This document describes topology optimization work carried out to reduce the weight of a student car's front steering knuckle. The researchers performed CAD modeling and finite element analysis of the original knuckle design. They then applied topology optimization techniques in ANSYS Discovery to iteratively reduce the knuckle's weight without exceeding stress or deformation limits. This resulted in a weight reduction of up to 8% (344.2 grams) from the original 4,302.51 gram design, with the optimized knuckle weighing 3,958.31 grams while still meeting all structural requirements under simulated loading conditions. The researchers concluded that topology optimization is an effective method for designing lightweight parts like steering knuckles without compromising performance.
IRJET- Review of Optimization Aspects for Weight ReductionIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a review paper on optimization methods for weight reduction. It discusses how topology optimization and composite optimization are two important processes used for weight optimization. Topology optimization uses finite element analysis and other simulation methods to optimize the layout of material within a design space to reduce weight. Composite optimization focuses on optimizing composite materials to reduce weight. The review discusses various studies that have applied topology optimization techniques to automotive, aircraft, and mechanical component designs to reduce weight and improve performance. It also outlines some challenges with optimization methods and how computational tools are helping to optimize designs.
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Design Modification for Weight Reduction and Structural Analysis of Automotiv...IRJET Journal
This document describes a structural analysis of an Eicher 11.10 automotive chassis frame to optimize its design for weight reduction. The researchers modeled the original 'C' section chassis frame in PRO-E software and performed finite element analysis in ANSYS. The analysis calculated stresses and deformations under an 8-ton load to identify areas for strengthening or lightening. The goal was to design a chassis frame that could withstand loads for 30,000 running hours while reducing weight.
Consequence of Reinforced Concrete Slab Subjected to Blast LoadIRJET Journal
This document describes a structural analysis of an Eicher 11.10 automotive chassis frame to optimize its design for weight reduction. The researchers modeled the original 'C' section chassis frame in PRO-E software and performed finite element analysis in ANSYS. The analysis calculated stresses and deformations under an 8-ton load to identify areas for strengthening or lightening. The goal was to design a chassis frame that can withstand loads for 30,000 running hours while reducing weight.
IRJET- Planning and Enhancement of Guiding UprightsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes the planning and enhancement of guiding uprights for an all-terrain vehicle. The authors designed and tested a wheel center using finite element analysis to reduce costs through material and manufacturing optimization. They compared various designs and materials and selected an optimal combination. The proposed center used EN8 mild steel. Finite element analysis was also used to develop new functional designs for the enhanced wheel center to reduce weight without compromising strength requirements.
IRJET- Finite Element Analysis of Passenger Vehicle BumperIRJET Journal
This document presents a finite element analysis of passenger vehicle bumpers to improve safety performance. The study models and simulates bumpers in LS-DYNA software to analyze deformation, impact force, stress distribution, and energy absorption using different materials and designs. Results show that modifying the bumper thickness from 3mm to 5mm significantly reduces maximum strain from 50% to 15% and decreases maximum deformation from 476mm to 423mm, improving the bumper's ability to absorb impact energy.
IRJET- Finite Element Analysis of Fuel Tank Mounting BracketIRJET Journal
1) The document describes a finite element analysis of a fuel tank mounting bracket for commercial vehicles. The goal is to optimize the design to reduce costs.
2) A baseline model of the bracket was created using Pro-E software and analyzed using Hypermesh and Optistruct. The maximum displacement was 2.7mm and stress was 20MPa.
3) A modified design with stiffeners was also analyzed. This design showed maximum displacement of 2.74mm and stress of 19.5MPa, with a 26% reduction in weight while maintaining sufficient strength over the baseline design.
The document discusses the development of a composite accelerator pedal for automobiles to reduce weight. It begins with an introduction to composite materials and their properties that make them suitable for interior automotive components. It then discusses the development process using concurrent engineering approaches including design concept generation, material selection, and analysis. The literature review covers past research on using composites for other automotive applications like bumpers and leaf springs. The aim of the project is to use different design concepts and materials for the accelerator pedal and select the best one based on finite element analysis of factors like stress, displacement, and weight.
IRJET- Review of Optimization Aspects for Weight ReductionIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a review paper on optimization methods for weight reduction. It discusses how topology optimization and composite optimization are two important processes used for weight optimization. Topology optimization uses finite element analysis and other simulation methods to optimize the layout of material within a design space to reduce weight. Composite optimization focuses on optimizing composite materials to reduce weight. The review discusses various studies that have applied topology optimization techniques to automotive, aircraft, and mechanical component designs to reduce weight and improve performance. It also outlines some challenges with optimization methods and how computational tools are helping to optimize designs.
REVIEW OF OPTIMIZE AND DESIGN OF GEARBOX WITH MINIMUM WEIGHTIRJET Journal
The document reviews optimization and design of gearboxes with minimum weight. It discusses several past research papers on modeling, analyzing, and optimizing gearbox components like casings and foot casings using techniques like finite element analysis and topology optimization. The goal is often to reduce weight and material usage while ensuring adequate strength, natural frequencies that avoid resonance, and other performance requirements. Topics covered include static, modal, and vibration analysis of gearbox parts, comparing simulation and experimental results, and using multi-step optimization approaches to improve durability and reduce development time and costs.
Design Modification for Weight Reduction and Structural Analysis of Automotiv...IRJET Journal
This document describes a structural analysis of an Eicher 11.10 automotive chassis frame to optimize its design for weight reduction. The researchers modeled the original 'C' section chassis frame in PRO-E software and performed finite element analysis in ANSYS. The analysis calculated stresses and deformations under an 8-ton load to identify areas for strengthening or lightening. The goal was to design a chassis frame that could withstand loads for 30,000 running hours while reducing weight.
Consequence of Reinforced Concrete Slab Subjected to Blast LoadIRJET Journal
This document describes a structural analysis of an Eicher 11.10 automotive chassis frame to optimize its design for weight reduction. The researchers modeled the original 'C' section chassis frame in PRO-E software and performed finite element analysis in ANSYS. The analysis calculated stresses and deformations under an 8-ton load to identify areas for strengthening or lightening. The goal was to design a chassis frame that can withstand loads for 30,000 running hours while reducing weight.
IRJET- Planning and Enhancement of Guiding UprightsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes the planning and enhancement of guiding uprights for an all-terrain vehicle. The authors designed and tested a wheel center using finite element analysis to reduce costs through material and manufacturing optimization. They compared various designs and materials and selected an optimal combination. The proposed center used EN8 mild steel. Finite element analysis was also used to develop new functional designs for the enhanced wheel center to reduce weight without compromising strength requirements.
IRJET- Finite Element Analysis of Passenger Vehicle BumperIRJET Journal
This document presents a finite element analysis of passenger vehicle bumpers to improve safety performance. The study models and simulates bumpers in LS-DYNA software to analyze deformation, impact force, stress distribution, and energy absorption using different materials and designs. Results show that modifying the bumper thickness from 3mm to 5mm significantly reduces maximum strain from 50% to 15% and decreases maximum deformation from 476mm to 423mm, improving the bumper's ability to absorb impact energy.
IRJET- Finite Element Analysis of Fuel Tank Mounting BracketIRJET Journal
1) The document describes a finite element analysis of a fuel tank mounting bracket for commercial vehicles. The goal is to optimize the design to reduce costs.
2) A baseline model of the bracket was created using Pro-E software and analyzed using Hypermesh and Optistruct. The maximum displacement was 2.7mm and stress was 20MPa.
3) A modified design with stiffeners was also analyzed. This design showed maximum displacement of 2.74mm and stress of 19.5MPa, with a 26% reduction in weight while maintaining sufficient strength over the baseline design.
The document discusses the development of a composite accelerator pedal for automobiles to reduce weight. It begins with an introduction to composite materials and their properties that make them suitable for interior automotive components. It then discusses the development process using concurrent engineering approaches including design concept generation, material selection, and analysis. The literature review covers past research on using composites for other automotive applications like bumpers and leaf springs. The aim of the project is to use different design concepts and materials for the accelerator pedal and select the best one based on finite element analysis of factors like stress, displacement, and weight.
IRJET-Design Analysis & Optimization of two Wheeler HandlebarIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the design analysis and optimization of motorcycle handlebars. The study aims to reduce vibrations transmitted to riders from the road and engine. Modal and structural analysis is performed on handlebar models created in CREO and analyzed in ANSYS to determine natural frequencies, mode shapes, stresses, and deformations. Experimental testing will also be done and compared to finite element analysis results. The goal is to develop a vibration reduction method using simulation to reduce testing time and costs.
This document discusses topology optimization applied to automotive chassis design for weight reduction. Two chassis types are optimized - one for a spider vehicle and one for a coupé vehicle. The optimization minimizes mass subject to constraints for bending/torsional stiffness, crashworthiness, natural frequencies, and local joint stiffness. Six test cases are considered that incrementally add more constraints. Results show the optimized chassis masses decrease as more constraints are included. The optimized layouts provide innovative, efficient designs for lightweight automotive chassis.
Design and Analysis of Upright for Formula Vehicleijtsrd
Upright is modified version of knuckle. It is one of the most critical components in an automotive. Upright is the part that is connected with suspension arms, the hub brake caliper mounting and also the steering tie rod in formula vehicle. For Formula vehicle the goal is to design a light weight, yet sufficiently strong upright. All the loads reacted by the wheels are transmitted to the chassis through the ‘A arms indirectly from the upright. Generally the nature of the loads is bending. Different materials are used for manufacturing upright components like Aluminum alloys Al 7075 T6 for light weight applications, Al alloy 6061 T6 for moderate weight and moderate cost or steel in case of low cost application. First the upright is design in solid work with respect to the suspension mounting points. The model is meshed using ANSYS and analyzed based on the loads calculated using analytical method using formulae for various manures possible. Previously manufactured upright of Al alloy 6061 T6 had weight of 2 kg. In this project, the upright is designed with Al 7075 T6, reducing the weight to 1.17 kg and also sustaining the loads better than the previous design. Dr. B. Vijaya Kumar | B. Ruchitha | Narender Goud Edigi | Hemant Kumar ""Design and Analysis of Upright for Formula Vehicle"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23303.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23303/design-and-analysis-of-upright-for-formula-vehicle/dr-b-vijaya-kumar
Modeling, simulation and optimization analysis of steering knuckle component ...eSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes a study that modeled, simulated, and optimized the design of a steering knuckle component for a race car. Five initial CAD models of the steering knuckle were created and analyzed using finite element analysis to determine stresses, displacements, and weights. The best design was then optimized using shape optimization software to reduce weight while maintaining strength. The optimized design achieved a 45.8% reduction in mass while still meeting strength requirements.
Modeling, simulation and optimization analysis of steering knuckle component ...eSAT Journals
Abstract Light weight and low fuel consumption are the two main demands for a vehicle, particularly for a race car. Steering knuckle, as one of the critical components of a race car, is the main subject in the present study. A light weight and optimized design of steering knuckle is proposed to be used for an EIMARace race car; a small high-performance formula-style car, with suitable material selection as well as valid finite element analysis and optimization studies. First part of this study involves modeling of steering knuckles and analysis of the stresses and displacement under actual load conditions. A CAD and FEA software; SolidWorks, is applied for modeling as well as for static analysis studies. Shape optimization is the second part of this study, utilizing solid Thinking software from Altair Engineering packages. The improved design obtained had achieved 45.8% reduction of mass while meeting the strength requirement. Keywords: Steering knuckle, FEA, Optimization, Race car.
IRJET- Parametric Design and Comparative Analysis of Multi Leaf Spring for Li...IRJET Journal
1. The document presents a parametric design and comparative analysis of multi-leaf springs made of composite materials versus conventional steel for light automotive vehicles.
2. Finite element analysis is conducted on multi-leaf spring models made of conventional steel, carbon fiber reinforced plastic, and glass fiber reinforced plastic.
3. The results show that under equivalent static loading, the composite leaf springs experience lower von-Mises stresses and deflections compared to the conventional steel spring, indicating composites can reduce weight by 80% while maintaining performance.
IRJET- CFD Analysis of Spare Wheel Runner for using easy Car ParkingIRJET Journal
The document discusses a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of a spare wheel design that can rotate 360 degrees to aid in parking vehicles. It aims to address the challenge of limited parking space availability. The study models a spare wheel mechanism located under the vehicle that can move the car through rotation. Materials like iron steel, hard rubber, and alloy steel are considered. A prototype is modeled in Pro-E software and analyzed for structural validation using ANSYS. Results indicate the design has potential to make tight parking spaces and 360-degree maneuvers easier.
A Method for Finding Document Containning Reactionary ViewpointsIRJET Journal
The document describes using topology optimization to optimize the design of a front suspension shackle support. It discusses setting up the topology optimization parameters including design variables, constraints, and objective functions. It then performs finite element analysis on the optimized design under different load cases and compares the stresses to the permissible limits and the original baseline design. The optimized design showed a 30% mass reduction while keeping all stresses below limits, making it a manufacturable and improved design for the suspension shackle support.
Shear Stress Prediction Using FEA-ANN Hybrid Modeling Of Eicher 11.10 Chassis...IOSR Journals
The chassis serves as a backbone for supporting the body and different parts of the automobile. It
should be rigid enough to withstand the shock, twist, vibration and other stresses. Along with strength (Shear
Stress), an important consideration in chassis design is to have adequate bending stiffness (Deflection). The
main objective of the research is to develop an ANN model for shear stress prediction. The chassis frame is
made of two side members joined with a series of cross members. The number of cross members, their locations,
cross-section and the sizes of the side and the cross members becomes the design variables. The chassis frame
model is to be developed in Solid works and analyzed using Ansys. Since the no. of parameters and levels are
more, the probable models are too many. The weight reduction of the sidebar is achieved by changing the
Parameters using the orthogonal array. Then FEA is performed on those models. ANN model is prepared using
the results of FEA. For the ANN modeling, the standard back-propagation algorithm is found to be the best
choice for training the model. A multi- layer perception network is used for non-linear mapping between the
input and output parameters. This model can save material used, production cost and time
IRJET- Design Analysis & Optimization of Two Wheeler HandlebarIRJET Journal
This document discusses the structural and modal analysis of a motorcycle handlebar using finite element analysis (FEA). The handlebar was modeled in CREO and analyzed in ANSYS to determine its natural frequencies and mode shapes through modal analysis and to calculate stresses and deformations through structural analysis. Three materials were considered for structural analysis. Experimental testing was also conducted and showed good correlation with the FEA results, with an average error of 8-10%. The analyses aimed to optimize the handlebar design to reduce vibrations and improve rider comfort and safety.
New force india_f1_principal roll structure design using non-linear implicit ...AltairKorea
1. The document discusses using nonlinear implicit optimization in Radioss to design the principal roll structure of a Formula One car.
2. The design must meet FIA regulations, be lightweight, easy to manufacture, and have a compressed design time.
3. Topology optimization was used initially to reduce the mass by over 70%. Nonlinear shape optimization was then used to further reduce the mass.
Principal roll structure_design_using_non-linear_implicit_optimisation_in_ra...AltairKorea
1. The document discusses using nonlinear implicit optimization in Radioss to design the principal roll structure of a Formula One car.
2. The design must meet FIA regulations, be lightweight, easy to manufacture, and have a compressed design time.
3. Topology optimization was used initially to reduce the mass by over 70%. Nonlinear shape optimization was then used to further reduce the mass.
IRJET- Vibration Analysis of Composite Mono Leaf SpringIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that analyzes and compares steel and epoxy composite mono leaf springs using finite element analysis and experimental testing. The researchers created 3D CAD models of the leaf springs in CATIA and meshed them in ANSYS for finite element analysis. They applied boundary conditions and loads to simulate the springs under operating conditions. The results, including total deformation, equivalent stress, and natural frequencies at different vibration modes, were compared between the steel and epoxy composite springs. Experimental modal analysis using FFT was also conducted on the physical springs to validate the finite element analysis results. The study aims to evaluate the performance of epoxy composite leaf springs for potential weight reduction in automotive suspension systems.
1. The document describes the development of a MATLAB software for optimizing the design of a brake for a mini bike.
2. An existing brake design is analyzed and mathematically modeled. The model relates key brake parameters like force, torque, pressure to dimensions of the brake drum and brake lining.
3. The existing design is optimized by taking the maximum allowed width of the brake lining (25mm) rather than the calculated width (20mm). This reduces the size of the brake drum from 200mm to 180mm, lowering weight. It also increases the area of the brake lining.
1. The document describes the development of a MATLAB software for optimizing the design of a brake for a minibike.
2. An existing minibike brake design is analyzed and mathematically modeled. The model relates key brake design parameters like pressure, width of brake lining, drum radius, to torque output.
3. The existing design is optimized by taking the maximum allowed width of brake lining (25mm) rather than the calculated width (20mm). This reduces the required drum size from 200mm to 180mm, lowering weight while maintaining torque output.
Development of Software Using Matlab for Design Optimization of Brake for Min...iosrjce
Mini bikes are normally preferred by for their light weight. Hence attention needs to be focused on
weight while configuring each and every key element like brake, gear box,engine, clutchs etc. Design
optimization of brake for one such mini brake has been taken up in this work. To start with, mathematical model
of the brake has been established so as to bring out the relation between key parameters of the design and the
same has been used in the later stage so as to formulate the optimization strategy. Configuring the brake by
choosing restraining value of width of brake lining in place of choosing restraining value of size of brake drum
yielded to reduction of volume and hence weight. Optimized design lead to increased area of lining which in
turn will reduce dissipation of energy per unit area. Accordingly it has bagged additional merits like reduction
in operating temperature and wear. Further a general purpose software has been developed using MATLAB for
design optimization of brake. For accomplishing this, formulation has been transformed in form of a code in
MATLAB. Programme has been written with interactive mode of operation which means upon executing the
programme it prompts the user to enter the value of inputs and subsequently it generates the outputs.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Parametric Optimization of Eicher 11.10 Chassis Frame for Weight Reduction Us...IOSR Journals
Abstract: The chassis serves as a backbone for supporting the body and different parts of the automobile. It
should be rigid enough to withstand the shock, twist, vibration and other stresses. Along with strength, an
important consideration in chassis design is to have adequate bending stiffness. The main objective of the
research is to obtain the minimum weight of Eicher 11.10 chassis frame. The chassis frame is made of two side
members joined with a series of cross members. The number of cross members, their locations, cross-section
and the sizes of the side and the cross members becomes the design variables. The chassis frame model is to be
developed in Solid works and analyzed using Ansys. Since the no. of parameters and levels are more, the
probable models are too many. So, to select optimum parameters among them large no of modeling and analysis
work is involved which consumes more time. To overcome this problem TAGUCHI method along with FEA is
use. The weight reduction of the side bar is achieved by changing the Parameters using orthogonal array. Then
FEA is performed on those models to get the best solution. This method can save material used, production cost
and time.
Keywords: Parametric optimization, Chassis frame, FE analysis, FEA-DOE hybrid modeling, Weight
reduction
Experimental Stress Analysis and Optimization of Connecting RodIRJET Journal
The document discusses experimental stress analysis and topology optimization of a connecting rod. It begins with modeling the existing connecting rod using CAD software and performing finite element analysis to determine stresses and deformation. Topology optimization is then used to remove material from low-stress regions to reduce weight without compromising strength. The optimized model is again analyzed using FEA. Finally, the optimization results are implemented on the physical connecting rod using EDM machining. Strain gauges are mounted and experimental testing is conducted to correlate results with the FEA analysis. The optimization reduced the connecting rod weight from 2.351kg to 2.240kg while von Mises stresses and deflections remained within acceptable limits.
IRJET-Design, Analysis and Weight Optimization of Leaf Spring for Light Weigh...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the design, analysis and weight optimization of leaf springs for light vehicles. The researchers modeled two different designs of a leaf spring using CREO 2.0 software and analyzed them using HYPERWORKS. The analysis found weight reductions of 14.47% for 55Si2Mn90 steel and 14.37% for 50CrV4 steel by incorporating holes into the leaf spring design. Finite element analysis showed von Mises stresses were 12.91% lower for 50CrV4 and 18.21% lower for 55Si2Mn90 with the optimized hole design compared to the original design under the same loading conditions. The study concluded the hole design successfully reduced weight by over 14%
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
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Upright is modified version of knuckle. It is one of the most critical components in an automotive. Upright is the part that is connected with suspension arms, the hub brake caliper mounting and also the steering tie rod in formula vehicle. For Formula vehicle the goal is to design a light weight, yet sufficiently strong upright. All the loads reacted by the wheels are transmitted to the chassis through the ‘A arms indirectly from the upright. Generally the nature of the loads is bending. Different materials are used for manufacturing upright components like Aluminum alloys Al 7075 T6 for light weight applications, Al alloy 6061 T6 for moderate weight and moderate cost or steel in case of low cost application. First the upright is design in solid work with respect to the suspension mounting points. The model is meshed using ANSYS and analyzed based on the loads calculated using analytical method using formulae for various manures possible. Previously manufactured upright of Al alloy 6061 T6 had weight of 2 kg. In this project, the upright is designed with Al 7075 T6, reducing the weight to 1.17 kg and also sustaining the loads better than the previous design. Dr. B. Vijaya Kumar | B. Ruchitha | Narender Goud Edigi | Hemant Kumar ""Design and Analysis of Upright for Formula Vehicle"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23303.pdf
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Modeling, simulation and optimization analysis of steering knuckle component ...eSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes a study that modeled, simulated, and optimized the design of a steering knuckle component for a race car. Five initial CAD models of the steering knuckle were created and analyzed using finite element analysis to determine stresses, displacements, and weights. The best design was then optimized using shape optimization software to reduce weight while maintaining strength. The optimized design achieved a 45.8% reduction in mass while still meeting strength requirements.
Modeling, simulation and optimization analysis of steering knuckle component ...eSAT Journals
Abstract Light weight and low fuel consumption are the two main demands for a vehicle, particularly for a race car. Steering knuckle, as one of the critical components of a race car, is the main subject in the present study. A light weight and optimized design of steering knuckle is proposed to be used for an EIMARace race car; a small high-performance formula-style car, with suitable material selection as well as valid finite element analysis and optimization studies. First part of this study involves modeling of steering knuckles and analysis of the stresses and displacement under actual load conditions. A CAD and FEA software; SolidWorks, is applied for modeling as well as for static analysis studies. Shape optimization is the second part of this study, utilizing solid Thinking software from Altair Engineering packages. The improved design obtained had achieved 45.8% reduction of mass while meeting the strength requirement. Keywords: Steering knuckle, FEA, Optimization, Race car.
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The chassis serves as a backbone for supporting the body and different parts of the automobile. It
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main objective of the research is to develop an ANN model for shear stress prediction. The chassis frame is
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cross-section and the sizes of the side and the cross members becomes the design variables. The chassis frame
model is to be developed in Solid works and analyzed using Ansys. Since the no. of parameters and levels are
more, the probable models are too many. The weight reduction of the sidebar is achieved by changing the
Parameters using the orthogonal array. Then FEA is performed on those models. ANN model is prepared using
the results of FEA. For the ANN modeling, the standard back-propagation algorithm is found to be the best
choice for training the model. A multi- layer perception network is used for non-linear mapping between the
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3. Topology optimization was used initially to reduce the mass by over 70%. Nonlinear shape optimization was then used to further reduce the mass.
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3. The existing design is optimized by taking the maximum allowed width of the brake lining (25mm) rather than the calculated width (20mm). This reduces the size of the brake drum from 200mm to 180mm, lowering weight. It also increases the area of the brake lining.
1. The document describes the development of a MATLAB software for optimizing the design of a brake for a minibike.
2. An existing minibike brake design is analyzed and mathematically modeled. The model relates key brake design parameters like pressure, width of brake lining, drum radius, to torque output.
3. The existing design is optimized by taking the maximum allowed width of brake lining (25mm) rather than the calculated width (20mm). This reduces the required drum size from 200mm to 180mm, lowering weight while maintaining torque output.
Development of Software Using Matlab for Design Optimization of Brake for Min...iosrjce
Mini bikes are normally preferred by for their light weight. Hence attention needs to be focused on
weight while configuring each and every key element like brake, gear box,engine, clutchs etc. Design
optimization of brake for one such mini brake has been taken up in this work. To start with, mathematical model
of the brake has been established so as to bring out the relation between key parameters of the design and the
same has been used in the later stage so as to formulate the optimization strategy. Configuring the brake by
choosing restraining value of width of brake lining in place of choosing restraining value of size of brake drum
yielded to reduction of volume and hence weight. Optimized design lead to increased area of lining which in
turn will reduce dissipation of energy per unit area. Accordingly it has bagged additional merits like reduction
in operating temperature and wear. Further a general purpose software has been developed using MATLAB for
design optimization of brake. For accomplishing this, formulation has been transformed in form of a code in
MATLAB. Programme has been written with interactive mode of operation which means upon executing the
programme it prompts the user to enter the value of inputs and subsequently it generates the outputs.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Parametric Optimization of Eicher 11.10 Chassis Frame for Weight Reduction Us...IOSR Journals
Abstract: The chassis serves as a backbone for supporting the body and different parts of the automobile. It
should be rigid enough to withstand the shock, twist, vibration and other stresses. Along with strength, an
important consideration in chassis design is to have adequate bending stiffness. The main objective of the
research is to obtain the minimum weight of Eicher 11.10 chassis frame. The chassis frame is made of two side
members joined with a series of cross members. The number of cross members, their locations, cross-section
and the sizes of the side and the cross members becomes the design variables. The chassis frame model is to be
developed in Solid works and analyzed using Ansys. Since the no. of parameters and levels are more, the
probable models are too many. So, to select optimum parameters among them large no of modeling and analysis
work is involved which consumes more time. To overcome this problem TAGUCHI method along with FEA is
use. The weight reduction of the side bar is achieved by changing the Parameters using orthogonal array. Then
FEA is performed on those models to get the best solution. This method can save material used, production cost
and time.
Keywords: Parametric optimization, Chassis frame, FE analysis, FEA-DOE hybrid modeling, Weight
reduction
Experimental Stress Analysis and Optimization of Connecting RodIRJET Journal
The document discusses experimental stress analysis and topology optimization of a connecting rod. It begins with modeling the existing connecting rod using CAD software and performing finite element analysis to determine stresses and deformation. Topology optimization is then used to remove material from low-stress regions to reduce weight without compromising strength. The optimized model is again analyzed using FEA. Finally, the optimization results are implemented on the physical connecting rod using EDM machining. Strain gauges are mounted and experimental testing is conducted to correlate results with the FEA analysis. The optimization reduced the connecting rod weight from 2.351kg to 2.240kg while von Mises stresses and deflections remained within acceptable limits.
IRJET-Design, Analysis and Weight Optimization of Leaf Spring for Light Weigh...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the design, analysis and weight optimization of leaf springs for light vehicles. The researchers modeled two different designs of a leaf spring using CREO 2.0 software and analyzed them using HYPERWORKS. The analysis found weight reductions of 14.47% for 55Si2Mn90 steel and 14.37% for 50CrV4 steel by incorporating holes into the leaf spring design. Finite element analysis showed von Mises stresses were 12.91% lower for 50CrV4 and 18.21% lower for 55Si2Mn90 with the optimized hole design compared to the original design under the same loading conditions. The study concluded the hole design successfully reduced weight by over 14%
Similar to Topology Optimization of Student Car Steering Knuckle (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.