Presentation, embedded below was developed to bring users up to speed in interpretation of their resistivity data. Class for end users was conducted in Indonesia and included training on field data collection with SibER-48 using ~ 900 m long profile in Wenner-Schlumberger and pole-dipole (remote electrode) 2D tomography. On the second day users received hands-on instructions on data import into RES2DINV software, quality assurance of the data based on visual approach as well as through RMS of the interpretation model. General discussion about non-uniqueness of the subsurface interpretation model for 1D, 2D, and 3D representations has followed this class.

1. Training on RES2DINV/RES3DINV
software
(Geotomo software, Malaysia)
LARISA GOLOVKO, PH D
LANDVISER LLC
HOUSTON, TX

2. Materials need
 Each participant need to bring laptop!
 Copy folder 1RES2DINV to each laptop:
 Two .d2d files with data from yesterday
 Software installs
 Manuals for SibER-48, RES2DINV, RES2DMOD
 Off-line instruction pages from www.landviser.net
 Dr. Loke’s Course Notes on Theory of 2D&3D resistivity surveys
 Install software:
 SibER Tools
 RES2DINV, etc.
 RIPPP

3. VES (1D-2D-3D) ER/SP/IP equipment
 SibER-48 ( <2A) & LandMapper ( 7 mA)
 Stationary DC equipment usually measures three electrical
parameters – resistivity (ER), induced polarization (IP), self-
potential (SP)
 “Unlimited” depths and resolutions through electrode
spacing/combination
 Usually automatic multiplexing of 4-electrode arrays
 Max depth ~½-1/3 of surface wire spread, also somewhat limited
by output current/instrument sensitivity: environmental
applications need between 2 mA to 500 mA (EPA
http://www.epa.gov/esd/cmb/GeophysicsWebsite
 In most conditions in Indonesia the input voltage of <60 V is
recommended

4. SibER-48
SibER roll along layout
48-electrodes single channel Resistivity
and Induced Polarisation imaging
instrument
SibER-48
Developed in 2012
Produced 50 pcs, distributed in Russia, Ukraine,
Armenia, Indonesia.
Fastest single channel ERT instrument in the World.
Technologies and innovations

5. V Receiver
Transmitting
electrodes
Grounded
electrode
Every one of 48 electrode is connected to transmitter or receiver. The automatic switchboard is
switching the electrodes, making the ρ measurement at various depth and on line position. The data
inversion process inverts the data into 2D cross-section. The set of 2D cross-sections can be
processed by 3D inversion procedure.
Electric Resistivity Tomography and Induced Polarization method
and SibER device for shallow (up to 300 m) subsurface survey
Siber-48

6. SibER 48 electrodes, one channel, up to 2 A
Different arrays can be used to improve resolution /
increase depth of penetration (see SibER example pdf)

7. 2D and 3D resistivity studies -
multiplexing of different arrays

8. Types of arrays

9. First field day
 Use SibER Tools to create electrode layouts and load into instrument.

10. First field day
 Use SibER Tools to create electrode layouts and load
into instrument.
 2 profiles:
 mtl01slb.d2d – Schlumberger
 mtl01wna.d2d – Wenner Alpha
 Use RiPPP to view profiles and pseudosections, clean
data and export in RES2DINV format .dat

11. Arrays Possible
Layout # Elec. Nane RES2DINV
code
Example file
4 Wenner-
Schlumberger
7 PIPESCHL.DAT
3 Pole-Dipole 6 PDIPREV.DAT
2-4 General Array 11 RATCMIX.DAT
http://landviser.net/content/formatting-array-input-data-file-res2dinv-
surface-electrodes-any-geometry

12. General electrode format
Ax[m] Bx[m] Mx[m] Nx[m] Center[m] Depth[m] Tx.I[mA] Tx.U[V] Rx.U[mV] Rx.SP[mV] ?[Ohm*m] M[mV/V] Q[%]
0 60 20 40 30 10.38 315.194 0 151.446 0 60.3795 0 0
20 80 40 60 50 10.38 368.972 0 146.133 0 49.7697 0 0.437
40 100 60 80 70 10.38 269.278 0 101.485 0 47.3599 0 0.264
60 120 80 100 90 10.38 321.36 0 105.864 0 41.3968 0 0.294
RiPPP raw data table

13. Schlumberger - RiPPP
 Schlumberger (20 m, 8 cables = 980 m length, 160 m depth)
 Schlumberger (5 m, 8 cables= 245 m length, ~40 m depth)

14. Schlumberger - RiPPP

15. Schlumberger - RiPPP
The pseudosection gives a very
approximate picture of the true
subsurface resistivity
distribution. However the
pseudosection gives a distorted
picture of the subsurface
because the shapes of the
contours depend on the type of
array used as well as the true
subsurface resistivity.
The pseudosection is useful as a means to present the measured
apparent resistivity values in a pictorial form, and as an initial
guide for further quantitative interpretation. One common mistake
made is to try to use the pseudosection as a final picture of the true
subsurface resistivity.

16. RiPPP to RES2DINV

17. General electrode format
Ax[m] Bx[m] Mx[m] Nx[m] Center[m] Depth[m] Tx.I[mA] Tx.U[V] Rx.U[mV] Rx.SP[mV] ?[Ohm*m] M[mV/V] Q[%]
0 60 20 40 30 10.38 315.194 0 151.446 0 60.3795 0 0
20 80 40 60 50 10.38 368.972 0 146.133 0 49.7697 0 0.437
40 100 60 80 70 10.38 269.278 0 101.485 0 47.3599 0 0.264
60 120 80 100 90 10.38 321.36 0 105.864 0 41.3968 0 0.294
RiPPP raw data table
Exported in RES2DINV
Íîâûé ïðîåêò.dat
20
11
0
Type of
measur
ement (0=app. resistivity,1=resistance)
1
497
2
0
4 0 0 60 0 20 0 40 0 0.480485
4 20 0 80 0 40 0 60 0 0.396054
4 40 0 100 0 60 0 80 0 0.376878
4 60 0 120 0 80 0 100 0 0.329425
4 80 0 140 0 100 0 120 0 0.388033

18. starting RES2DINV

19. Loading data file .dat into
RES2DINV

20. Before inversion:
model refinement

21. Running inversion – options
for Quality Control
 Manually removing bad data
 Changing damping factors
 Inversion model file .inv

22. Presenting data profiles
 Changing depth to linear
 Bedrock detection
 Removing bad data with RMS after initial inversion and re-running
inversion.

23. Schlumberger – kiriar01
 Schlumberger (20 m, 8 cables = 980 m length, 160 m
depth)

24. Schlumberger – kiriar01
 Schlumberger (20 m, 8 cables = 980 m length, 160 m depth)
 5 data points manually removed in RES2DINV

25. Pole-dipole – kiriar02
 Bad electrode connection troubleshooting in the field (re-run profile => kiriar03)
 Cleaning in RES2DINV - 15 data points removed

26. Pole-dipole – kiriar03

27. Troubleshooting unstable
inversion

28. Pole-dipole – kiriar03
changing damping factor

29. Pole-dipole corrected (>60% RMS
removed) – kiriar03-60.dat

30. Pole-dipole corrected >60%
RMS removed

31. Pole-dipole corrected >60%
RMS removed

32. Pole-Dipole – kiriar03
final

33. Subsurface representation
models

34. Typical resistivity values

35. Measuring EC of saturated soil paste in
standard four-electrode cells

36. LandMapper – measuring ER in deep soil
pit, Philippines (2004)

37. Also available:
 New Hand-held resistivity/self-potential meters – LandMapper ERM-03
and ERM-04 - available NOW
 Multi-frequency electromagnetic scanner AEMP-14 – available
NOW
 SibER-64 18-channel resistivity/IP system ( available Now)
 Free Agricultural Geophysics webinar series
 www.ag-geophysics.org 1st and 2nd recordings already on
 contact Larisa Golovko, Ph.D:
 info@landviser.net
 +1-609-412-0555

38. Vertical Electrical Sounding (1D)
 Simple and fast
 Provide profile distribution of ER from soil
surface to any depth
 Easily customized sounding depths
through different electrode arrays
 Many freeware available for 1D data
interpretation: f.e. RES1DINV

39. Manual soil VES
 MN= 2m - constant for the whole VES profile (1D)
 All measurements done at K0=1 (or K1=10, K2=100 to boost the signal)
 Manual VES procedure – spread AB electrodes completely and then
move AB electrodes inward to pre-set distances. – www.landviser.net