The document discusses the types and purposes of tourism in Pakistan, including recreation, research, and gaining knowledge and information. It outlines three main categories of tourism sites - archaeological sites, historical buildings, and health/recreation resorts. Examples of popular hill stations and resorts in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab provinces are provided that are located between 6000-8000 feet above sea level and offer recreation opportunities. Key historical cities like Peshawar, Taxila, and Lahore are also mentioned that contain important cultural and architectural sites.

1. By: Saif Khalid khan Kakar
Lecturer (Civics/Pol. Sci)
Pakistan Education Center

3. 1. Tourism serves three main purposes:
a. Research and Fact finding
b. Attainment of Knowledge and information
c. Recreation
2. Tourism sites in Pakistan can be divided into three main categories:
i. Archeological sites.
ii. Historical buildings
iii. Health and recreation resorts
3. Pakistan is located in a sub-tropical climate which has blessed Pakistan
with countless health resorts and evergreen forests. Locations like
Murree, Ayubia, Khanaspur, Nathiagali, Kaghan, swat, Saidu Sharif,
Kalam, Malam Jabba and Mian Dam…….etc are a source of
recreation and tranquility.
4. Most of the hill resorts of KPK & Punjab are located at a height of
6000-8000 feet above sea level.
5. Pakistan is located at a juncture between east and west. Khyber pass
has served as a gate way for traders, conquers, preachers and scholars
for thousands of years. Invaders like Aryans, Scythians, Parathions,
Greeks, Bactrian's, Kushans, Huns, Turks, Mongols and Mughal all
entered Sub-Continent from here.

4. SAIDU SHARIF MALAM JABBA

5. 6. Peshawar is considered one of the oldest cities in the world and
contains a number of Historic building like Balahisar Fort, Islamia
college, Edwards college and markets that offer a variety of unique
products like glass work, brass utensils, copper utensils, scandals,
waistcoats and jewellery. Food streets like namak mandi offer a rich
variety of cuisine like Chapli kebab, Lamb Karahi, mutton/ beef
tikka……etc.
7. Another Historical site is Taxila which has said to be have visited by
Alexander the great and is located at a distance of 16 Km from the
Federal capital Islamabad. Taxila was also an important learning
center of the Buddhist civilization of Gandhara.
8. Sakesar and Kalar Kahar are also important hill resorts of Punjab.
9. Karachi city located in Sindh is also a famous tourist destination
during winter season due to its moderate climate and has attractions
like Clifton, Hawks Bay and the Island of Manora.
10. Pakistan possesses the 2nd Highest Peak of the world (K-2 8611 m)
and Karakaram possess above 40 glaciers the longest and important
being (Siachen) 46.6 miles, Batura 34 miles and Baltoro
32.5…..others

6. NAMAK MANDI BALAHISAR FORT

7. 11. The city of Lahore is an important seat of learning, shopping,
historical sites, recreation, leisure …..etc. Sheikh Ahmed
Sirhindi called it the Qutab of city.
12. Pakistan has the oldest human settlement like Harappa and
Mohenjo-Daro. These archeological sites are a source of
learning and understanding the human past.
13. Punjab, Sindh, Federal capital and KPK have a number of top
ranking universities, Engineering and medical colleges that are
a source of spreading knowledge and understanding. Students
from all across the global come to study here. Prominent
universities include Islamic international University (IIUI),
National University of science and technology (NUST),
National University of Modern Languages (NUML), Punjab
University, Islamia College university, Ayub Medical institute,
Bahaud Zakiria University, National Defence
University……..etc

8.  a diagrammatic representation of an area of land or sea
showing physical features, cities, roads, etc.
 Types:
Political Maps: They show the geographic boundaries
between governmental units such as countries, states, and
counties. They show roads, cities….etc
Physical Maps: Physical maps are designed to show the
natural landscape features of Earth. They are best known for
showing topography, either by colors or as shaded relief.
Topographic Maps: Topographic maps are reference maps
that show the shape of Earth’s surface. They usually do this
with lines of equal elevation known as “contour lines”

9. POLITICAL MAP PHYSICAL MAP

10.  Maps are generally comprised of Vertical (Longitude) and Horizontal
(Latitude) lines.
 These Vertical and horizontal lines form grids on a map where they
meet.
 Types of Degree Latitude:
A. Equator: located on 0 degree latitude passes through the center of
Earth.
B. Tropics: located on 23.5 degree latitude above and below the
equator.
c. Frigid Zone: located on 55 degree latitude above and below the
Equator.
 Types of Degree Longitude:
A. Prime Meridian: located at 0 degree Longitude. Passes through
Green wick London (U.K).
B. International date line: located at 180 degree longitude.
 If you cross from west to east you will go one day ahead.
 Symbols like E,W on longitude and N,S on latitude represent the
hemisphere of the globe.
 There are a total of 180 degree latitude and 360 degrees longitude