Gentrification is the arrival of wealthier people in an existing urban district, which leads to increased rents and property values and changes to the district's character. It often displaces poorer communities. Characteristics of gentrification include an increase in median income and property prices in the area, as well as changes to the types of housing and businesses. Effects can be both positive, like reduced crime and vacancy rates, and negative, such as loss of affordable housing and displacement of long-time residents. Examples of gentrified cities include areas of London, Mexico City, and neighborhoods in Canada, France, South Africa, Italy, Poland and Russia.

1. Gentrification
• PARAMETERS(CHARACTERISTICS)
• EFFECTS
• EXAMPLESW

2. What is Gentrification?
 Gentrification is a general term for the arrival of wealthier people in an
existing urban district, a related increase in rents and property values, and
changes in the district's character and culture. The term is often used
negatively, suggesting the displacement of poor communities by rich
outsiders. But the effects of gentrification are complex and contradictory,
and its real impact varies.

3. Parameter(Characteristics)
 Demographics: An increase in median income, a decline in the proportion of
racial minorities, and a reduction in household size, as low-income families
are replaced by young singles and couples.
 Real Estate Markets: Large increases in rents and home prices, increases in
the number of evictions, conversion of rental units to ownership (condos) and
new development of luxury housing.
 Land Use: A decline in industrial uses, an increase in office or multimedia
uses, the development of live-work "lofts" and high-end housing, retail, and
restaurants.
 Culture and Character: New ideas about what is desirable and attractive,
including standards (either informal or legal) for architecture, landscaping,
public behavior, noise, and nuisance.

4. Effects
Positive Negative
•Reduction in crime
•Reduced strain on local infrastructure and
services
•Increased consumer purchasing power at
local businesses
•Reduced vacancy rates
•Stabilization of declining areas
•Increased social mix
•Increased local fiscal revenues
•Increased property values
•Encouragement and increased viability of
further development
•Higher incentive for property owners to
increase/improve housing
•Rehabilitation of property both with and
without state sponsorship
•Increased cost and charges to local
services
•Community resentment and conflict
•Homelessness
•Loss of affordable housing
•Displacement through rent/price
increases
•Decrease in political participation
•Commercial/industrial displacement
•Unsustainable property prices
•Displacement and housing demand
pressures on surrounding poor areas
•Secondary psychological costs of
displacement
•Loss of social diversity (from socially
disparate to rich ghettos)
•Under occupancy and population loss to
gentrified area

5. Examples
 Inner London, England
 Mexico City
 Canada
 France
 South Africa
 Italy
 Poland
 Russia