Mossbaur spectroscopy...
•
1 like•132 views
This document appears to be a cover page for a practical paper submission from a student named Anmol, who is presenting to Prof. Kamal Kishore. Anmol is an M.Sc. Chemistry student in their 3rd semester with a roll number of 4853, submitting a practical paper in February 2021 for the code 516 course.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Download to read offline
Recommended
Mossbauer Spectroscopy
Mossbauer spectroscopy: history, Mossbauer effect, importance of resonance, nuclear excitation, Mossbauer spectra, quadrupole spectra, isomer shift, magnetic hyperfine splitting, Mossbauer active element, Mossbauer spectrometer, instrumentation, principle, strength & limitations, application.
https://www.linkedin.com/in/preeti-choudhary-266414182/
https://www.instagram.com/chaudharypreeti1997/
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100013419194533
https://twitter.com/preetic27018281
Please like, share, comment and follow.
stay connected
If any query then contact:
chaudharypreeti1997@gmail.com
Thanking-You
Preeti Choudhary
Mossbauer spectroscopy
Mossbauer spectroscopy involves probing a nucleus using gamma rays and measuring the resulting absorption spectrum. Nuclei in solids do not recoil due to being bound in a lattice, allowing resonant absorption. The technique provides information about oxidation state, spin, symmetry and magnetic properties by measuring isomer shift, quadrupole splitting, and magnetic splitting. It consists of a gamma ray source that is Doppler shifted, a collimator, and detector.
2018 ELECTRON DIFFRACTION AND APPLICATIONS
Low energy electron diffraction (LEED) is a surface-sensitive technique used to determine the structure of crystalline surfaces. LEED works by firing low energy electrons (20-200 eV) at a sample surface and analyzing the diffraction pattern of elastically backscattered electrons on a fluorescent screen. The pattern provides information on the 2D periodic arrangement of atoms in the surface layer. LEED has advantages over x-ray diffraction for studying surfaces and thin films due to its surface sensitivity and ability to operate under vacuum conditions.
Leed
This document discusses low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), a technique used to determine the surface structure of single-crystalline materials. LEED works by bombarding a sample's surface with a low-energy electron beam and observing the diffraction pattern of scattered electrons on a fluorescent screen. The key components of a LEED system are an electron gun, sample holder, and detector. LEED provides structural information about a sample's surface and has the advantages of being relatively simple and highly surface sensitive, but requires an ultra-high vacuum environment and thin sample specimens.
Electron diffraction and Neutron diffraction
This document discusses electron diffraction and neutron diffraction techniques. Electron diffraction works by firing electrons at a crystal sample and observing the interference pattern of diffracted electrons. This allows determining atomic structure. Neutron diffraction also determines atomic structure by firing neutrons at samples and observing diffraction patterns. Key advantages of neutron diffraction are its ability to locate light atoms and detect isotopes via nuclear scattering, and reveal magnetic structure via magnetic scattering. Both techniques provide structural information at the atomic scale but neutron diffraction can analyze bulk properties and magnetic structures.
Neutron diffraction
Neutron diffraction is the application of neutron scattering to the determination of atomic/ magnetic structure of a material. The technique is similar to XRD but the different type of radiation gives complementary radiation. It is of different types and overcomes the demerit of XRD. It has a lot of applications such as structure determination, locating light atoms, magnetic properties study, study of atomic vibration and other excitations.
Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy
ESR Spectra- Principle-Hyperfine Splitting and structure- g-factor - Factors affecting g-value - Anisotropic system- Triplet state - Kramer's degeneracy - Zero Field Splitting
Mossbauer Spectroscopy
This document provides an overview of Mossbauer spectroscopy. It discusses the history and basic principles, including the Mossbauer effect which allows observation of nuclear resonance without recoil. Instrumentation is described along with common Mossbauer active elements like iron-57. Applications include identification of mineral compositions and studying iron-containing proteins and enzymes in bioinorganic chemistry.
Recommended
Mossbauer Spectroscopy
Mossbauer spectroscopy: history, Mossbauer effect, importance of resonance, nuclear excitation, Mossbauer spectra, quadrupole spectra, isomer shift, magnetic hyperfine splitting, Mossbauer active element, Mossbauer spectrometer, instrumentation, principle, strength & limitations, application.
https://www.linkedin.com/in/preeti-choudhary-266414182/
https://www.instagram.com/chaudharypreeti1997/
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100013419194533
https://twitter.com/preetic27018281
Please like, share, comment and follow.
stay connected
If any query then contact:
chaudharypreeti1997@gmail.com
Thanking-You
Preeti Choudhary
Mossbauer spectroscopy
Mossbauer spectroscopy involves probing a nucleus using gamma rays and measuring the resulting absorption spectrum. Nuclei in solids do not recoil due to being bound in a lattice, allowing resonant absorption. The technique provides information about oxidation state, spin, symmetry and magnetic properties by measuring isomer shift, quadrupole splitting, and magnetic splitting. It consists of a gamma ray source that is Doppler shifted, a collimator, and detector.
2018 ELECTRON DIFFRACTION AND APPLICATIONS
Low energy electron diffraction (LEED) is a surface-sensitive technique used to determine the structure of crystalline surfaces. LEED works by firing low energy electrons (20-200 eV) at a sample surface and analyzing the diffraction pattern of elastically backscattered electrons on a fluorescent screen. The pattern provides information on the 2D periodic arrangement of atoms in the surface layer. LEED has advantages over x-ray diffraction for studying surfaces and thin films due to its surface sensitivity and ability to operate under vacuum conditions.
Leed
This document discusses low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), a technique used to determine the surface structure of single-crystalline materials. LEED works by bombarding a sample's surface with a low-energy electron beam and observing the diffraction pattern of scattered electrons on a fluorescent screen. The key components of a LEED system are an electron gun, sample holder, and detector. LEED provides structural information about a sample's surface and has the advantages of being relatively simple and highly surface sensitive, but requires an ultra-high vacuum environment and thin sample specimens.
Electron diffraction and Neutron diffraction
This document discusses electron diffraction and neutron diffraction techniques. Electron diffraction works by firing electrons at a crystal sample and observing the interference pattern of diffracted electrons. This allows determining atomic structure. Neutron diffraction also determines atomic structure by firing neutrons at samples and observing diffraction patterns. Key advantages of neutron diffraction are its ability to locate light atoms and detect isotopes via nuclear scattering, and reveal magnetic structure via magnetic scattering. Both techniques provide structural information at the atomic scale but neutron diffraction can analyze bulk properties and magnetic structures.
Neutron diffraction
Neutron diffraction is the application of neutron scattering to the determination of atomic/ magnetic structure of a material. The technique is similar to XRD but the different type of radiation gives complementary radiation. It is of different types and overcomes the demerit of XRD. It has a lot of applications such as structure determination, locating light atoms, magnetic properties study, study of atomic vibration and other excitations.
Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy
ESR Spectra- Principle-Hyperfine Splitting and structure- g-factor - Factors affecting g-value - Anisotropic system- Triplet state - Kramer's degeneracy - Zero Field Splitting
Mossbauer Spectroscopy
This document provides an overview of Mossbauer spectroscopy. It discusses the history and basic principles, including the Mossbauer effect which allows observation of nuclear resonance without recoil. Instrumentation is described along with common Mossbauer active elements like iron-57. Applications include identification of mineral compositions and studying iron-containing proteins and enzymes in bioinorganic chemistry.
Intro Raman Scattering
This presentation was used to introduce Resonance Raman Scattering to physical chemistry graduate students
Mossbauer spectroscopy
Mossbauer spectroscopy involves the resonant absorption and emission of gamma rays between atomic nuclei bound in a solid material. It can provide information about the chemical and electronic environment of atomic nuclei. The document discusses the basic principles, instrumentation, and analysis of Mossbauer spectroscopy. Key applications include determining chemical shifts, quadrupole splitting, magnetic properties, and using these parameters to study chemical bonding, structure, and biochemical systems.
Electron spin resonance electron paramagnetic resonance
Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, also known as electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, is a technique used to study materials with unpaired electrons. It detects transitions between spin energy levels of unpaired electrons when exposed to microwave radiation under a static magnetic field. ESR is sensitive to electronic structure and can provide information about defects, impurities, and reactive intermediates. The technique is complementary to nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) but uses microwave radiation rather than radio waves and detects electron rather than nuclear spins.
neutron diffraction
This document discusses neutron diffraction and its applications. Neutron diffraction uses neutron scattering to determine the atomic and magnetic structure of materials. Neutrons can be scattered through both nuclear scattering via interaction with atomic nuclei, and magnetic scattering via interaction of the neutron's magnetic moment with the magnetic moments of atoms. This allows neutron diffraction to probe both atomic structure and magnetic ordering. Some key advantages of neutron diffraction are that neutrons are highly penetrating, non-destructive, and sensitive to light atoms. This technique is widely used to determine crystal and magnetic structures.
Magnetic properties
The document discusses the magnetic properties of materials. Magnetism arises from the spin and orbital angular momentum of electrons. Diamagnetic materials have paired electrons and are weakly repelled by magnetic fields. Paramagnetic materials have unpaired electrons and are weakly attracted to magnetic fields. Magnetic susceptibility measures a material's magnetization in a magnetic field, providing information about its electronic configuration and orbital energies based on paired vs unpaired electrons.
Neutron activation analysis
Neutron activation analysis is a nuclear analytical technique where samples are bombarded with neutrons, inducing radioactivity. It was discovered in 1936 and allows determination of elemental concentrations. The sample is irradiated, inducing radioisotopes that emit detectable gamma rays. It has high sensitivity and precision, requires small samples, and is nondestructive, but has detection limits and potential interferences from matrix effects.
mossbauer spectroscopy
Mossbauer spectroscopy involves the resonant absorption of gamma rays by atomic nuclei. It was first observed by Mossbauer in 1958, for which he received the Nobel Prize. The basic principles are that nuclei emitting gamma rays lose a small amount of energy to recoil, while absorbing nuclei must have slightly higher energy for resonance to occur. Doppler shift is used to scan the gamma ray energy through a range and bring the source and sample nuclei into resonance by accelerating the source. The technique provides information about oxidation states, spin states, and local environments of atoms in samples.
Electron energy loss spectroscopy slides
Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) provides structural and chemical information about a specimen using a transmission electron microscope. It works by analyzing the inelastic scattering of fast moving electrons into a thin sample. There are three main regions of an EELS spectrum: the zero-loss region from electrons losing no energy; the low-loss region from plasmon excitations and interband transitions; and the high-loss core-loss region used for microanalysis from inner shell electron ionization. EELS offers unique capabilities for advanced materials analysis with high spatial resolution.
Simple harmonic oscillator
This document discusses the simple harmonic oscillator. It defines a simple harmonic oscillator as an oscillator that is neither driven nor damped, with motion that is periodic and sinusoidal with constant amplitude. The acceleration of a body in simple harmonic motion is directly proportional to and directed towards the displacement from the equilibrium position. General equations for displacement, velocity, and acceleration as a function of time and other variables are provided. Quantum mechanical treatment of the simple harmonic oscillator is also summarized. Examples of simple harmonic oscillators include a mass on a spring and a simple pendulum in small angle approximation.
PPT PROJECT.pptx
Colour centres are point defects or defect clusters in crystal lattices that cause the material to change color. They occur when electrons or holes become trapped at defect sites. Common examples are the F-centre in alkali halides, which forms when an electron is trapped at a halide ion vacancy, and the H-centre and V-centre in alkali halides, which involve trapped holes. Defect clusters can also form through the interaction of multiple point defects, such as pairs or groups of F-centres. The defects cause color changes by absorbing visible light and exciting trapped electrons or holes to higher energy states.
.Electron diffraction for m.sc, student complete unit
This document discusses electron diffraction, including its principles and applications. Electron diffraction works by firing electrons at a sample and observing the scattering pattern, which can reveal information about the sample's structure. The key points covered are:
1. Electrons behave as waves and can diffract when passed through materials. Their wavelength depends on their energy.
2. Electron diffraction is used to determine bond lengths and angles in molecules by observing how the intensity of scattered electrons varies with angle.
3. Low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) analyzes surface structures by firing low-energy electrons at a sample's surface and observing the diffraction pattern.
4. LEED patterns reveal the two-dimensional arrangement of surface atoms
Ipes spectroscopy
This document provides an overview of inverse photoemission spectroscopy (IPES). It describes the working principles, experimental setup, and applications of IPES. IPES analyzes photons produced when low-energy electrons hit a solid sample to study unoccupied electronic states near the surface. The key components of an IPES setup include an electron gun, photon detector, and sample holder. IPES provides complementary information to ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and can be used to study materials, interfaces, and effects of temperature on unoccupied electronic states.
( EDAX)energy Dispersive xray spectroscopy
EDAX or energy dispersive x-ray analysis is a technique used to identify the elemental composition of a specimen. It works as part of a scanning electron microscope by using an electron beam that excites electrons in an atom, ejecting them and creating an x-ray. The x-rays are measured by an energy-dispersive spectrometer to determine the number and energy of the x-rays emitted from the specimen. The EDAX instrument consists of an electron beam source, x-ray detector, analyzer, and pulse processor which work together to collect and analyze the x-rays for elemental analysis of materials. EDAX has applications in fields like medicine, industry, agriculture, and more.
Raman spectroscopy
This document provides an overview of Raman spectroscopy. It discusses Raman scattering, which is the inelastic scattering of monochromatic light, usually from a laser, by molecules or atoms excited to higher vibrational or rotational energy levels. There are two types of Raman scattering: Stokes Raman scattering where the material absorbs energy and anti-Stokes Raman scattering where the material loses energy. Raman spectroscopy can be used to identify molecules and provide information about chemical bonds and molecular symmetry. It has various applications including medical use, detection of explosives, and investigation of historical documents.
electron diffraction sumeet
Electron diffraction uses the wave properties of electrons to study matter. Electrons are fired at a sample and the resulting interference pattern is observed. This technique allows for the study of smaller samples compared to x-ray crystallography because electrons are scattered more efficiently. The intensity of scattered electrons is measured at different angles, with constructive interference appearing as intensity maxima at certain angles, providing information about the sample structure.
Mössbauer spectroscopy ppt
Mössbauer spectroscopy involves the interaction of gamma rays with atoms and molecules. It provides information about the chemical environment and oxidation states of atoms based on how they absorb gamma rays. For the Mössbauer effect to occur, the emitting and absorbing atoms must be embedded in a solid crystal lattice to minimize recoil effects. This allows the resonant absorption of gamma rays. Analysis of parameters like isomer shift, electric quadrupole interactions, and magnetic interactions in the Mossbauer spectrum provide details about the chemical environment and oxidation state of atoms in a sample.
ELECTRON ENERGY LOSE SPECTROSCOPY (EELS)
The most versatile technique which involves analysis of the energy distribution of the in-elastically scattered electrons in the transmitted beam
Photoelectron spectroscopy
Photoelectron spectroscopy
- a single photon in/ electron out process
• X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)
- using soft x-ray (200-2000 eV) radiation to
examine core-levels.
• Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy (UPS)
- using vacuum UV (10-45 eV) radiation to
examine valence levels.
Lecture 04; spectral lines and broadening by Dr. Salma Amir
This lecture discusses spectral lines and broadening. A spectral line results from the absorption or emission of light at a narrow frequency range, which can be used to identify atoms and molecules. Spectral lines experience natural broadening due to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Doppler broadening occurs due to the random motion of atoms and increases with temperature. Pressure or Lorentz broadening results from atomic collisions and increases with pressure and temperature. External magnetic or electric fields can also cause Zeeman or Stark broadening through the splitting of spectral lines.
Intrinsic and extrinsic defects
This document summarizes different types of defects in solids, including intrinsic and extrinsic defects. It discusses point defects like vacancies and impurities, as well as line defects. Intrinsic defects such as Schottky and Frenkel defects are thermally created and do not depend on impurity concentrations. Extrinsic defects can be introduced intentionally through doping with aliovalent ions, which preserves electroneutrality but creates vacancies. Examples given include adding CaCl2 to KCl to replace two K+ ions with one Ca2+ ion, creating a cation vacancy. Overall, the document provides an overview of different defect types in solids and how intrinsic defects differ from extrinsic defects introduced through doping.
Gilman Reagent
Gilman reagent, also known as organocopper reagents, are prepared by reacting organomagnesium, organolithium, or organozinc reagents with copper(I) salts. Gilman reagents react with a variety of electrophiles including acid chlorides, aldehydes, ketones, epoxides, and alkyl halides. Some common reactions of Gilman reagents are: 1) reactions with acid chlorides to form ketones, 2) coupling reactions between two different alkyl halides to form C-C bonds, and 3) conjugate addition reactions of the organocopper reagent to unsaturated carbonyl compounds like enones. Gilman reagents offer advantages over Grignard reagents for
More Related Content
What's hot
Intro Raman Scattering
This presentation was used to introduce Resonance Raman Scattering to physical chemistry graduate students
Mossbauer spectroscopy
Mossbauer spectroscopy involves the resonant absorption and emission of gamma rays between atomic nuclei bound in a solid material. It can provide information about the chemical and electronic environment of atomic nuclei. The document discusses the basic principles, instrumentation, and analysis of Mossbauer spectroscopy. Key applications include determining chemical shifts, quadrupole splitting, magnetic properties, and using these parameters to study chemical bonding, structure, and biochemical systems.
Electron spin resonance electron paramagnetic resonance
Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, also known as electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, is a technique used to study materials with unpaired electrons. It detects transitions between spin energy levels of unpaired electrons when exposed to microwave radiation under a static magnetic field. ESR is sensitive to electronic structure and can provide information about defects, impurities, and reactive intermediates. The technique is complementary to nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) but uses microwave radiation rather than radio waves and detects electron rather than nuclear spins.
neutron diffraction
This document discusses neutron diffraction and its applications. Neutron diffraction uses neutron scattering to determine the atomic and magnetic structure of materials. Neutrons can be scattered through both nuclear scattering via interaction with atomic nuclei, and magnetic scattering via interaction of the neutron's magnetic moment with the magnetic moments of atoms. This allows neutron diffraction to probe both atomic structure and magnetic ordering. Some key advantages of neutron diffraction are that neutrons are highly penetrating, non-destructive, and sensitive to light atoms. This technique is widely used to determine crystal and magnetic structures.
Magnetic properties
The document discusses the magnetic properties of materials. Magnetism arises from the spin and orbital angular momentum of electrons. Diamagnetic materials have paired electrons and are weakly repelled by magnetic fields. Paramagnetic materials have unpaired electrons and are weakly attracted to magnetic fields. Magnetic susceptibility measures a material's magnetization in a magnetic field, providing information about its electronic configuration and orbital energies based on paired vs unpaired electrons.
Neutron activation analysis
Neutron activation analysis is a nuclear analytical technique where samples are bombarded with neutrons, inducing radioactivity. It was discovered in 1936 and allows determination of elemental concentrations. The sample is irradiated, inducing radioisotopes that emit detectable gamma rays. It has high sensitivity and precision, requires small samples, and is nondestructive, but has detection limits and potential interferences from matrix effects.
mossbauer spectroscopy
Mossbauer spectroscopy involves the resonant absorption of gamma rays by atomic nuclei. It was first observed by Mossbauer in 1958, for which he received the Nobel Prize. The basic principles are that nuclei emitting gamma rays lose a small amount of energy to recoil, while absorbing nuclei must have slightly higher energy for resonance to occur. Doppler shift is used to scan the gamma ray energy through a range and bring the source and sample nuclei into resonance by accelerating the source. The technique provides information about oxidation states, spin states, and local environments of atoms in samples.
Electron energy loss spectroscopy slides
Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) provides structural and chemical information about a specimen using a transmission electron microscope. It works by analyzing the inelastic scattering of fast moving electrons into a thin sample. There are three main regions of an EELS spectrum: the zero-loss region from electrons losing no energy; the low-loss region from plasmon excitations and interband transitions; and the high-loss core-loss region used for microanalysis from inner shell electron ionization. EELS offers unique capabilities for advanced materials analysis with high spatial resolution.
Simple harmonic oscillator
This document discusses the simple harmonic oscillator. It defines a simple harmonic oscillator as an oscillator that is neither driven nor damped, with motion that is periodic and sinusoidal with constant amplitude. The acceleration of a body in simple harmonic motion is directly proportional to and directed towards the displacement from the equilibrium position. General equations for displacement, velocity, and acceleration as a function of time and other variables are provided. Quantum mechanical treatment of the simple harmonic oscillator is also summarized. Examples of simple harmonic oscillators include a mass on a spring and a simple pendulum in small angle approximation.
PPT PROJECT.pptx
Colour centres are point defects or defect clusters in crystal lattices that cause the material to change color. They occur when electrons or holes become trapped at defect sites. Common examples are the F-centre in alkali halides, which forms when an electron is trapped at a halide ion vacancy, and the H-centre and V-centre in alkali halides, which involve trapped holes. Defect clusters can also form through the interaction of multiple point defects, such as pairs or groups of F-centres. The defects cause color changes by absorbing visible light and exciting trapped electrons or holes to higher energy states.
.Electron diffraction for m.sc, student complete unit
This document discusses electron diffraction, including its principles and applications. Electron diffraction works by firing electrons at a sample and observing the scattering pattern, which can reveal information about the sample's structure. The key points covered are:
1. Electrons behave as waves and can diffract when passed through materials. Their wavelength depends on their energy.
2. Electron diffraction is used to determine bond lengths and angles in molecules by observing how the intensity of scattered electrons varies with angle.
3. Low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) analyzes surface structures by firing low-energy electrons at a sample's surface and observing the diffraction pattern.
4. LEED patterns reveal the two-dimensional arrangement of surface atoms
Ipes spectroscopy
This document provides an overview of inverse photoemission spectroscopy (IPES). It describes the working principles, experimental setup, and applications of IPES. IPES analyzes photons produced when low-energy electrons hit a solid sample to study unoccupied electronic states near the surface. The key components of an IPES setup include an electron gun, photon detector, and sample holder. IPES provides complementary information to ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and can be used to study materials, interfaces, and effects of temperature on unoccupied electronic states.
( EDAX)energy Dispersive xray spectroscopy
EDAX or energy dispersive x-ray analysis is a technique used to identify the elemental composition of a specimen. It works as part of a scanning electron microscope by using an electron beam that excites electrons in an atom, ejecting them and creating an x-ray. The x-rays are measured by an energy-dispersive spectrometer to determine the number and energy of the x-rays emitted from the specimen. The EDAX instrument consists of an electron beam source, x-ray detector, analyzer, and pulse processor which work together to collect and analyze the x-rays for elemental analysis of materials. EDAX has applications in fields like medicine, industry, agriculture, and more.
Raman spectroscopy
This document provides an overview of Raman spectroscopy. It discusses Raman scattering, which is the inelastic scattering of monochromatic light, usually from a laser, by molecules or atoms excited to higher vibrational or rotational energy levels. There are two types of Raman scattering: Stokes Raman scattering where the material absorbs energy and anti-Stokes Raman scattering where the material loses energy. Raman spectroscopy can be used to identify molecules and provide information about chemical bonds and molecular symmetry. It has various applications including medical use, detection of explosives, and investigation of historical documents.
electron diffraction sumeet
Electron diffraction uses the wave properties of electrons to study matter. Electrons are fired at a sample and the resulting interference pattern is observed. This technique allows for the study of smaller samples compared to x-ray crystallography because electrons are scattered more efficiently. The intensity of scattered electrons is measured at different angles, with constructive interference appearing as intensity maxima at certain angles, providing information about the sample structure.
Mössbauer spectroscopy ppt
Mössbauer spectroscopy involves the interaction of gamma rays with atoms and molecules. It provides information about the chemical environment and oxidation states of atoms based on how they absorb gamma rays. For the Mössbauer effect to occur, the emitting and absorbing atoms must be embedded in a solid crystal lattice to minimize recoil effects. This allows the resonant absorption of gamma rays. Analysis of parameters like isomer shift, electric quadrupole interactions, and magnetic interactions in the Mossbauer spectrum provide details about the chemical environment and oxidation state of atoms in a sample.
ELECTRON ENERGY LOSE SPECTROSCOPY (EELS)
The most versatile technique which involves analysis of the energy distribution of the in-elastically scattered electrons in the transmitted beam
Photoelectron spectroscopy
Photoelectron spectroscopy
- a single photon in/ electron out process
• X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)
- using soft x-ray (200-2000 eV) radiation to
examine core-levels.
• Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy (UPS)
- using vacuum UV (10-45 eV) radiation to
examine valence levels.
Lecture 04; spectral lines and broadening by Dr. Salma Amir
This lecture discusses spectral lines and broadening. A spectral line results from the absorption or emission of light at a narrow frequency range, which can be used to identify atoms and molecules. Spectral lines experience natural broadening due to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Doppler broadening occurs due to the random motion of atoms and increases with temperature. Pressure or Lorentz broadening results from atomic collisions and increases with pressure and temperature. External magnetic or electric fields can also cause Zeeman or Stark broadening through the splitting of spectral lines.
What's hot (20)
Electron spin resonance electron paramagnetic resonance
Electron spin resonance electron paramagnetic resonance
.Electron diffraction for m.sc, student complete unit
.Electron diffraction for m.sc, student complete unit
Lecture 04; spectral lines and broadening by Dr. Salma Amir
Lecture 04; spectral lines and broadening by Dr. Salma Amir
More from Manish Kuthyal
Intrinsic and extrinsic defects
This document summarizes different types of defects in solids, including intrinsic and extrinsic defects. It discusses point defects like vacancies and impurities, as well as line defects. Intrinsic defects such as Schottky and Frenkel defects are thermally created and do not depend on impurity concentrations. Extrinsic defects can be introduced intentionally through doping with aliovalent ions, which preserves electroneutrality but creates vacancies. Examples given include adding CaCl2 to KCl to replace two K+ ions with one Ca2+ ion, creating a cation vacancy. Overall, the document provides an overview of different defect types in solids and how intrinsic defects differ from extrinsic defects introduced through doping.
Gilman Reagent
Gilman reagent, also known as organocopper reagents, are prepared by reacting organomagnesium, organolithium, or organozinc reagents with copper(I) salts. Gilman reagents react with a variety of electrophiles including acid chlorides, aldehydes, ketones, epoxides, and alkyl halides. Some common reactions of Gilman reagents are: 1) reactions with acid chlorides to form ketones, 2) coupling reactions between two different alkyl halides to form C-C bonds, and 3) conjugate addition reactions of the organocopper reagent to unsaturated carbonyl compounds like enones. Gilman reagents offer advantages over Grignard reagents for
Tpp (coenzyme chemistry)
Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) is an important coenzyme that maintains normal heart and energy metabolism functions. TPP works as a coenzyme in several enzymatic reactions including pyruvate decarboxylase, transketolase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, and alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. As a cofactor for pyruvate decarboxylase, TPP facilitates the decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetaldehyde. For transketolase, TPP transfers a two-carbon unit from xylulose 5-phosphate to ribose 5-phosphate, yielding sedoheptulose 7-phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. The mechanisms of these reactions
Muscles Contraction
This document discusses muscular contraction and energy generation in mechanochemical systems. It explains that muscle contraction occurs via the sliding filament model, where thick and thin filaments containing the proteins actin and myosin slide past one another, shortening the muscle fibers. ATP hydrolysis by the myosin ATPase provides the energy for this process. Calcium ions play a key role in regulating contraction by initiating the interaction of actin and myosin. Phosphagens like creatine phosphate help replenish ATP levels and allow sustained muscle contraction.
Hydrolysis of ATP
1. ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is composed of adenine, ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups and serves as the universal carrier of chemical energy in cells.
2. Hydrolysis of ATP releases one phosphate group, forming ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and inorganic phosphate (Pi), which is a highly exergonic reaction with a large negative free energy change.
3. The free energy change is so large because hydrolysis relieves electrostatic repulsion between ATP's phosphate groups and the products ADP and Pi are more stable species than ATP.
Acid rain ...
Acid rain is the topic of a presentation given by Anmol, a third semester M.Sc Chemistry student with roll number 4853, to Dr. Girish K. Sharma for the practical paper CH-517 on February 2nd, 2021. The presentation thanked Dr. Sharma.
Biogeochemical cycle of sulfur
This document provides an overview of the biogeochemical cycle of sulfur. It begins with introducing biogeochemical cycles and their key components - the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere. It then discusses sulfur, describing it as the 10th most abundant element, normally stored underground or in ocean deposits. The sulfur cycle is introduced as the collection of processes by which sulfur moves between minerals, waterways and living systems. It plays an important role in industrial processes and biology, being found in proteins, amino acids and enzymes needed for life. The cycle has both positive effects like uses in manufacturing and agriculture, but also negative effects like producing acid rain that damages soils, waterways and ecosystems.
Diazines
This document summarizes information about diazines, including their structure, types, and reactions. It discusses the preparation and reactions of pyridazine, pyrimidine, and pyrazine. Key points include:
- Diazines have the formula C4H4N2 and contain a benzene ring with two carbon-hydrogen fragments replaced by nitrogen.
- Types include pyridazine, pyrimidines, and pyrazines. Nucleophilic attack is easier than electrophilic attack due to the nitrogen atoms.
- Pyridazine can be prepared from maleic acid, 1,4-diketones, and tetrazines. It undergoes electrophilic
WACKER PROCESS
The document describes a Wacker process that uses propene as a reactant. It was presented by Manish Kumar, a student in the M.Sc. Chemistry program, to Dr. Rajesh Kumar for a practical chemistry course. The student thanked Dr. Kumar for reviewing the presented information on the Wacker process.
More from Manish Kuthyal (9)
Recently uploaded
ANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS OF HIP JOINT.pdf
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docx
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
clinical examination of hip joint (1).pdf
described clinical examination all orthopeadic conditions .
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)Academy of Science of South Africa
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.Wound healing PPT
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar KanvariaHow to deliver Powerpoint Presentations.pptx
"How to make and deliver dynamic presentations by making it more interactive to captivate your audience attention"
PCOS corelations and management through Ayurveda.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
BBR 2024 Summer Sessions Interview Training
Qualitative research interview training by Professor Katrina Pritchard and Dr Helen Williams
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP Module
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
Physical pharmaceutics notes for B.pharm students
Recently uploaded (20)
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
Mossbaur spectroscopy...
- 1. Presented to.. Prof. Kamal Kishore Presented by... Anmol M.Sc. Chemistry (3rd sem) Roll no.4853 Session 2020-2021 Practical paper code -516 Date..Feb 5 ,2021
- 11. THANK YOU