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1. REPORT
Heritage Tourism – A Study on
Capitol Complex, Chandigarh
By: - Ashish Gupta
B.Sc. HHA
6th Semester

2. INDEX
1. Acknowledgement
2. History
3. Introduction
4. Research methodology
5. Objectives
6. Conclusion

3. Acknowledgement
I am extremely thankful to Dr. Prashant Gautam, the
Director of University Institute of Hotel & Tourism
Management (UIHTM) for giving me a golden
opportunity to my education.
I would like to express my profound gratitude to my
teacher Mr. Jaswinder Sharma, who gave me a chance
to do this wonderful project of heritage tourism on
“Capitol Complex”. He even helped me in completing
my project and I came to know of some new things.
Secondly, I am thankful to my parents and friends who
helped me a lot in finalizing this project within the
limited time frame.

4. History
Charles Edouard Jeanneret now popularly known as Le
Corbusier.
Born on 6th of october’ 1887 at La Chaux De Fonds in
Swissjura Mountains 4 kms from French border
He started working under contracter perret, Le
Corbusier’s so called master. He as a child prepared
himself for a manual occupation. He left his school at
the age of 13½ yrs joined an art school.
Later the National Trust for Historic Preservation
defines Heritage Tourism as “traveling to experience the
places, artifacts, and activities that authentically
represent the stories and people of the past and
present.” Cultural, Historic, and natural resources all
make up Heritage Tourism sites.
In the beginning of his career in architecture, his
work encountered some skepticism as it was found
somehow revolutionary in its nature and subversive
in its look, nevertheless Le Corbusier designs gained
a vast professional recognition, and today are

5. regarded as some of the most vali innovative concepts
of the period between 1900 and 2000.
Chandigarh Capitol Complex, located in the Sector-1 of
Chandigarh city in India, is a government compound
designed by the architect Le Corbusier and is a
UNESCO World Heritage site. It is spread over an area
of around 100 acres and is a prime manifestation of
Chandigarh's architecture. It comprises three
buildings, three monuments and a lake, including the
palace of assembly or legislative assembly, secretariat,
high court, open hand monument, geometric hill and
tower of shadows.

6. Introduction
•!• In the city layout, the Capitol has the prime
location on the North-Western tip, somewhat aloof
and detached from the remaining grid-iron, mesh of
self-sufficient neighborhood units called Sectors.
•!• Corbusier explained this deliberate remoteness
as an act of emphasising the 'sacred zone' of the city
where the pillars of democracy functioned, beyond
the mundane activities of the city.
•!• Inspired by the Greek acropolis, he placed the
Capitol, too, on a lofty plane in harmony with the
elements of nature and cosmos. The visual distance
was not an act of defining symbolism and coherence
of forms.
•!• "The Capitol was placed at the top of the town
so as to take good advantage of the hills and the
agricultural life, this millennial activity touching
the Capitol, but connecting modern times to the
magisterial bucolic symphony," explained
Corbusier.
•!• The Capitol comprising of the four key buildings:
secretariat, assembly, high court- -and the inbuilt
governor's palace ( later substituted by the museum
of knowledge, also inbuilt) is embellished with a
large number of 'monuments' like the open hand,
martyr's memorial, geometric hill, tower of shadows.

7. THE HIGH COURT
The law-interpreting monument was built in the Capitol
Complex during 1951-57. This structure has a double
roof, projecting over the office block like a parasol or an
inverted umbrella. The magnificent outward sweep of
the upper roof is symbolic of protection and justice to
the people. The three vertical piers, rising 60 feet from
the floor and painted in bright colours form the grand
entrance to the building. A gigantic egg-crate screen
covers the building façade. On the rear walls of the
court rooms, hand the giant woolen tapestries designed
by Le Corbusier.

8. THE SECRETARIAT
The law-executing monument is the largest and tallest
of the three edifices in the Capitol Complex. Built during
1953-59, it is shaped like an eight-storeyed concrete
slab, with its distinctive brise-soleil-louvered screen of
deeply sculptured two-storey porticos in the centre,
housing the offices of ministers. The cafeteria rests stop
the terrace is like an art object, giving a spectacular view
of the city.

9. THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY
The profile of this law-forming monument epitomizes
stately grandeur. Square in plan, with a monumental
portico standing free from the main building, it faces the
high court. The shape of the cupola is an obliquely
truncated hyperbolic parabolic, extending well above
the roof line. A pyramid covers the upper chamber of
the erstwhile bicameral system and offers an exciting
counterpoint to the cupola, lending artistic grace to the
entire Complex.

10. THE OPEN HAND MONUMENT
One of the most significant monuments planned by Le
Corbusier in Chandigarh is the open hand. The
monument is a place to visit in Chandigarh. Rising 85
feet high from a sunken trench, a giant hand in metal
sheets is designed to rotate "like a weather cock, not to
show the incertitude of ideas, but to indicate
symbolically the direction of wind (that is the state of
affairs)." it is also meant to convey a message of peace
"open to receive." amongst the other monumental places
to visit in Chandigarh are the Tower of Shadows,
Geometric Hill, and Martyr's Memorial.

11. TOWER OF SHADOWS MONUMENT
• This monument was built to test the sunbreakers
before implying the idea on the building.
• Experiment for sun shading.
• The entrance of the monument is facing towards
the north.
• Exposed concrete.

12. GEOMETRIC HILLS MONUMENT
• This monument was built to screen the buildings
inside the Capital Complex from the outside of the
Complex
• Concept is contrast.
• It is screened to maintain the visual prestige of the
buildings in the Complex
• It has a depiction is a “Swastika” and an “Ashoka
Chakra”
• Exposed concrete tiles.
• Constructed with the building waste during
construction.
The Ashoka
Chakra
The Swastika

13. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A study by the travel industry association in 2003
shows that heritage travelers stay longer at their
destinations and spend more money there than other
types of travelers.
A more recent state of the american traveler survey done
in 2008 states that over 70% of travelers visited one or
more of the following heritage attractions: historic
attraction; state, local, or national park; an art gallery
or museum; concert, play, or musical; or an ethnic or
ecological heritage site.
Travelers say that trips are more memorable if they
include a heritage activity where they learn something.
Many visitors said they extended their stay because of
a heritage activity.
The majority of these travelers stay over night at local
hotels, motels, bed and breakfasts, or campgrounds.
Heritage travelers also tend to put more money back
into the community spending more than other types of
travelers per trip.
One of the principle objectives of heritage tourism is
collaboration with local organizations and the public to
develop sustainable economies. Tourism creates jobs,
new business opportunities, and strengthens local
economies. It protects natural and cultural resources,
which improve the quality of life for residents and
travelers who participate in the services and attractions.
Heritage tourism also promotes community pride by
allowing people to work together to enhance economic

14. and cultural development through distinct community
opportunities.
Studies show that travelers are more apt to visit places
with a strong community identity.
However, this influx of visitors and the infrastructure
needed to support them can put a major strain on the
very resources that attract the visitors in the first place.
It is imperative to protect those heritage resources while
drawing attention to them.
The keys to a successful heritage program are five
principles developed by the national trust. 1)
collaborate, 2) find the fit between a community and
tourism, 3) make sites and programs come alive, 4)
focus on quality and authenticity, and 5) preserve and
protect resources.

15. OBJECTIVES OF HERITAGE TOURISM
To discuss the need to preserve our Heritage
To explain the types of Heritage
Understanding the significance and importance of
Heritage
Contribution of Heritage Tourism in India
Role of Govt. bodies in Conservation of Heritage in
India.
(i) we can teach our own children to practice the
traditions and beliefs of our ancestors and tell them
to continue to pass it on to future generations. Teach
them to be proud of their roots especially if they know
very few other children of the same heritage.
(ii) we can also donate to or participate in
associations that fund workshops and museums that
help to educate others about our heritage. These
organizations will be around for many years to come
and are probably one of the best ways to educate
others about the history of our ancestors.

16. MARTYRS’ MEMORIAL
The Martyrs' Memorial is sited on the side of the
esplanade between the Assembly Hall and the High
court, defining an axial entrance to the Museum of
Knowledge and the monument to the twenty Four
Solar Hours on the opposite side.
This is a memorial of the martyrs of Punjab partition
and consists of a square enclosure with one side
elongated into a ramp by which one mounts the
enclosing wall, Within the enclosure are to be
symbolic figures of a prone man, a snake, and a lion
set amid ruins, The concrete ramp permits one to see,
from above, the Capitol in its entirety and creates a
promenade -rising and descending.

17. CONCLUSION
Heritage Tourism plays a very important role in our life.
It is what keeps us attatched to our religion,traditions,&
beliefs. It today’s context we refer to cultural identity
which means (feeling of) identity of a group or culture,
or of an individual as far as he or she is influenced by
his belonging to a group or culture.
It is necessary to improve awareness of Heritage
Tourism and the ethics of its care in study curriculaum
and to identify tools that can be developed to help
communities to better understand and conserve their
heritage. Heritage Education needs to be developed in
schools and through informal education.
The best way to preserve our heritage, whatever it may
be, is to share it with others. It is our responsibility to
keep world history intact for the coming generation so
that they may have the same opportunities to learn
about the past and their own roots as we have.