United States today.”
“The fear of displacement has been one of the
motivating forces behind community activists organizing
against gentrification.”
Lance Freeman, Columbia U, 2005
Facebook.com/EmpowerD
C
8. CONSENSUS IN THE RESEARCH…
1. Central city neighborhoods
2. Predominantly African American low-income
households that have experienced
disinvestment
3. Influx of the relatively affluent or “gentry”…
predominantly white
Notwithstanding it has more to do with “class”
than race
4. Increase in neighborhood investment e.g.
TOD
5. Displacement of inner-city Black population
results in shift in the suburban population i.e.
“White flight”
9. FERGUSON: SUBURB OF ST. LOUIS
By 2008 the population of the poor
in suburbs across the USA growing
twice as fast as in city centers
St. Louis - public housing
demolished
gentrifying & growing white
population
St. Louis Housing Authority –
vouchers to displaced for subsided
rentals in Ferguson
1970 - 1% Black
1980 - 14% Black
1990 - 25% Black
2010 - 67% Black
1 .Newsone.com
2. HuffingtonPost.com
10. DC IN “GENTRIFICATION OVERDRIVE”
One of the fastest
revitalizing cities in the
USA
Substantive Metro transit
system mostly built in the
1970s through 1990s
…delayed Transit
Oriented Development
“perfect storm of
converging forces took
hold in the late 1990s and
propelled the downtown
area toward an economic
crescendo in 2007”
Gerry Widdicombe, Director of Economic
Development at the DowntownDC BID
9th & N St – DCrealestate.com
before
after
11. DC CENSUS DATA
1970 Black 71%
1980 Black 70%
1990 Black 66%
2000 Census
572,059 residents
Black 59%
White 27%
2010 Census
621,321 residents
Black 49%
decrease of 39,000
White 35%
larger than the increase in
the city’s population
KEY: Ethnicity
Red = White
Blue = Black
https://zgeography.wordpress.com/2013/03/
12. RESULT
In new mixed-race communities, Blacks
experience:
Not only a physical displacement to the suburbs, but
also a cultural displacement for those who remain
Loss of identity, small Black businesses and culture
landmarks, feeling of alienation
Loss if political power as the assertive gentry take
control
Research indicates that many Blacks who can
afford to stay decide to move out anyway
Interview with Derek Hyra, American U
13. MICRO-SEGREGATION & CONFLICT
Separate entrances
for condo-owner
gentry and
subsidized rental in
the same building in
New York City
Rich Door Poor Door
time.com/money/
Sarina Finkelstein—Marcus Lindström/Bronxgebiet/Getty
Images
14. CREATIVE INNOVATIONS NEEDED
Political Equity:
How do we ensure that
African Americans in
revitalizing
neighborhoods have
effective and meaning
say in local decision-
making?
15. CREATIVE INNOVATIONS NEEDED
Social Equity:
How do we ensure that
African Americans cultural
landmarks, architecture,
and history are preserved
in revitalized
neighborhoods?
Shaw/U St. area 2013
photo C. Hostovsky
16. CREATIVE INNOVATIONS NEEDED
Education Equity:
Schools which remain largely
segregated as the gentrifiers send
their children to private schools out
of the neighborhood
DC Black high schools described
as “drop-out machines”
55% Black graduation
(www.osse.dc.gov)
87% White graduation
How do we ensure that African
Americans benefit from changes in
the schools
Facebook.com/EmpowerD
C
17. CREATIVE INNOVATIONS NEEDED
Racial Equity:
Interview with Don Edwards
Mediator, civic engagement
designer
CEO of Justice & Sustainability
Associates in DC
“How ready are residents to
remove the barriers of residential
segregation”
“We need Neighborhoods of
Choice”
twitter.com/mencerdonahue
justicesustainability.com
18. ACCORDING TO EDWARDS…
Transit Oriented Development
also needs
Co-location of services
Government buildings
Government services
Multi-purpose centers
Broader range of housing types
with a rethink on the Area Median
Income affordable housing
formula
Provide affordable “work-force”
housing
www.facebook.com/onedcorganizing#!
19. CASE STUDY: REGENT PARK TORONTO
Canada's oldest & largest social housing project,
1940s
69 acres entirely social housing to alleviate social
problems and crime, but problems reemerged
Average income half of Torontonians, 68% below
poverty line – Black Caribbean, Chinese, SE Asian
immigrants
canadianimmigrant.ca
www.rapdict.org
20. CASE STUDY: REGENT PARK TORONTO
Mixed Use Revitalizing Plan
- Guaranteed replaced RGI
Rental Units: 2,083
- New Affordable Rental
Units: 310 (Additional units
in future)
- New “Market Units”: 5,400
- New amenities Arts and
Cultural Centre, Aquatic
Centre, park, Athletic
Grounds
- New Retail Space & New
Employment: 755 jobs
- Employment and
Enterprise Hub
- Support for employers in
screening and hiring local
residents
http://leadinggreen.ca/
21. CONCLUSION
City Planners need to go beyond preventing or
minimizing displacement.
We need to find ways to integrate race and
class.
We need political, racial, educational and
cultural equity in revitalized neighborhoods
We must work hard together to find creative
innovations.
I wish I had the answers…..