Protected areas are those in which human occupation or at least the exploitation of resources is limited.
The definition that has been widely accepted across regional and global frameworks has been provided by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in its categorization guidelines for protected areas.
There are several kinds of protected areas, which vary by level of protection depending on the enabling laws of each country or the regulations of the international organizations involved.
The term "protected area" also includes
Marine Protected Areas, the boundaries of which will include some area of ocean, and
Trans boundary Protected Areas that overlap multiple countries which remove the borders inside the area for conservation and economic purposes.
Protected areas are those in which human occupation or at least the exploitation of resources is limited.
The definition that has been widely accepted across regional and global frameworks has been provided by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in its categorization guidelines for protected areas.
There are several kinds of protected areas, which vary by level of protection depending on the enabling laws of each country or the regulations of the international organizations involved.
The term "protected area" also includes
Marine Protected Areas, the boundaries of which will include some area of ocean, and
Trans boundary Protected Areas that overlap multiple countries which remove the borders inside the area for conservation and economic purposes.
wildlife conservation, benefits of wildlife, threats to wildlife, conservation measures, types of wildlife, national parks and wildlife sanctuaries, current scenario of wildlife in india, important national parks in india
Its all about endangerment of species. 7 mammals who are one the verge of extinction. IUCN ratings and statistical data will help you out.
It was our 12th EVS presentation. But since our presentation is over, I would like to share my team's .ppt to others.
Wildlife crime: a review of the evidence on drivers and impacts in UgandaIIED
A presentation by IIED principal researcher Dilys Roe that summarises the key findings from work on wildlife crime and poverty in Uganda.
The presentation was made at an event to launch a report into the drivers and impacts of wildlife crime in Uganda on Wednesday, July 8, 2015.
More details: http://www.iied.org/what-drives-wildlife-crime-uganda
wildlife conservation, benefits of wildlife, threats to wildlife, conservation measures, types of wildlife, national parks and wildlife sanctuaries, current scenario of wildlife in india, important national parks in india
Its all about endangerment of species. 7 mammals who are one the verge of extinction. IUCN ratings and statistical data will help you out.
It was our 12th EVS presentation. But since our presentation is over, I would like to share my team's .ppt to others.
Wildlife crime: a review of the evidence on drivers and impacts in UgandaIIED
A presentation by IIED principal researcher Dilys Roe that summarises the key findings from work on wildlife crime and poverty in Uganda.
The presentation was made at an event to launch a report into the drivers and impacts of wildlife crime in Uganda on Wednesday, July 8, 2015.
More details: http://www.iied.org/what-drives-wildlife-crime-uganda
Forest and Wildlife Resources Class - 10thNehaRohtagi1
PowerPoint Presentation on the topic - 'Forest and Wildlife Resources'. For Class - 10th.
Created By - 'Neha Rohtagi'
I hope that you will found this presentation useful and it will help you out for your concept understanding.
Thank You!
Top 8 Strategies for Effective Sustainable Waste Management.pdfJhon Wick
Discover top strategies for effective sustainable waste management, including product removal and product destruction. Learn how to reduce, reuse, recycle, compost, implement waste segregation, and explore innovative technologies for a greener future.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
2. About WED
• WED is the United Nations’ campaign for encouraging
global awareness and action for the environment. It is
celebrated every 5 June since 1972.
• This year’s theme for WED – Go Wild for Life –
encourages you to celebrate all those species under
threat and take action of your own to help safeguard
them for future generations
3. Why Celebrate WED?
• When we see or experience the negative effects of
climate change, environmental degradation or resource
depletion it is easy to blame others - governments for not
prioritising environmental policy; industry for raising
greenhouse gas emissions; NGOs for not lobbying
strongly enough; and individuals for not taking action.
• WED however is a day we put aside our differences and
instead celebrate the achievements we’ve made towards
protecting the environment.
• By celebrating WED, we remind ourselves and others of
the importance of caring for our environment. Remember
that every action counts, so join us: every year,
everywhere, everyone!
4. Trade in Wildlife
The booming illegal trade in wildlife products is eroding Earth’s
precious biodiversity, robbing us of our natural heritage and
pushing whole species toward extinction. The killing and
smuggling is also undermining economies, fuelling organized
crime, and feeding corruption and insecurity across the globe
5. Overview
• The trade endangers iconic elephants, rhinos, tigers, gorillas and
sea turtles. Lesser-known species include helmeted hornbills,
pangolins and wild orchids.
• Efforts to protect them have scored some successes. However,
these and many other species remain at risk despite international
campaigns to influence policy and considerable investments in
conservation and law enforcement.
• To turn this tide, more people need to understand the damage this
illicit business is doing to our environment, economies, communities
and security.
• We must also change our habits and behaviour so that demand for
wildlife products falls.
• More awareness increases the pressure on governments and
international bodies to introduce and enforce tougher laws and
combat those still willing to break them.
6.
7. What is Wildlife Trade?
Wildlife trade is any sale or exchange of wild
animal and plant resources by people. This
can involve live animals and plants or a
diverse range of products needed or prized
by humans—including skins, medicinal
ingredients, tourist curios, timber, fish and
other food products. Most wildlife trade is
probably within national borders, but there is
a large volume of wildlife in trade
internationally.
8. Reasons for trade wildlife
• Food
• Animal fodder
• Building materials
• Healthcare
• Clothing and ornaments
• Pets
• Sport
• Collections
• Religion
10. Furs & Skins: Facts
• The wild fur trade in India deals with at
least 20 species of animals.
• Of these, 18 species are endangered or
vulnerable.
11.
12. • Three leopard skins and bones were seized in Pithoragarh on 30 April 2016.
-Uttarakhand Police's special task force seized the skins of five big cats from
Haridwar forest division and arrested one of the poachers belonging to
Bawaria gang in March 2016.
-In January too, seven leopard skins and bones were seized in the Lalpur
area of Pauri district.
Fur & Skin: Facts
14. Live Mammals
• Globally, as many as 80-90% of the primates used in
medical research come from the wild.
• USA, the largest primate market in the world imports
13,000-17,000 live animals per year .
• In 1992, 200 Indian star tortoises were seized in the
Netherlands bound for USA.
• Other mammals traded are Sloth Bear, Clouded
Leopards, Slow Loris, Red Panda, Hoolock Gibbon,
Clouded Leopard, Leopard Cat for pet and large cats for
circus.
• Thousands of Spiny-tailed Lizards were collected in
western India and used for extracting oil, which is
supposed to have aphrodisiacal properties.
15. World over, live animals are used in zoos, circuses, private
collections or breeding programmes.
25. Antlers and Horns: Facts
• The antlers of deer such as Chital, Sambar,
Barking Deer and Swamp Deer are found in the
trade.
• The main export of antlers or products from India
is to Europe, Australia, East Asia and USA.
• Major supplier states are Andhra Pradesh,
Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra.
• Total collection is estimated to be 20 tons
annually.
26. Antlers & Horns: Facts
• Antlers are used in cutlery handles and
buttons. Also used as whole antlers for
trophies or shields for decorating houses.
They are also reported to be used in
traditional oriental medicines.
28. Live Birds
• The minimum declared value of the world bird
trade is US$ 44 million.
• About 3.5 to 5 million wild birds are documented
in international commercial trade annually.
• On a global basis, one out of three birds caught
from the wild survives on an average; one dies
during capture and another during
transportation.
• As per the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, keeping
and sale of wild birds is prohibited.
29. Birds in Trade: Facts
As many as 5,00,000 live
Parrots and Parakeets
enter the global trade
annually.
Thirteen Rose Ringed
Parakeets were seized in Uttar
Pradesh on 16 March 2016 by
the forest department with help
from Wildlife SOS
33. Reptile Skins: Facts
• It is estimated that India used to export US$ 60
million worth of reptile skins annually when the
trade was legal.
• Under the Wildlife Protection Act and CITES, all
the following reptiles are protected by law, trade
in these species is illegal – Marsh Crocodile,
Salt Water Crocodile, Common Monitor Lizard,
Yellow Monitor Lizard, Rock Python, Cobra, Rat
snake, Russell’s Viper.
34.
35. Reptile skins are used for manufacturing wallets, belts,
shoes, whips and other leather accessories.
36. Turtles & Tortoises: Facts
• In India, there are 16 species of freshwater and semi-aquatic turtles, six
species of soft-shell turtles, four species of land tortoises and five
species of marine turtles.
• All the 5 marine turtles are endangered and three are traded mainly for
meat.
• Although international trade is banned, there are reports of smuggling
turtles from India to Bangladesh for meat and of live star tortoises mainly
to the Middle East for the pet trade.
• Major centres for smuggling of tortoises for the pet trade are Chennai,
Bangalore, and Ahmedabad. Both tortoises and turtles are traded as pet
to countries like Europe, Middle East and S.E. Asia.
• Turtle shell is used for making handbags, comb-handles, fancy hair-
clips, etc. A handbag of Hawksbill shell decorated with corals, pearls
and more, which is an attraction for foreign tourists, can cost up to a lakh
of rupees in India.
41. Butterflies in Trade: Facts
• Trade in butterflies is estimated to be worth US$ 100
million per year.
• Taiwan exports upto 500 million butterflies per year,
many of them collected from all over Asia.
42. Butterfly in Trade: Facts
• Banded Apollos found in Ladakh region, are much sought after
butterfly species. One specimen can fetch upto thousands of
dollars in Europe and USA.
• Main collection centres- Himalayan and Trans Himalayan
region, North East India, Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
43. Butterfly plaques used as drawing room hangings,
ornaments, pen holders, table mats and other decorative
items are sold in many countries.
45. Shells in Trade: Facts
• Commercial Trochus, a coral reef species,
was once used to provide material for
buttons and was exported from India. It is
still being fished in small quantities for
decorative purposes.
• Turban shells provide mother-of-pearl for
making decorative buttons, beads and
jewellery. They are much in demand for
making curios and utilitarian articles.
• Conches are collected for decorative
purposes.
• Sacred chanks are exploited for the popular
bangle industry in West Bengal. Imported
from Sri Lanka, it is one of the most traded
shells.
• Giant Clams are the largest bivalves in the
world and are mostly exploited for edible
purposes by the local population.
46. Aquarium Fishes
• The total annual world market for aquarium fish is
growing by 10-15% per year.
• Asian countries supply most of the freshwater aquarium
fishes in the market today.
• As many as 340-500 million fish are kept as pets in USA
alone.
• USA imports some 125 million ornamental fish per year.
• One study indicates that only 300 fish out of the 1,000
taken from the sea survive on an average.
• India exports Aquarium fish annually to various countries
including USA, Japan, Malaysia, Nepal, Singapore,
Netherlands, Germany and others.
47. Whale Sharks in Trade: Facts
• Whale shark is the largest species of
shark, declared vulnerable under the IUCN
Red List.
• India banned whale shark hunting in 2001,
making it the first fish to be protected
under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.
• Fins are exported and used for making fin-
soup, and the liver is used to extract an oil,
which is consumed locally.
48. Finning is a gruesome act where the fishermen sometimes
cut all the fins after which the living animal is thrown back
to the water, to die a slow and horrifying death.
53. Plant in Trade: Facts
• According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 4
billion people rely on herbal medicines to some extent.
• India and Brazil are the largest exporters of medicinal plants.
• In India, the collection of medicinal plants continues unabated
especially in the North-east, the Himalayas and the Western Ghats.
• The notion that a plant collected from the wild is more efficacious
than a cultivated one pose problems for plant conservation. Hence,
the wild plant may fetch up to three times as much as a cultivated
variety.
• Medicinal plants are traded as chips, pulp, bark, fruit, root, wood,
herb, flower, seed, petals, rhizomes, nuts, shells and others.
• Plants that are in trade are Indian Birthwort, Himalayan May apple,
Kutki, Indian Serpent root, Yam, Himalayan Spikenard, Golden
Moss, and Yew. These medicinally important plants are highly
endangered and are protected under Wildlife Protection Act.
54. Ornamental Plants
• The world market for wild plants, for
decorating houses and gardens, is
large as trade among collectors adds
to the peril of species that are rare
and difficult to cultivate.
• Such as Cactus ,Rare Cycads and
Carnivorous plants
55. Orchids
• Orchids are the plants that are
most in demand in the world
trade due to their spectacular
beauty and exotic aura.
Orchids, like the very rare
Lady’s Slipper (Paphiopedilum
rothschildianum), are sold at
high price.
• Orchid trade centres in India
include Kalimpong, Shillong
and Trivandrum.
• Wild orchids are often
smuggled out of the country as
cut flowers by wrongly
declaring them as lilies or
other exotic flowers.
57. LAWS
•CITES: International trade in endangered and
threatened species is regulated by the Convention
on International Trade in Endangered Species of
Wildlife Fauna and Flora (CITES) which strives to
ensure that international trade in wild animals and
plants is legal, sustainable and traceable and is
not detrimental to the survival of the species in the
wild. International commercial trade is strictly
prohibited for those species listed as Appendix I.
• Wildlife Protection Act 1972
• TRAFFIC
58.
59.
60. Quick Five Steps
1. Being better informed about the status of wildlife
and wildlife products. Spreading the word and
encouraging others to get better informed
2. Supporting governments and local communities to
tackle the illegal trade in wildlife
3. Reporting crimes when they are witnessed through
mobile technology and national hotlines
4. Working to reduce human-wildlife conflict for land
and resources at community level
5. Making individual choices that don’t threaten
species such as not buying products from wildlife
protected by law and by supporting companies that
demonstrate sustainable supply chains and
environmentally responsible policies.
63. iNaturewatch Foundation is a Navi Mumbai
based charitable trust working in the field
of urban environment in India
Contact: 2 Mandar, Plot A-23, Sector-12, Kharghar, Navi Mumbia-
410210.
9820165525, inaturewatch@gmail.com,
www.inaturewatch.org