Tpp (coenzyme chemistry)
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Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) is an important coenzyme that maintains normal heart and energy metabolism functions. TPP works as a coenzyme in several enzymatic reactions including pyruvate decarboxylase, transketolase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, and alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. As a cofactor for pyruvate decarboxylase, TPP facilitates the decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetaldehyde. For transketolase, TPP transfers a two-carbon unit from xylulose 5-phosphate to ribose 5-phosphate, yielding sedoheptulose 7-phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. The mechanisms of these reactions
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- 1. Thiamine pyrophosphate(TPP) (Co-enzyme Chemistry) Presented to:- Dr.Rajesh k.Sharma Presented by:- Anmol M.Sc.Chemistry 2nd year (4th sem) Roll no:- 4853 Practical paper code:- CH525 Session:- 2020-2021 Date:- 15/6/2021 TOPIC:- Structure, biological functions and reactions catalyzed by TPP
- 2. Introduction : • • • Thiamine is a white crystalline compound, readily soluble in water but insoluble in fats. Thiamine is also known as Vitamin B1 ,anti beriberi factor or anti neuritic vitamin. Thiamine occurs in the human body as free thiamine and its phosphorylated form : # Thiamine monophosphate(TMP); # Thiamine triphosphate(TTP); # Thiamine pyrophosphate(TPP) which is also known as thiamine diphosphate.
- 3. Structure of thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) : • Thiamine pyrophosphate(TPP) contains two ring systems: A pyrimidine A thiazole
- 4. Biological functions of TPP: • • • • TPP maintains the normal function of heart. TPP maintains the carbohydrate and energy-yielding metabolism. TPP has a role in nerve conduction. TPP works as a coenzyme in many enzymatic reaction such as: (1) Pyruvate decarboxylase (2) Transketolase (3) Pyruvate dehydrogenase (4) Alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
- 5. Reactions catalyzed by TPP : (1) TPP as an essential cofactor of pyruvate decarboxylase: Decarboxylation of pyruvate form acetaldehyde and CO2 which is catalyzed by pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) and coenzyme TPP. In TCA cycle, TPP acts as a coenzyme for pyruvate decarboxylase to decarboxylate pyruvic acid and alpha-ketoglutaric acid
- 6. Mechanism of pyruvate decarboxylase: • • • • Step1: Nucleophilic attack by the ylid form of TPP on the carbonyl carbon of pyruvate to form a covalent adduct. Step2: CO2 released and resonance stabilized Carbanion adduct form, thiazolium ring of coenzyme acts as an electron sink. Step3: Protonation of the Carbanion. Step4: Regeneration of active enzyme and acetaldehyde formed.
- 7. • • • • • (2) TPP as coenzyme for Transketolase : Xylulose-5-phosphate(Xu5P) transfer C2 unit to Ribose-5-phosphate(R5P) , yielding Sedoheptulose-7- phosphate(S7P) and Glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate(GAP). The reaction occurs as follows : The TPP ylid attacks the carbonyl group of Xu5P. C2-C3 bond cleaves yields GAP and enzyme bound 2-(1,2- dihydroxyethyl)-TPP, resonance-stabilized Carbanion. C2 carbanion attacks the aldehyde carbon of R5P forming an S7P-TPP adduct. TPP is eliminated yielding S7P and regenerated TPP-enzyme.
- 8. Mechanism of Transketolase: • Reaction occurs as follows:
- 9. THANK YOU