Trabajo de linguistica
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This document discusses three key concepts in phonology: phonemes, morphemes, and semantics. Phonemes are the smallest units of sound that can distinguish one word from another. Morphemes are the smallest units of meaning, which can stand alone as words or be combined to change meaning or part of speech. Semantics is the study of meaning, including how words can be semantically related as synonyms, antonyms, homophones, or homonyms.
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Minimal pairs are pairs of words that differ by only one phoneme, demonstrating that the differing sounds represent distinct phonemes in a language. They show that substituting one phoneme for another changes the word's meaning. Examples of English minimal pairs include wet/yet, kill/gill, and park/bark. Minimal sets contain more than two words that differ by just one phoneme. Both minimal pairs and sets are used to identify individual phonemes in a language's phonological system.
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This document discusses phonology and phonetics. Phonology is the study of sound patterns in language, while phonetics is the physical properties and production of speech sounds. A phoneme is a meaningful sound unit in a language, represented between slashes. An allophone is a phonetic realization of a phoneme. For example, the 'p' sound in 'paper' and 'spill' are allophones of the phoneme /p/ in English. Phonemes contrast meaning between words, like 'rowing' vs. 'mowing', while allophones do not change meaning. The minimal pairs test examines if two sounds can change the meaning of words when swapped, like "take" vs. "tape".
second language acquisition
The document discusses several key aspects of second language acquisition, including:
- It occurs after a first language is established
- Factors that influence it include the language spoken at home, opportunities to practice the second language, and motivation
- Children acquiring a second language bring different skills than when acquiring their first language
- The linguistic environment is usually different for second language acquisition compared to acquiring a first language
It then provides examples of phonological rules and development in a primary-school aged child learning a second language.
Morphological typology/ Morphological Operations
The document discusses morphological typology, which is the classification of languages based on how words are formed from morphemes. It defines key concepts like morphology, typology, and morphological processes. Morphological typology categorizes languages into types based on their word formation processes, such as isolating/analytic languages which form words from single morphemes, and polysynthetic languages which express whole ideas within a single word using many bound morphemes. The document also examines morphological processes including concatenative processes like affixation and compounding, and non-concatenative processes like internal modification and conversion.
1 introduction to phonetics and phonology
Phonetics is the study of how sounds are produced and perceived physically, while phonology studies how sounds work and combine mentally in languages. Phonemes are the smallest units of sound that can distinguish words in a language, such as the vowels in "pin" and "pen" or consonants in "pet" and "bet". Phonology also examines how phonemes change and contrast to impact meaning. Dialects vary languages in pronunciation as well as vocabulary and grammar, while accents only differ in pronunciation.
Phonetic 4 zhian
The document discusses phonemes, allophones, complementary distribution, and free variation in phonology. It defines phonemes as the smallest units that distinguish meaning, while allophones are predictable variants of phonemes. Complementary distribution occurs when similar phones only occur in different environments without changing meaning. Free variation means two sounds can be used interchangeably without altering meaning. The document also examines the syllable structure of English and defines syllables as consisting of an optional onset, obligatory nucleus, and optional coda, with consonants acting as the nucleus in some cases.
Language and its components, Reference from T.A. Subba Rao
Communication, speech, language, Language and its Components Such as form, use, content subcomponents such as Phonology, morphology, syntax, prosody, semantics, pragmatics.
WHAT ARE PHONEMES
Phonemes are the smallest units of sound in a language that are used to distinguish meaning. In English there are approximately 44 phonemes represented by 26 letters and letter combinations. Phonemes can vary phonetically as allophones without changing the meaning, such as the "p" sound in "pin" and "spin" both being allophones of the phoneme "p". To identify the phonemes in a word, it must be segmented, or broken down, into its individual sounds.
Language and its components.pptx
Language and its components, main components, Sub components, Form
context, Use; Phonology, morphology, syntax, prosody and semantics, pragmatics
T A Subba Rao
13894674.ppt
This document discusses the different levels of language and speech from phonology to syntax. It defines primary/basic and secondary/non-basic levels, with primary levels having their own linguistic units. Primary levels include phonology, morphology, and lexicology. Secondary levels like stylistics use units from primary levels. The main differences between language and speech are that language is abstract and common, while speech is concrete and individual. Variations exist at each level, like allophones in phonology and allomorphs in morphology.
The sound patterns of language
This file is created for English literature students in universities especially for BA students. It is adapted from The study of language by George Yule. I hope this will help you
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This document provides an overview of the study of language and linguistics. It discusses what language is, the components of language including phonemes, morphemes, lexemes, syntax and context. It also describes the main branches of linguistics such as phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and comparative philology. Traditional grammar and its rules are explained.
Asl phonology, classes of speech sounds, and feature specifications anthony...
The document discusses several topics relating to phonology:
1) It describes the parameters that define the phonology of American Sign Language (ASL), including location, movement, palm orientation, handshape, and facial expression.
2) It explains natural classes of speech sounds as groups of phonemes that share distinctive features, and provides examples from English consonants.
3) It presents feature specifications that identify American English consonants and vowels according to their phonological traits.
Morfologija uvod
A brief introduction to the study of morphology. Definitions of morphology, base, stem, derivation, affix, etc.
Examples.
1 let english beed content areas
This document provides an overview of linguistic concepts and theories of language that are relevant to language teaching. It discusses the key areas of linguistics including phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. It also outlines several theories of language such as structuralism, transformationalism, functionalism, and interactionism that have influenced approaches to language teaching. Theories of second language acquisition discussed include behaviorist learning theory. The document aims to inform language teachers about the underlying linguistic knowledge and theoretical frameworks that can inform how they teach different elements of the target language.
Language and culture
The document discusses the relationship between language and culture. It states that language is the most important component of culture, and that language and culture are intertwined. Culture determines how people communicate through language by influencing message encoding and imposing social norms. The document also discusses the role of family and community in language development for children, with parents and interaction with others being important factors. Finally, it examines how culture can shape perspectives and the way linguistic concepts are categorized.
Dictionary skills.
This document discusses the purpose and proper use of dictionaries. It begins by defining a dictionary as a reference book that provides information about words, usually in alphabetical order, including their meanings, pronunciations, origins, and parts of speech. It then provides instructions on how to use a dictionary by understanding its organizational structure and guidewords. Finally, it outlines the various functions of a dictionary beyond simply defining words, such as providing synonyms, information on usage, and enriching one's vocabulary.
Main Branches of Linguistics LEPURA.pptx
This document provides an overview of syntax, which studies sentence structure. It discusses that speakers can produce an infinite number of sentences through combining words and phrases. It also covers parts of speech, including nouns, verbs, adjectives, and more. Additionally, it explains that English follows a subject-verb-object word order and introduces the concept of phrases, including how they can be identified and moved around in sentences.
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Trabajo de linguistica
- 2. PHONOLOGY
- 4. THREE STAGES IN SPEECH CHAIN
- 5. PHONOLOGY Is a branch of linguistics. Study the systematic organization of sounds in languages. It is focused on study of the systems of PHONEMES.
- 6. Is the smallest meaningful unit of sounds in a language. A meaningful sound is one that will change one word into another word. Example: rip lip The phonemes (r) and (l) serve to distinguish the word rip from the word lip.
- 8. KILL AND KISS Is the result of the exchange of the phoneme (l) For the phoneme (s) two words that differ in meaning through a contrast of a single phoneme are called minimal pairs.
- 9. MORPHEMES The morpheme is not identical to a word, the principal difference between the two is that a morpheme may or not stand alone,whereas a word by definition is freestanding.
- 10. MORPHEME INFLECTIVE Modify a verb´s tense or a noun´s number. brush es,ed,ing dog s Don´t change meaning DERIVATIONAL Combined with a root, change either the semantic meaning or part of the speech. Happy happiness. Write writer Nation root National Nationality international Stand alone Independient meaning House,dog boy,man
- 11. IS THE STUDY OF THE MEANING OF LINGUISTICS EXPRESSIONS. NATIVE SPEAKERS OF ANY LANGUAGE USE THE INTUITION ABOUT THE MEANING OF WORDS. EXAMPLE: HE IS WORKING. ENGLISH YA! RIGHT! SPANISH YA! COMO NO!
- 12. WORDS CAN BE SEMANTICALLY RELATED THEY CAN BE USED TO MEAN THE SAME THING BEGIN BLANK QUICK INTELLIGENT SAD SYNONYMS START EMPTY FAST CLEVER UNHAPPY
- 13. ARE WORDS THAT MEANS THE OPPOSITE OF ANOTHER WORDS. ACCEPT ADMIT ALIVE BEST DANGER DISEASE REFUSE DENY DEAD WORST SAFETY HEALTH
- 14. SEMANTICALLY RELATED ARE WORDS THAT: SAME SOUND. DIFFERENT SPELLING. DIFFERENT MEANING. DIFFERENT GRAMMAR FUNTION. DIFFERENT ORIGIN. Right write For four Ate eight ARE WORDS THAT: SAME SOUND SAME SPELLING DIFFERENT MEANING DIFFERENT GRAMMAR FUNTION. DIFFERENT ORIGIN. Close close Saw saw Tire tire HOMOPHONES HOMONYMS