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The podcast discusses the four main types of macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Each are polymers made up of carbon that are formed through condensation reactions and broken down through hydrolysis. Carbohydrates include monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Lipids are hydrophobic and include fats, phospholipids, and steroids. Proteins have four levels of structure - primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary - and perform important functions. Nucleic acids, like DNA and RNA, are made up of nucleotides containing nitrogenous bases like cytosine, adenine, guanine, thymine, and uracil.
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Bio unit 1 biological elements and biomolecules notes
This document summarizes the key biological elements and biomolecules that make up all living things. It notes that all living things are made of atoms that bond together to form stable molecules. The six most important biological elements are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. Carbon is particularly important as it can form four bonds, allowing it to create a diverse range of molecular structures and functions. The four main biomolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, each composed of various combinations of the six biological elements. These biomolecules serve essential roles like energy storage, structure, catalysis, and information transfer.
Biochem 2: Organic Macromolecules
Soap disrupts the hydrogen bonds between water molecules by attaching to the nonpolar portions of molecules. Carbohydrates refer to sugars and starches. The document discusses the 4 main types of macromolecules - carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. It explains how they are formed through polymerization reactions and provides examples of each type.
Biomolecules including structured notes to be taught earlier
The four major groups of organic molecules found in living things are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. These molecules are important for energy storage, forming cell structures, providing support, and controlling chemical reactions. They also store hereditary information. All organic molecules contain carbon and may also contain hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and phosphorus. These atoms are bonded together by covalent bonds.
Biomolecules
The document provides an introduction to macromolecules (biomolecules) that make up living things. It discusses the four main types of organic macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. It describes the monomers (single units) that combine to form polymers (long chains) of each macromolecule, including examples like glucose and fatty acids.
Biology Unit 1 Notes: Biomolecules
The document discusses the four main types of biomolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins. Carbohydrates are made up of monosaccharides like glucose that provide short term energy, and polysaccharides like starch that provide longer term energy. Lipids are made of fatty acids and glycerol and are used to form cell membranes and store long term energy. Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA contain nucleotides and provide genetic instructions to make proteins. Proteins are composed of amino acids and are used to create cell structure, carry out functions specified by DNA, and catalyze chemical reactions through enzymes.
Macromolecules
Carbon-based molecules are the foundation of life and come in three main structures: straight chains, branched chains, and rings. The four main types of carbon-based molecules found in living things are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates include monosaccharides like glucose and fructose that can link together to form polysaccharides like starch and cellulose. Lipids include fats, oils, and other nonpolar molecules that serve functions like energy storage. Proteins are polymers of amino acids that carry out important roles such as structure, movement, and catalysis. Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA are made of nucleotides and store and use genetic information.
Biology: Unit 1 Biochemistry--Characteristics of Life and Biomolecules
The document discusses the key characteristics of living things and biomolecules. It outlines that all living things must be able to reproduce, evolve, metabolize nutrients, grow, and maintain homeostasis. It then discusses the cell theory that all living things are made of cells, which are the basic unit of life. The document also covers the six essential biological elements of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. It explains that carbon is particularly important as it can form various bonds and molecular structures. Water makes up 70% of cells and allows for chemical reactions and solute dissolution. The four main biomolecules that make up living things are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Biochem enzymes slide share 2
This document discusses the four main categories of enzymes involved in biological oxidation: oxidases, dehydrogenases, hydroperoxidases, and oxygenases. Oxidases catalyze the elimination of hydrogen from substrates and its acceptance by oxygen to form water. Dehydrogenases catalyze the reversible transfer of hydrogen between substrates during oxidation-reduction reactions. Hydroperoxidases prevent the harmful effects of hydrogen peroxide, which is produced by aerobic dehydrogenases. Oxygenases catalyze the direct incorporation of oxygen into substrate molecules, either incorporating both oxygen atoms (dioxygenases) or one atom while reducing the other to water (monooxygenases).
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Bio unit 1 biological elements and biomolecules notes
This document summarizes the key biological elements and biomolecules that make up all living things. It notes that all living things are made of atoms that bond together to form stable molecules. The six most important biological elements are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. Carbon is particularly important as it can form four bonds, allowing it to create a diverse range of molecular structures and functions. The four main biomolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, each composed of various combinations of the six biological elements. These biomolecules serve essential roles like energy storage, structure, catalysis, and information transfer.
Biochem 2: Organic Macromolecules
Soap disrupts the hydrogen bonds between water molecules by attaching to the nonpolar portions of molecules. Carbohydrates refer to sugars and starches. The document discusses the 4 main types of macromolecules - carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. It explains how they are formed through polymerization reactions and provides examples of each type.
Biomolecules including structured notes to be taught earlier
The four major groups of organic molecules found in living things are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. These molecules are important for energy storage, forming cell structures, providing support, and controlling chemical reactions. They also store hereditary information. All organic molecules contain carbon and may also contain hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and phosphorus. These atoms are bonded together by covalent bonds.
Biomolecules
The document provides an introduction to macromolecules (biomolecules) that make up living things. It discusses the four main types of organic macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. It describes the monomers (single units) that combine to form polymers (long chains) of each macromolecule, including examples like glucose and fatty acids.
Biology Unit 1 Notes: Biomolecules
The document discusses the four main types of biomolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins. Carbohydrates are made up of monosaccharides like glucose that provide short term energy, and polysaccharides like starch that provide longer term energy. Lipids are made of fatty acids and glycerol and are used to form cell membranes and store long term energy. Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA contain nucleotides and provide genetic instructions to make proteins. Proteins are composed of amino acids and are used to create cell structure, carry out functions specified by DNA, and catalyze chemical reactions through enzymes.
Macromolecules
Carbon-based molecules are the foundation of life and come in three main structures: straight chains, branched chains, and rings. The four main types of carbon-based molecules found in living things are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates include monosaccharides like glucose and fructose that can link together to form polysaccharides like starch and cellulose. Lipids include fats, oils, and other nonpolar molecules that serve functions like energy storage. Proteins are polymers of amino acids that carry out important roles such as structure, movement, and catalysis. Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA are made of nucleotides and store and use genetic information.
Biology: Unit 1 Biochemistry--Characteristics of Life and Biomolecules
The document discusses the key characteristics of living things and biomolecules. It outlines that all living things must be able to reproduce, evolve, metabolize nutrients, grow, and maintain homeostasis. It then discusses the cell theory that all living things are made of cells, which are the basic unit of life. The document also covers the six essential biological elements of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. It explains that carbon is particularly important as it can form various bonds and molecular structures. Water makes up 70% of cells and allows for chemical reactions and solute dissolution. The four main biomolecules that make up living things are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Biochem enzymes slide share 2
This document discusses the four main categories of enzymes involved in biological oxidation: oxidases, dehydrogenases, hydroperoxidases, and oxygenases. Oxidases catalyze the elimination of hydrogen from substrates and its acceptance by oxygen to form water. Dehydrogenases catalyze the reversible transfer of hydrogen between substrates during oxidation-reduction reactions. Hydroperoxidases prevent the harmful effects of hydrogen peroxide, which is produced by aerobic dehydrogenases. Oxygenases catalyze the direct incorporation of oxygen into substrate molecules, either incorporating both oxygen atoms (dioxygenases) or one atom while reducing the other to water (monooxygenases).
Organic compounds continued
This document discusses organic compounds and their importance for living things. It defines organic compounds as anything containing carbon and hydrocarbons as compounds made of only hydrogen and carbon. There are two types of hydrocarbons: saturated and unsaturated. Hydrogen atoms in hydrocarbons can be substituted with other elements like chlorine or bromine, or functional groups containing multiple elements. Common functional groups are OH, COOH, NH2, and NH2/COOH. Multiple organic compounds can be linked together to form polymers, like amino acids forming proteins or carbohydrate building blocks forming carbohydrates, which are important for plant reproduction, processes, and energy. Organic compounds are thus called "molecules for life" as plants and organisms
Biomolecules
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This document discusses lipids, including their structure and functions. Lipids are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and include fats, phospholipids, and steroids. Fats are composed of glycerol bonded to fatty acids through dehydration synthesis. Phospholipids have a hydrophilic phosphate head and hydrophobic fatty acid tails, allowing them to form bilayers that serve as cell membranes. Cholesterol is an important component of cell membranes and can be converted into sex hormones.
Biomolecules
Biomolecules include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates include monosaccharides like glucose that join to form disaccharides like sucrose or polysaccharides like starch for storage. Lipids are insoluble in water, made of fatty acid esters, and serve as energy stores. Proteins are made of amino acid chains and perform important functions like catalysis and transport.
Baisc biomolecules
This document discusses proteins and their structure. It begins by explaining that proteins are polymers of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, and there are 21 types of amino acids. Proteins carry out many important functions in living organisms. The primary structure of a protein is its linear sequence of amino acids. Secondary structure involves folding into alpha helices or beta pleated sheets. Tertiary structure involves additional folding into a 3D shape through interactions between amino acid side chains. Quaternary structure refers to the arrangement of multiple polypeptide subunits in a protein. Hemoglobin is used as an example of a protein with quaternary structure consisting of two alpha and two beta chains.
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Salivary amylase is the enzyme secreted in the mouth. It begins the chemical digestion of carbohydrates by breaking down starch into smaller sugar molecules like maltose. Chemical digestion is the breakdown of nutrients like fats, proteins, and carbohydrates into smaller units so they can be absorbed by the bloodstream. This process is called hydrolysis and is sped up by enzymes without the enzymes themselves being broken down, allowing them to catalyze multiple reactions.
Biochemistry
This document provides an overview of organic and inorganic compounds, categories of organic compounds including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. It describes the basic structures and functions of these biomolecules, such as carbohydrates being the primary energy source and made up of sugars/starches with a carbon, hydrogen, oxygen ratio of 1:2:1. Proteins are made of amino acids that form peptide bonds, and enzymes are protein catalysts. Lipids include fats/oils and have energy storage and membrane roles. Nucleic acids DNA and RNA are made of nucleotides containing sugars, phosphates, and nitrogen bases that form base pairs.
Biomolecules
1) Biomolecules are organic compounds found in living tissues and include carbohydrates, fats, proteins, amino acids, and lipids.
2) Living tissues can be broken down through chemical processes to obtain acid-soluble and acid-insoluble fractions containing different types of biomolecules.
3) Elemental analysis and analysis of organic and inorganic compounds provides information about the composition of living tissues.
Ap Bio Collagen (Masiello)
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The document summarizes key concepts about macromolecules. It discusses how monomers link together through dehydration reactions to form polymers, including carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids. It describes the structures and functions of important carbohydrates like starch, cellulose, and glycogen. It also discusses lipids, noting that fats are composed of glycerol and fatty acids and serve as compact energy stores.
Chapter 3
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Introduction to biochemistry
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Collagen
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Macromolecules introduction
The document discusses macromolecules, which are large complex organic molecules that are essential for life. There are four main classes of macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates include monosaccharides like glucose and fructose, disaccharides formed from two monosaccharides bonded together like sucrose, and polysaccharides made of long chains of monosaccharides like starch, glycogen, and cellulose. Lipids include fats, oils, waxes, and phospholipids, with phospholipids containing a phosphate group allowing them to form cell membranes. The document provides examples and information about specific macromolecules like glucose, starch, and phospholipids, and explains they are
The different Biomolecules
This document discusses the key biomolecules found in living things: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. It explains that carbohydrates like sugars, starches, and cellulose are used for energy storage and as structural components. Lipids such as fats and oils store energy and make up cell membranes. Proteins have many functions like structure, movement, defense, and catalysis as enzymes. Nucleic acids DNA and RNA carry genetic information and enable inheritance and protein synthesis. The four main biomolecules all contain the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen arranged into larger structures that allow life.
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This document contains information about various biology topics including proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, minerals, enzymes, nucleic acids, and respiration. It provides links to videos and websites for further information on specific topics like protein structure, glucose isomers, HDL and LDL cholesterol, and DNA profiling. It also outlines key points about topics such as the roles of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids; water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins; aerobic and anaerobic respiration; and the structures of DNA and RNA.
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Organic compounds continued
This document discusses organic compounds and their importance for living things. It defines organic compounds as anything containing carbon and hydrocarbons as compounds made of only hydrogen and carbon. There are two types of hydrocarbons: saturated and unsaturated. Hydrogen atoms in hydrocarbons can be substituted with other elements like chlorine or bromine, or functional groups containing multiple elements. Common functional groups are OH, COOH, NH2, and NH2/COOH. Multiple organic compounds can be linked together to form polymers, like amino acids forming proteins or carbohydrate building blocks forming carbohydrates, which are important for plant reproduction, processes, and energy. Organic compounds are thus called "molecules for life" as plants and organisms
Biomolecules
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23 ch03lipids2008
This document discusses lipids, including their structure and functions. Lipids are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and include fats, phospholipids, and steroids. Fats are composed of glycerol bonded to fatty acids through dehydration synthesis. Phospholipids have a hydrophilic phosphate head and hydrophobic fatty acid tails, allowing them to form bilayers that serve as cell membranes. Cholesterol is an important component of cell membranes and can be converted into sex hormones.
Biomolecules
Biomolecules include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates include monosaccharides like glucose that join to form disaccharides like sucrose or polysaccharides like starch for storage. Lipids are insoluble in water, made of fatty acid esters, and serve as energy stores. Proteins are made of amino acid chains and perform important functions like catalysis and transport.
Baisc biomolecules
This document discusses proteins and their structure. It begins by explaining that proteins are polymers of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, and there are 21 types of amino acids. Proteins carry out many important functions in living organisms. The primary structure of a protein is its linear sequence of amino acids. Secondary structure involves folding into alpha helices or beta pleated sheets. Tertiary structure involves additional folding into a 3D shape through interactions between amino acid side chains. Quaternary structure refers to the arrangement of multiple polypeptide subunits in a protein. Hemoglobin is used as an example of a protein with quaternary structure consisting of two alpha and two beta chains.
30 S 1 5 Rolesofenzymes
Salivary amylase is the enzyme secreted in the mouth. It begins the chemical digestion of carbohydrates by breaking down starch into smaller sugar molecules like maltose. Chemical digestion is the breakdown of nutrients like fats, proteins, and carbohydrates into smaller units so they can be absorbed by the bloodstream. This process is called hydrolysis and is sped up by enzymes without the enzymes themselves being broken down, allowing them to catalyze multiple reactions.
Biochemistry
This document provides an overview of organic and inorganic compounds, categories of organic compounds including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. It describes the basic structures and functions of these biomolecules, such as carbohydrates being the primary energy source and made up of sugars/starches with a carbon, hydrogen, oxygen ratio of 1:2:1. Proteins are made of amino acids that form peptide bonds, and enzymes are protein catalysts. Lipids include fats/oils and have energy storage and membrane roles. Nucleic acids DNA and RNA are made of nucleotides containing sugars, phosphates, and nitrogen bases that form base pairs.
Biomolecules
1) Biomolecules are organic compounds found in living tissues and include carbohydrates, fats, proteins, amino acids, and lipids.
2) Living tissues can be broken down through chemical processes to obtain acid-soluble and acid-insoluble fractions containing different types of biomolecules.
3) Elemental analysis and analysis of organic and inorganic compounds provides information about the composition of living tissues.
Ap Bio Collagen (Masiello)
Collagen is the most abundant protein in mammals, accounting for 25% of protein content. It is found in connective tissue, including skin, teeth, blood vessels, and blood. The collagen molecule is 300nm long and 1.5nm wide, composed of three helical polypeptide chains that twist together to form a triple helix. Five types of collagen make up 90% of the body's collagen, with types I and II being the main components of bone and cartilage respectively. Disorders like brittle bone disease and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome result from deficiencies or abnormalities in collagen.
The Function Of Macromolecules Notes
The document summarizes key concepts about macromolecules. It discusses how monomers link together through dehydration reactions to form polymers, including carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids. It describes the structures and functions of important carbohydrates like starch, cellulose, and glycogen. It also discusses lipids, noting that fats are composed of glycerol and fatty acids and serve as compact energy stores.
Chapter 3
This document discusses macromolecules and their structure and function. It focuses on proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. Proteins are polymers of amino acids and their structure ranges from primary to quaternary levels. Carbohydrates include monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides like starch and cellulose. Lipids are nonpolar and include triglycerides, fatty acids, and phospholipids that form cell membranes. The document explains the structure and properties of these macromolecules.
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This document discusses the classification of enzymes by the International Union of Biochemistry. It states that enzymes are divided into 6 main classes - oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, and ligases - based on the type of chemical reactions they catalyze. Each enzyme is assigned a 4-digit code number indicating its class, subclass, and identity. The document also describes the three types of cofactors that can bind to enzymes and enable their catalytic activity: prosthetic groups, coenzymes, and metal ions.
Introduction to biochemistry
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Immunoglobulin Structure
Immunoglobulin or antibody molecules have a basic Y-shaped structure composed of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. Each chain contains a constant region and a variable region. The variable regions from the heavy and light chains fold together to form the antigen-binding site. There are five classes of heavy chains (gamma, alpha, mu, delta, epsilon) that determine the five immunoglobulin classes (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE). Each immunoglobulin class has different properties, distribution, and roles in the immune system.
Biochemistry
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Macromolecules introduction
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This document discusses the key biomolecules found in living things: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. It explains that carbohydrates like sugars, starches, and cellulose are used for energy storage and as structural components. Lipids such as fats and oils store energy and make up cell membranes. Proteins have many functions like structure, movement, defense, and catalysis as enzymes. Nucleic acids DNA and RNA carry genetic information and enable inheritance and protein synthesis. The four main biomolecules all contain the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen arranged into larger structures that allow life.
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This document contains information about various biology topics including proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, minerals, enzymes, nucleic acids, and respiration. It provides links to videos and websites for further information on specific topics like protein structure, glucose isomers, HDL and LDL cholesterol, and DNA profiling. It also outlines key points about topics such as the roles of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids; water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins; aerobic and anaerobic respiration; and the structures of DNA and RNA.
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Structure And Function Of Macromolecules1
Macromolecules are polymers formed from monomers through dehydration or condensation reactions. Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids are the four major macromolecules. Carbohydrates include simple sugars and complex polysaccharides used for energy storage and structural support. Proteins are polymers of amino acids with primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of structure determining their function. Lipids are nonpolar hydrophobic molecules including fats, oils, and steroids that serve roles in energy storage, insulation, and cell membranes. Nucleic acids like DNA are composed of nucleotides with phosphate, sugar, and nitrogenous base components that determine their information-storing roles.
Structure And Function Of Macromolecules1
Macromolecules are polymers formed from monomers through dehydration or condensation reactions. Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids are major macromolecules. Carbohydrates include simple sugars and complex polysaccharides used for energy storage and structure. Proteins are polymers of amino acids with four levels of structure determining their function. Lipids are nonpolar and include fats, oils, and phospholipids that serve structural and energy roles. Nucleic acids like DNA are composed of nucleotides with phosphate, sugar and nitrogenous base components.
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The document discusses macromolecules and their building blocks of monomers and polymers. It defines key terms like monomer, polymer, and macromolecule. It states that covalent bonds join smaller molecules into polymers. The learning objectives are to define these terms and describe the role of covalent bonds in forming macromolecules.
Organic Macromolecules
Organic macromolecules are giant molecules composed of many smaller subunits. The four main types of organic macromolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates are used for energy storage and are made of monosaccharides like glucose. Lipids provide long-term energy storage and act as cushions, and are made of glycerol and fatty acids. Proteins perform most functions in the body as enzymes, hormones, and structures, and are composed of amino acids. Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA hold genetic information and are made of nucleotides.
Biochem
This document provides an overview of important biomolecules and their structures and functions. It discusses that organic compounds in cells contain carbon and functional groups. The four major classes of biological molecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. These molecules are often polymers formed from linking simple monomers together. Carbohydrates function in energy storage, lipids in energy storage and signaling, proteins in structure and function, and nucleic acids in information storage and transfer. Molecular structure determines biological function.
CHOs, Lipids, CHONS.pdf
This document discusses proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. It provides details on their chemical structures and functions. Proteins are polymers formed from amino acid monomers linked by peptide bonds. Carbohydrates are polymers of monosaccharides linked by glycosidic bonds. They function as energy stores and structural components. Lipids form large structures through weak interactions rather than covalent bonds. They are nonpolar and amphipathic, functioning in energy storage, cell membranes, and more.
Chapter 1 intro biochem
This document provides an introduction to biochemistry. It defines biochemistry as the study of chemical reactions in living organisms and the structure and function of biomolecules like proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids. The overall goal of biochemistry is to describe life's processes using the language of molecules. The key biomolecules are made of monomers that polymerize to form larger structures. Carbohydrate monomers are monosaccharides, lipid monomers are fatty acids, protein monomers are amino acids, and nucleic acid monomers are nucleotides. The document discusses the basic components of cells, including organelles and biomolecules, and compares characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Organics Quiz
Organic chemistry is the study of carbon-containing molecules that are important to living things. These organic molecules contain hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and are made up of monomers that can polymerize to form polymers. Examples of important organic molecules include monosaccharides like glucose, fructose, and galactose; disaccharides like sucrose, lactose, and maltose; and polysaccharides like starch, cellulose, and glycogen. Lipids are made up of glycerol and fatty acids, and can be saturated or unsaturated. Proteins are made of amino acids connected by peptide bonds, and serve important functions in the body.
Macromolecules, pt 1
The document discusses the basic building blocks of living things. It introduces cells as the smallest unit of life and notes that all cells are made of macromolecules. It defines macromolecules as large molecules formed by joining many smaller molecules together. The four main types of macromolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. These macromolecules are synthesized from simple precursor molecules called monomers that join together in chains to form larger polymer molecules.
Biomolecules
The document provides an introduction to macromolecules (biomolecules) that make up living things. It discusses the four main types of organic macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. It provides examples of monomer subunits that combine to form polymers of each type of macromolecule, along with their basic structures and roles in living things.
Biological molecules
This document discusses biological molecules and biomolecules. It notes that the four most important elements that make up living things are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. Carbon is particularly important as it can form many different structures and molecules due to its ability to form up to four bonds. Biomolecules are organic molecules found in living organisms, including macromolecules like carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. The document then discusses specific biomolecules like carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and water in more detail.
Chapter3
This document summarizes key concepts about biological molecules found in living things. It discusses how organic molecules are synthesized through dehydration synthesis reactions forming polymers from monomers, and broken down through hydrolysis reactions breaking polymers into monomers. It also categorizes the main types of organic molecules found in living things as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, and provides examples like glucose and starch for carbohydrates, and amino acids and proteins.
Biological-Macromolecules.pptx
Biological macromolecules are polymers made up of repeating monomer units joined by dehydration synthesis. The four main types of biological macromolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates include monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides and function as energy stores and structural components. Lipids are hydrophobic and function in insulation, energy storage, and as structural components of cell membranes. Proteins are polymers of amino acids and function in structure, enzyme catalysis, transport, defense, hormones, and motion. Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA store genetic information as polymers of nucleotides.
Org. molecules pres.
This document discusses carbon compounds and macromolecules. It explains that carbon atoms can form strong bonds with many elements, allowing living organisms to be made of molecules with carbon. The four main macromolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins. Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are made of monomers that polymerize, while nucleic acids are made of nucleotides. Each macromolecule has distinct functions in living organisms.
WCCCD - BIO 155 POWERPOINT on Ch 3 The Chemical Building Blocks of Life Part ...
To BIO 155 students,
Another attempt to give you these PowerPoints. Best regards, Professor Jenkins
WCCCD - BIO 155 POWERPOINT on Ch 3 The Chemical Building Blocks of Life Part ...
To BIO 155 students,
Another attempt to give you these PowerPoints. Best regards, Professor Jenkins
Moleculesof life
Most of the world's population is lactose intolerant because they lack the enzyme lactase as adults. There are different types of lactose intolerance, including primary lactase deficiency which is genetic and affects adults, secondary deficiency caused by intestinal injury, and congenital deficiency present from birth. Lactose intolerance is caused by a lactase deficiency rather than an immune response like milk allergy.
Biological-Macromolecules-for-Stem11.pptx
This document summarizes key biological macromolecules:
1. Carbohydrates include monosaccharides (simple sugars), disaccharides (two monosaccharides combined), and polysaccharides (repeating monosaccharide units). Polysaccharides store energy as starch and glycogen or serve as structural cellulose and chitin.
2. Lipids are hydrophobic and used for insulation and energy storage as fats and oils. Phospholipids are key components of cell membranes. Steroids include cholesterol and hormones.
3. Proteins are polymers of amino acids joined by peptide bonds. They serve structural, enzymatic, transport, defense, and motion functions. Nucleic acids DNA and RNA store
AP BIO Ch 5 ppt
Here are the names of the bonds:
1. Sugars in a polysaccharide - Glycosidic bonds
2. Amino acids in a protein - Peptide bonds
3. Nucleotides in a nucleic acid - Phosphodiester bonds
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Transcript for podcast
- 1. Transcript for Podcast of Macromolecules Sonia Leng WEB130 11/10/2010
- 2. What are we talking about today? Biology’s most important concepts Macromolecules Four groups: Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids
- 3. Macromolecules What does each have in common? Each contains Carbon Each are polymers No need to worry about the organic chemistry How are these made? Via condensation reactions How are macromolecules broken down? Via hydrolysis
- 5. Carbohydrates Three types: Monosaccharides Disaccharides Polysaccharides Good examples of Disaccharides Maltose Sucrose Lactose
- 6. Lipids All are hydrophobic (water-hater) There common lipids Fats Phospholipids Steroids What do each function for?
- 7. Proteins Function What forms the structure of proteins? What are the four conformations of proteins? Primary Secondary Tertiary Quaternary
- 9. Nucleic Acids What forms the structure of Nucleic Acids? What is their function? What are the names of the building blocks of Amino Acids? What are their groups? Cytosine (Pyrimidine) Adenine (Purine) Guanine (Purine) Thymine (Pyrimidine) Uracil (RNA, Pyrimidine)
- 10. Wrap-up Macromolecules Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Look over illustrations provided for certain macromolecules