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The document discusses the feedback mechanism that organisms use to maintain homeostasis. It explains that feedback mechanisms detect changes from normal conditions and work to correct them, returning the body to a normal state. Examples provided include the regulation of body temperature, hormone levels, heart and breathing rates, and blood sugar levels to illustrate how negative feedback mechanisms function to keep internal conditions stable.
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HOMEOSTASIS
Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions and regulate physiological processes even when the external environment changes. All body systems work cooperatively through feedback mechanisms to sense changes and restore balance. For example, the cardiovascular system transports materials to cells while the respiratory system regulates gas exchange and pH. When a parameter like blood pressure rises, negative feedback loops bring it back down through effectors like the baroreceptors. This maintains stability and allows the body to function properly despite external fluctuations.
Homeostasis
We have discuss Definition of homeostasis which is state of balance .then The scope of human physiology in homeostasis means the feature and characteristics of homeostasis control system and feedback system. Negative and positive feedback when and where it place . Also components of homeostasis control system which include reflex arc, local homeostatic response . And intercellular chemical messengers .
Homeostatis
Homeostasis refers to the maintenance of relatively constant internal conditions in the body despite changes in the external environment. There are three main types of regulation that work together to achieve homeostasis: chemical/hormonal regulation, nervous regulation, and autoregulation of tissues and organs. Homeostatic mechanisms use either negative or positive feedback loops. Negative feedback loops work to reduce any imbalance, while positive feedback loops intensify an initial stimulus over a short period of time, such as during childbirth.
Physiology and Homeostasis
This document discusses physiology and homeostasis. Physiology is defined as the study of how the body works from cells to tissues to organs to systems. It then describes the different levels of organization in the body from cells to tissues to organs to systems. It introduces the concepts of intracellular and extracellular fluid. Homeostasis is defined as maintaining relatively stable internal conditions and factors that are homeostatically regulated like pH, temperature, and electrolyte concentrations. The document discusses homeostatic control systems using negative feedback, positive feedback, and feedforward mechanisms to maintain homeostasis. The major body systems that contribute to homeostasis are also listed.
Homeostasis
Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions even as external conditions change. It is achieved through negative or positive feedback mechanisms. Negative feedback acts to shut off or reduce the stimulus causing imbalance, like a thermostat regulating room temperature. Positive feedback intensifies the original stimulus to push the variable further, seen in blood clotting and childbirth. Key components of homeostatic systems are sensors that detect stress, a control center that receives this information and sends messages, and effectors that respond to messages to reestablish homeostasis. Examples provided are temperature regulation through sweating and blood sugar regulation through insulin release.
Lymphatic system Physiology
The lymphatic system is a closed system of lymph vessels that drains lymph fluid from tissues and returns it to the bloodstream. It consists of lymph capillaries that drain into larger vessels and ultimately form the right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct, which empty into subclavian veins. The lymphatic system helps fight pathogens through innate immunity as the first line of defense and acquired immunity developed by T and B lymphocytes, which provide cellular and humoral immunity through memory and plasma cells. Cytokines are proteins secreted by immune cells that help coordinate immune responses.
Homeostasis
1) Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to regulate its internal environment to maintain stable conditions, despite changes in the external environment.
2) The concept was first described by Claude Bernard in the 1860s, and the term "homeostasis" was coined by Walter Cannon in 1932 to describe the coordinated physiological processes that maintain steady states.
3) Homeostasis involves negative feedback loops, where a deviation from the normal setpoint is detected by receptors, signaling the control center to activate effectors to correct the deviation and restore the normal condition. Positive feedback also occurs in some cases, like childbirth, to amplify a process.
pituitary gland
The pituitary gland, also known as the hypophysis, is a small pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain. It has two lobes - the anterior and posterior lobes. The anterior lobe regulates growth, metabolism, stress responses, reproduction and lactation by producing hormones that stimulate other glands. The posterior lobe helps control water balance in the body. The pituitary gland is often called the "master gland" as it controls many other glands.
Recommended
HOMEOSTASIS
Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions and regulate physiological processes even when the external environment changes. All body systems work cooperatively through feedback mechanisms to sense changes and restore balance. For example, the cardiovascular system transports materials to cells while the respiratory system regulates gas exchange and pH. When a parameter like blood pressure rises, negative feedback loops bring it back down through effectors like the baroreceptors. This maintains stability and allows the body to function properly despite external fluctuations.
Homeostasis
We have discuss Definition of homeostasis which is state of balance .then The scope of human physiology in homeostasis means the feature and characteristics of homeostasis control system and feedback system. Negative and positive feedback when and where it place . Also components of homeostasis control system which include reflex arc, local homeostatic response . And intercellular chemical messengers .
Homeostatis
Homeostasis refers to the maintenance of relatively constant internal conditions in the body despite changes in the external environment. There are three main types of regulation that work together to achieve homeostasis: chemical/hormonal regulation, nervous regulation, and autoregulation of tissues and organs. Homeostatic mechanisms use either negative or positive feedback loops. Negative feedback loops work to reduce any imbalance, while positive feedback loops intensify an initial stimulus over a short period of time, such as during childbirth.
Physiology and Homeostasis
This document discusses physiology and homeostasis. Physiology is defined as the study of how the body works from cells to tissues to organs to systems. It then describes the different levels of organization in the body from cells to tissues to organs to systems. It introduces the concepts of intracellular and extracellular fluid. Homeostasis is defined as maintaining relatively stable internal conditions and factors that are homeostatically regulated like pH, temperature, and electrolyte concentrations. The document discusses homeostatic control systems using negative feedback, positive feedback, and feedforward mechanisms to maintain homeostasis. The major body systems that contribute to homeostasis are also listed.
Homeostasis
Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions even as external conditions change. It is achieved through negative or positive feedback mechanisms. Negative feedback acts to shut off or reduce the stimulus causing imbalance, like a thermostat regulating room temperature. Positive feedback intensifies the original stimulus to push the variable further, seen in blood clotting and childbirth. Key components of homeostatic systems are sensors that detect stress, a control center that receives this information and sends messages, and effectors that respond to messages to reestablish homeostasis. Examples provided are temperature regulation through sweating and blood sugar regulation through insulin release.
Lymphatic system Physiology
The lymphatic system is a closed system of lymph vessels that drains lymph fluid from tissues and returns it to the bloodstream. It consists of lymph capillaries that drain into larger vessels and ultimately form the right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct, which empty into subclavian veins. The lymphatic system helps fight pathogens through innate immunity as the first line of defense and acquired immunity developed by T and B lymphocytes, which provide cellular and humoral immunity through memory and plasma cells. Cytokines are proteins secreted by immune cells that help coordinate immune responses.
Homeostasis
1) Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to regulate its internal environment to maintain stable conditions, despite changes in the external environment.
2) The concept was first described by Claude Bernard in the 1860s, and the term "homeostasis" was coined by Walter Cannon in 1932 to describe the coordinated physiological processes that maintain steady states.
3) Homeostasis involves negative feedback loops, where a deviation from the normal setpoint is detected by receptors, signaling the control center to activate effectors to correct the deviation and restore the normal condition. Positive feedback also occurs in some cases, like childbirth, to amplify a process.
pituitary gland
The pituitary gland, also known as the hypophysis, is a small pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain. It has two lobes - the anterior and posterior lobes. The anterior lobe regulates growth, metabolism, stress responses, reproduction and lactation by producing hormones that stimulate other glands. The posterior lobe helps control water balance in the body. The pituitary gland is often called the "master gland" as it controls many other glands.
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
The lymphatic system consists of lymph fluid, lymph vessels, and lymphatic organs that include lymph nodes and tonsils. Lymph is formed from interstitial fluid and contains water, proteins, cells, and other components. It flows from lymph capillaries through collecting vessels and trunks into the thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct and returns to the bloodstream. The lymphatic system helps remove excess fluid from tissues, transports fat and proteins, and plays a role in immune defense and absorption of nutrients. Disruptions in lymph flow can cause edema or other pathologies like lymphadenopathy or elephantiasis.
Reproductive physiology
The document summarizes the processes of gametogenesis in males and females. It describes that gametogenesis is the formation of gametes (sperm in males and eggs in females) from primordial germ cells in the gonads. This involves mitosis to produce more germ cells, followed by meiosis which reduces the chromosome number to produce haploid gametes. The document also outlines the structures involved in male and female reproduction such as testes/ovaries, accessory ducts and glands, and hormones important for gamete production and the reproductive cycles.
Feedback mechanism of metabolism (Positive and Negative feedback mechanism)
Feedback mechanism of metabolism (Positive and Negative feedback mechanism)
How Positive and Negative feedback mechanism maintained homeostasis in body
Posterior pitutary
The posterior pituitary gland, also called the neurohypophysis, contains nerve endings from the hypothalamus that secrete two hormones: oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH, also called vasopressin). These hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus and transported to the posterior pituitary. ADH controls water conservation in the body by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys. Oxytocin aids milk ejection from the breasts during nursing and helps stimulate contractions during childbirth. Both ADH and oxytocin secretion are stimulated by increased extracellular fluid osmolarity and decreased blood volume or pressure.
Homeostasis by Dr.Mrs. Padmaja R Desai
Homeostasis refers to the maintenance of a stable internal environment in the body. It is achieved through homeostatic mechanisms that regulate factors like temperature, pH, and electrolyte concentrations. Any deviation from normal ranges can affect enzyme function and lead to death. Homeostasis involves coordinated responses from organs like the lungs, gut, liver, and kidneys as well as the endocrine and nervous systems. Negative feedback mechanisms help stabilize conditions that rise or fall outside normal levels through corrective responses that oppose the initial change. Examples include insulin regulation of blood glucose and baroreceptor control of blood pressure. Positive feedback mechanisms can also be useful in limited contexts like blood clotting and childbirth but generally promote instability.
Lymphatic system
The lymphatic system is part of the circulatory system and immune system. It is composed of lymph capillaries that branch throughout the body and collect lymph fluid high in white blood cells. The lymph vessels drain the lymph fluid into the lymph nodes where the fluid is filtered before emptying into the bloodstream via two main lymphatic ducts. The lymphatic system also includes the thymus, spleen, bone marrow, and collections of lymphatic tissue in the respiratory and digestive tracts that help fight infection and produce immune cells.
Body fluids
This document discusses body fluids and electrolytes. It begins by stating that total body water makes up 60% of body weight and is divided into intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF). ECF can be further divided into plasma and interstitial fluid. The document then discusses the composition of body fluids, measurement techniques, water balance and electrolyte distribution between fluid compartments. It emphasizes the importance of homeostasis and how the kidneys, hormones and hypothalamus help regulate fluid balance and prevent conditions like dehydration or edema.
Homeostasis I Negative and Positive Feedback Mechanism I Feedforward Mechanis...
Homeostasis I Negative and Positive Feedback Mechanism I Feedforward Mechanism I General Physiology I
The slide will be about :
1. Definition of homeostasis
2. What is internal environment ?
3. Why ECF is considered as an internal environment for cell ?
4. Homeostatic mechanism
5. Components of homeostatic mechanism
6. Feedback mechanism
7. Negative feedback mechanism
8. Positive feedback mechanism
9. Feedforward mechanism
You can also watch the same topic on HM Learnings Youtube channel.
You can also follow HM Learnings on facebook, instagram and twitter for daily updates
Nerve impulse synapses
The nerve impulse is an electrical signal transmitted by neurons in the nervous system. It occurs when voltage-gated sodium channels in the neuron's membrane open, allowing sodium ions to flow into the neuron and depolarize it. This then causes voltage-gated potassium channels to open, allowing potassium ions to flow out and repolarize the neuron, restoring the resting potential. The nerve impulse travels rapidly along the axon via this process of local depolarization and repolarization. At synapses, neurotransmitters are released by the presynaptic neuron, which can either excite or inhibit the postsynaptic neuron, determining whether or not an impulse continues along the nerve circuit.
Blood composition and its functions on 17.09.2016
Blood is composed of plasma and cells. Plasma is 92% water and contains proteins, nutrients, waste products, gases and regulatory substances. Cells include red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Red blood cells carry oxygen and are biconcave and enucleated. White blood cells help fight infection - granulocytes contain granules and include neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils, while agranulocytes lack granules and comprise lymphocytes and monocytes. Platelets help form clots to stop bleeding. Together, blood regulates pH, transports substances around the body, protects against disease, and performs hemostasis.
Pituitary Gland
The pituitary gland is a small gland located at the base of the brain that regulates several important bodily functions. It is divided into anterior and posterior lobes. The anterior lobe secretes hormones that control other endocrine glands and regulate processes like growth, metabolism, and reproduction. These include growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, and adrenocorticotropic hormone. The posterior lobe stores and releases oxytocin and vasopressin, which are produced in the hypothalamus and help regulate water balance and milk release. Disorders of the pituitary can impact hormone levels and cause wide-ranging symptoms.
Skeletal muscle structure & function
This document discusses the structure and function of skeletal muscle. It begins with an introduction to skeletal muscle and then covers topics like muscle fiber structure, development of muscle cells, muscle proteins, the sarcomere, sarcoplasmic reticulum, and excitation-contraction coupling. Diagrams are provided to illustrate muscle fiber anatomy, the arrangement of actin and myosin filaments in the sarcomere, and the relationship between the sarcoplasmic reticulum and t-tubules. The document provides definitions of key muscle terms and describes the roles of various muscle proteins.
General physiology
Physiology attempts to explain the physical and chemical factors responsible for life. Homeostasis refers to maintaining equilibrium by balancing internal and external environments. The main body systems that help maintain homeostasis are the respiratory, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, urinary, endocrine, musculoskeletal, and nervous systems. Body fluid consists of water and dissolved solutes, making up 60% of total body weight, with extracellular fluid comprising 20% and intracellular fluid 40%.
Endocrine glands
The document describes the major endocrine glands of the human body, including the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, thymus, pancreas, adrenal glands, testes, and ovaries. It details the location and functions of each gland, such as hormone production and regulation of processes like metabolism, growth, and sexual development. The endocrine system works through feedback loops to maintain homeostasis in the body.
gastric juice
About 2 liters of gastric juice are secreted daily by the stomach and consists of water, minerals, mucus, hydrochloric acid, intrinsic factor, and inactive enzyme precursors. The gastric juice helps further liquefy food, acidifies the food to stop salivary amylase, kills microbes, and provides an environment for pepsins to break down proteins. Secretion reaches its maximum about an hour after eating and declines to fasting levels around 4 hours later, occurring in cephalic, gastric, and intestinal phases. The functions of the stomach include temporary storage, chemical and mechanical digestion, limited absorption, defense against microbes, and regulating passage to the small intestine.
Homeostasis and control system of body
Homeostasis refers to the maintenance of stable internal conditions essential for survival. Key aspects include concentrations of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients and waste, pH levels, electrolyte and salt levels, and temperature regulation. The body has two fluid transport systems - blood circulation and exchange between blood vessels and tissues.
The nervous and endocrine systems control bodily functions and maintain homeostasis. The nervous system controls rapid responses while the endocrine system regulates metabolism via hormones. Negative feedback loops reverse stimuli to maintain balance, like temperature increasing exercise and triggering cooling. Positive feedback intensifies stimuli, like uterine stretching intensifying contractions during childbirth. Overall, feedback systems allow the body to precisely balance its internal environment.
Muscle
1) The document discusses skeletal muscle anatomy and physiology, describing the different types of skeletal muscle fibers and their classifications based on architecture and function.
2) It also covers motor units, nerve supply, and applied concepts like muscle paralysis, spasm, atrophy, hypertrophy, and regeneration.
3) Key points include the structures of skeletal muscle like tendons and fascicles, fiber types, and how muscles are classified based on their prime mover, antagonist, fixator, or synergist actions.
Blood clotting
Blood clotting is a process called coagulation where blood changes from a liquid to a solid gel-like state. It occurs through a cascade of biochemical reactions involving multiple clotting factors. Initially fibrinogen is converted to fibrin, which forms a mesh that entangles blood cells. Then the clot undergoes further changes to strengthen it. Precise regulation of coagulation prevents clotting inside healthy blood vessels but allows it to occur when vessels are damaged.
Physiology of muscle contraction
The muscle are biological motors which convert chemical energy into force and mechanical work.
This biological machinery is composed of proteins – which is actomyosin and the fuel is ATP.
With the use of muscles we are able to act on our environment.
Pituitary gland
The pituitary gland, also known as the master gland, is located in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone. It consists of an anterior and posterior lobe. The anterior lobe secretes growth hormone and other hormones that regulate other endocrine glands. The posterior lobe stores and releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone produced by the hypothalamus. Diseases of the pituitary gland include hyperpituitarism due to overproduction of hormones and hypopituitarism due to underproduction. Pituitary tumors are also common and can cause hormonal imbalances or pressure effects.
Positive And Negative Feedback
Positive and negative feedback are mechanisms the body uses to return to homeostasis. Positive feedback involves exaggerating the body's response, while negative feedback more directly works to restore normal conditions. Examples of negative feedback include perspiration and shivering, which help regulate body temperature back to normal levels.
Homeostasis
Homeostasis refers to the process by which organisms regulate internal conditions to maintain a stable and constant environment. Negative feedback loops play an important role in homeostasis, as the response works to remove or reduce the stimulus to bring the regulated factor back to its normal range. Thermoregulation, the ability to maintain a stable body temperature, is an important example of homeostasis that allows for optimal biological functioning across different temperatures. Both behavioral and physiological mechanisms enable endothermic and ectothermic organisms to regulate their body temperatures.
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LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
The lymphatic system consists of lymph fluid, lymph vessels, and lymphatic organs that include lymph nodes and tonsils. Lymph is formed from interstitial fluid and contains water, proteins, cells, and other components. It flows from lymph capillaries through collecting vessels and trunks into the thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct and returns to the bloodstream. The lymphatic system helps remove excess fluid from tissues, transports fat and proteins, and plays a role in immune defense and absorption of nutrients. Disruptions in lymph flow can cause edema or other pathologies like lymphadenopathy or elephantiasis.
Reproductive physiology
The document summarizes the processes of gametogenesis in males and females. It describes that gametogenesis is the formation of gametes (sperm in males and eggs in females) from primordial germ cells in the gonads. This involves mitosis to produce more germ cells, followed by meiosis which reduces the chromosome number to produce haploid gametes. The document also outlines the structures involved in male and female reproduction such as testes/ovaries, accessory ducts and glands, and hormones important for gamete production and the reproductive cycles.
Feedback mechanism of metabolism (Positive and Negative feedback mechanism)
Feedback mechanism of metabolism (Positive and Negative feedback mechanism)
How Positive and Negative feedback mechanism maintained homeostasis in body
Posterior pitutary
The posterior pituitary gland, also called the neurohypophysis, contains nerve endings from the hypothalamus that secrete two hormones: oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH, also called vasopressin). These hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus and transported to the posterior pituitary. ADH controls water conservation in the body by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys. Oxytocin aids milk ejection from the breasts during nursing and helps stimulate contractions during childbirth. Both ADH and oxytocin secretion are stimulated by increased extracellular fluid osmolarity and decreased blood volume or pressure.
Homeostasis by Dr.Mrs. Padmaja R Desai
Homeostasis refers to the maintenance of a stable internal environment in the body. It is achieved through homeostatic mechanisms that regulate factors like temperature, pH, and electrolyte concentrations. Any deviation from normal ranges can affect enzyme function and lead to death. Homeostasis involves coordinated responses from organs like the lungs, gut, liver, and kidneys as well as the endocrine and nervous systems. Negative feedback mechanisms help stabilize conditions that rise or fall outside normal levels through corrective responses that oppose the initial change. Examples include insulin regulation of blood glucose and baroreceptor control of blood pressure. Positive feedback mechanisms can also be useful in limited contexts like blood clotting and childbirth but generally promote instability.
Lymphatic system
The lymphatic system is part of the circulatory system and immune system. It is composed of lymph capillaries that branch throughout the body and collect lymph fluid high in white blood cells. The lymph vessels drain the lymph fluid into the lymph nodes where the fluid is filtered before emptying into the bloodstream via two main lymphatic ducts. The lymphatic system also includes the thymus, spleen, bone marrow, and collections of lymphatic tissue in the respiratory and digestive tracts that help fight infection and produce immune cells.
Body fluids
This document discusses body fluids and electrolytes. It begins by stating that total body water makes up 60% of body weight and is divided into intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF). ECF can be further divided into plasma and interstitial fluid. The document then discusses the composition of body fluids, measurement techniques, water balance and electrolyte distribution between fluid compartments. It emphasizes the importance of homeostasis and how the kidneys, hormones and hypothalamus help regulate fluid balance and prevent conditions like dehydration or edema.
Homeostasis I Negative and Positive Feedback Mechanism I Feedforward Mechanis...
Homeostasis I Negative and Positive Feedback Mechanism I Feedforward Mechanism I General Physiology I
The slide will be about :
1. Definition of homeostasis
2. What is internal environment ?
3. Why ECF is considered as an internal environment for cell ?
4. Homeostatic mechanism
5. Components of homeostatic mechanism
6. Feedback mechanism
7. Negative feedback mechanism
8. Positive feedback mechanism
9. Feedforward mechanism
You can also watch the same topic on HM Learnings Youtube channel.
You can also follow HM Learnings on facebook, instagram and twitter for daily updates
Nerve impulse synapses
The nerve impulse is an electrical signal transmitted by neurons in the nervous system. It occurs when voltage-gated sodium channels in the neuron's membrane open, allowing sodium ions to flow into the neuron and depolarize it. This then causes voltage-gated potassium channels to open, allowing potassium ions to flow out and repolarize the neuron, restoring the resting potential. The nerve impulse travels rapidly along the axon via this process of local depolarization and repolarization. At synapses, neurotransmitters are released by the presynaptic neuron, which can either excite or inhibit the postsynaptic neuron, determining whether or not an impulse continues along the nerve circuit.
Blood composition and its functions on 17.09.2016
Blood is composed of plasma and cells. Plasma is 92% water and contains proteins, nutrients, waste products, gases and regulatory substances. Cells include red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Red blood cells carry oxygen and are biconcave and enucleated. White blood cells help fight infection - granulocytes contain granules and include neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils, while agranulocytes lack granules and comprise lymphocytes and monocytes. Platelets help form clots to stop bleeding. Together, blood regulates pH, transports substances around the body, protects against disease, and performs hemostasis.
Pituitary Gland
The pituitary gland is a small gland located at the base of the brain that regulates several important bodily functions. It is divided into anterior and posterior lobes. The anterior lobe secretes hormones that control other endocrine glands and regulate processes like growth, metabolism, and reproduction. These include growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, and adrenocorticotropic hormone. The posterior lobe stores and releases oxytocin and vasopressin, which are produced in the hypothalamus and help regulate water balance and milk release. Disorders of the pituitary can impact hormone levels and cause wide-ranging symptoms.
Skeletal muscle structure & function
This document discusses the structure and function of skeletal muscle. It begins with an introduction to skeletal muscle and then covers topics like muscle fiber structure, development of muscle cells, muscle proteins, the sarcomere, sarcoplasmic reticulum, and excitation-contraction coupling. Diagrams are provided to illustrate muscle fiber anatomy, the arrangement of actin and myosin filaments in the sarcomere, and the relationship between the sarcoplasmic reticulum and t-tubules. The document provides definitions of key muscle terms and describes the roles of various muscle proteins.
General physiology
Physiology attempts to explain the physical and chemical factors responsible for life. Homeostasis refers to maintaining equilibrium by balancing internal and external environments. The main body systems that help maintain homeostasis are the respiratory, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, urinary, endocrine, musculoskeletal, and nervous systems. Body fluid consists of water and dissolved solutes, making up 60% of total body weight, with extracellular fluid comprising 20% and intracellular fluid 40%.
Endocrine glands
The document describes the major endocrine glands of the human body, including the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, thymus, pancreas, adrenal glands, testes, and ovaries. It details the location and functions of each gland, such as hormone production and regulation of processes like metabolism, growth, and sexual development. The endocrine system works through feedback loops to maintain homeostasis in the body.
gastric juice
About 2 liters of gastric juice are secreted daily by the stomach and consists of water, minerals, mucus, hydrochloric acid, intrinsic factor, and inactive enzyme precursors. The gastric juice helps further liquefy food, acidifies the food to stop salivary amylase, kills microbes, and provides an environment for pepsins to break down proteins. Secretion reaches its maximum about an hour after eating and declines to fasting levels around 4 hours later, occurring in cephalic, gastric, and intestinal phases. The functions of the stomach include temporary storage, chemical and mechanical digestion, limited absorption, defense against microbes, and regulating passage to the small intestine.
Homeostasis and control system of body
Homeostasis refers to the maintenance of stable internal conditions essential for survival. Key aspects include concentrations of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients and waste, pH levels, electrolyte and salt levels, and temperature regulation. The body has two fluid transport systems - blood circulation and exchange between blood vessels and tissues.
The nervous and endocrine systems control bodily functions and maintain homeostasis. The nervous system controls rapid responses while the endocrine system regulates metabolism via hormones. Negative feedback loops reverse stimuli to maintain balance, like temperature increasing exercise and triggering cooling. Positive feedback intensifies stimuli, like uterine stretching intensifying contractions during childbirth. Overall, feedback systems allow the body to precisely balance its internal environment.
Muscle
1) The document discusses skeletal muscle anatomy and physiology, describing the different types of skeletal muscle fibers and their classifications based on architecture and function.
2) It also covers motor units, nerve supply, and applied concepts like muscle paralysis, spasm, atrophy, hypertrophy, and regeneration.
3) Key points include the structures of skeletal muscle like tendons and fascicles, fiber types, and how muscles are classified based on their prime mover, antagonist, fixator, or synergist actions.
Blood clotting
Blood clotting is a process called coagulation where blood changes from a liquid to a solid gel-like state. It occurs through a cascade of biochemical reactions involving multiple clotting factors. Initially fibrinogen is converted to fibrin, which forms a mesh that entangles blood cells. Then the clot undergoes further changes to strengthen it. Precise regulation of coagulation prevents clotting inside healthy blood vessels but allows it to occur when vessels are damaged.
Physiology of muscle contraction
The muscle are biological motors which convert chemical energy into force and mechanical work.
This biological machinery is composed of proteins – which is actomyosin and the fuel is ATP.
With the use of muscles we are able to act on our environment.
Pituitary gland
The pituitary gland, also known as the master gland, is located in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone. It consists of an anterior and posterior lobe. The anterior lobe secretes growth hormone and other hormones that regulate other endocrine glands. The posterior lobe stores and releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone produced by the hypothalamus. Diseases of the pituitary gland include hyperpituitarism due to overproduction of hormones and hypopituitarism due to underproduction. Pituitary tumors are also common and can cause hormonal imbalances or pressure effects.
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Feedback mechanism of metabolism (Positive and Negative feedback mechanism)
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Positive And Negative Feedback
Positive and negative feedback are mechanisms the body uses to return to homeostasis. Positive feedback involves exaggerating the body's response, while negative feedback more directly works to restore normal conditions. Examples of negative feedback include perspiration and shivering, which help regulate body temperature back to normal levels.
Homeostasis
Homeostasis refers to the process by which organisms regulate internal conditions to maintain a stable and constant environment. Negative feedback loops play an important role in homeostasis, as the response works to remove or reduce the stimulus to bring the regulated factor back to its normal range. Thermoregulation, the ability to maintain a stable body temperature, is an important example of homeostasis that allows for optimal biological functioning across different temperatures. Both behavioral and physiological mechanisms enable endothermic and ectothermic organisms to regulate their body temperatures.
Chapter 12 Homeostasis
The document discusses homeostasis and temperature regulation in the human body. It defines homeostasis as the maintenance of a constant internal environment through negative feedback mechanisms. It describes how the body regulates temperature through receptors in the skin that detect temperature changes and signal the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus then initiates responses like vasodilation, sweating, shivering and changing metabolic rate to increase or decrease heat loss and maintain core body temperature.
Complaint & Feedback Mechanism (Shafaf)
The document discusses the results of a study on the effects of exercise on memory and thinking abilities in older adults. The study found that regular exercise can help reduce the decline in thinking abilities that often occurs with age. Specifically, aerobic exercise was shown to improve executive function and memory in adults aged 60-79 who exercised for 30-45 minutes three times per week over the course of a 6-month study period.
Topic feedback mechanism
The document discusses the feedback mechanism that organisms use to maintain homeostasis. It explains that feedback mechanisms detect changes from normal conditions and work to correct them, returning the body to a normal state. Examples provided include the regulation of body temperature, hormone levels, heart and breathing rates, and blood sugar levels to illustrate how negative feedback mechanisms function to keep internal conditions stable.
Homeostasis
Homeostasis simplified! Wondering about the basics of homeostasis? Learn about balance within the human body and how this contributes to what we call "health".
PFTR 1121 assignment 1 homeostasis
This document discusses homeostasis, which is the process the body uses to maintain stable internal conditions necessary for life. It involves various receptors detecting changes and sending signals to control centers to initiate responses through effectors that regulate physiological variables and return them to normal levels. Homeostasis is essential for survival and involves both negative feedback loops that counteract disturbances and positive feedback loops that amplify them in certain situations like blood clotting and childbirth. The document provides examples of homeostasis in processes like temperature regulation and blood glucose control, as well as behavioral and physiological response types and interactive questions about homeostasis concepts.
Homeostasis
Homeostasis refers to the maintenance of a constant internal environment in the body, keeping factors such as temperature, water concentration, and glucose levels stable despite changes in the external environment. This allows cells to function efficiently and prevents damage. Endothermic animals like mammals and birds internally regulate their body temperature, while ectothermic animals like reptiles rely on external temperatures. The skin plays an important role in homeostasis through its structure - the epidermis contains cells that protect the body and produce melanin and keratin, while the dermis contains sweat glands, blood vessels, and nerves that help regulate temperature.
Regulation of blood pressure
There are four main mechanisms that regulate blood pressure: nervous, renal, hormonal, and local. The nervous mechanism acts the fastest via the vasomotor system to control heart rate and vasoconstriction/vasodilation in response to baroreceptors and chemoreceptors. The renal mechanism regulates blood pressure long-term by controlling extracellular fluid volume and through the renin-angiotensin system. Hormonal and local factors also contribute to blood pressure regulation.
Homeostasis
La homeostasis es el proceso por el cual los organismos vivos mantienen constantes las condiciones internas necesarias para la vida a través de mecanismos como las glándulas sensoras y el hipotálamo. A nivel celular, la homeostasis mantiene las concentraciones uniformes de los componentes celulares, mientras que en los seres humanos el sistema circulatorio juega un papel vital al proporcionar metabolitos a los tejidos y eliminar desechos. El control más complejo es el de los niveles de glucosa en la sangre, regulado por seis
Powerpoint homeostasis
Homeostasis refers to the maintenance of stable internal conditions in the body despite changes in the external environment. Key organs like the skin, kidneys, liver, and endocrine and nervous systems work together to regulate factors such as temperature, pH, water concentration, and glucose levels through negative feedback loops. When detected variations in these conditions occur, systems respond to counteract the change and restore homeostasis.
Body systems and homeostasis
The document discusses the major body systems and their roles in homeostasis. It describes the main organs, functions, and homeostatic role of the circulatory, vascular tissue, digestive, excretory, respiratory, skeletal, muscular, endocrine, nervous, and sensory systems. The four systems involved in regulating internal body temperature are listed as the nervous, endocrine, excretory, and circulatory systems.
Homeostasis of the body
Homeostasis refers to the maintenance of a constant internal environment in the body. The body has mechanisms to keep key factors like temperature, water levels, and glucose concentration within normal ranges to allow cells to function properly. These mechanisms include sweating and vasodilation to cool the body down, vasoconstriction and piloerection to warm up, and insulin and glucagon regulation of glucose levels. The kidneys also help control water levels and remove waste from the blood in the form of urine.
Homeostasis
El documento describe los conceptos de homeostasis y sus componentes. La homeostasis se refiere a la capacidad de los seres vivos para mantener constantes las condiciones internas a través de mecanismos de retroalimentación negativa. Estos mecanismos permiten detectar cambios y controlarlos para preservar el equilibrio dinámico necesario para la vida.
Blood pressure regulation 2013
Blood pressure variation and homeostasis - physiological basis for medical and health sciences students and professionals
Cardiovascular System
The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The heart pumps blood through a closed circulatory system of arteries, veins, and capillaries. Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart while veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Blood functions include transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide, fighting infection, clotting, maintaining blood pressure, and regulating temperature. The path of blood flow is from the vena cava to the right side of the heart, then to the lungs to receive oxygen, and from the lungs to the left side of the heart and out to the body via the aorta before returning to the heart. Common cardiovascular problems include atherosclerosis, hypertension,
Blood Pressure Measurement (2011)
Here are the steps to measure blood pressure using different types of sphygmomanometers:
1. Aeroid (mercurial and non-mercurial) sphygmomanometer:
- Attach the cuff to the upper arm and pump the bulb until the column of mercury rises to 200 mmHg.
- Slowly release the pressure and listen over the brachial artery with a stethoscope. Note the first appearance and disappearance of Korotkoff sounds.
2. Anaeroid (automatic) sphygmomanometer:
- Turn on the device and make sure it is functioning properly. Select the appropriate cuff size.
- Apply the cuff to the upper arm and press start. The c
Feedback
Feedback is an essential process for improvement where the output or effect of an action is communicated to modify the next action. It occurs through dialogue reflecting how one's behavior is seen by others and is important for regulatory mechanisms like education and the economy to work. Feedback is valuable for employees as it identifies strengths and weaknesses, allows checking of assumptions, and prevents false assessments if handled properly. There are different types of feedback including motivational, developmental, constructive, intrinsic, and extrinsic feedback. Principles for effective feedback include focusing on observable behaviors, giving it privately, and suggesting alternative behaviors.
Biology PPT Homeostasis
Homeostasis refers to the concept of maintaining stable internal conditions in living organisms. The document provides examples of how homeostasis regulates important internal factors like body temperature, water levels, glucose levels, and blood pressure. It explains that receptors detect changes in these conditions and negative feedback mechanisms kick in to return the levels back to normal. For instance, if body temperature rises, the hypothalamus triggers sweating and increased blood flow to the skin to cool down. Overall, homeostasis is how the body automatically counteracts disturbances to keep its internal environment in a stable state.
Homeostasis
I. La homeostasis se refiere a los procesos que mantienen el equilibrio dinámico del medio interno del cuerpo a pesar de los cambios en el medio externo. II. Estos procesos implican mecanismos efectores como las vías nerviosas y endocrinas que detectan cambios y regulan funciones como la temperatura, los niveles de glucosa y electrolitos. III. La homeostasis es fundamental para la vida y las enfermedades surgen cuando se altera este equilibrio.
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The document describes a homeostasis experiment where a test subject underwent changes to maintain optimal homeostatic conditions. Key measurements like skin color, perspiration, body temperature, breathing rate, and heart rate were monitored during exercise. The findings show how these indicators change as part of the body's negative and positive feedback loops to regulate homeostasis during increased activity.
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Homeostasis refers to the maintenance of a stable internal environment in the body. The internal environment is the extracellular fluid that surrounds cells, including blood and interstitial fluid. It contains nutrients, ions, and other substances necessary for cell survival.
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The document discusses the internal environment of multicellular organisms. It defines the internal environment as the space inside organisms filled with air or interstitial fluid. The internal environment consists of interstitial fluid and blood plasma that exchange nutrients and waste. Physical factors like temperature and chemical factors like pH and salt levels must be maintained within a constant range for optimal cell function, through a process called homeostasis. Homeostasis uses receptors, control centers, and effectors in a negative feedback loop to regulate the internal environment. For example, sweating cools the body if temperature rises above 37°C. The document emphasizes that a stable internal environment allows cells and their metabolic processes to function properly.
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The document discusses homeostasis and its importance in maintaining stable internal conditions in living organisms. It defines homeostasis as the state of steady internal conditions maintained by living systems. Key points include:
- Homeostasis involves negative feedback mechanisms that work to counteract stimuli and maintain equilibrium. It regulates variables like body temperature, pH, blood sugar levels, etc.
- The skin provides an example of homeostasis in action, with receptors detecting temperature changes and the brain signaling sweat glands and blood vessels to cool the body.
- Factors like genetics, diet, and toxins can influence homeostasis. Its breakdown can cause illness, while its importance lies in allowing organisms to function despite environmental changes.
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The endocrine system uses hormones to regulate processes in the body. Hormones are chemical messengers released into the bloodstream that travel to target organs and cells. The nervous system acts quickly using nerve impulses, while the endocrine system acts more slowly over time using hormones. Major hormones and the glands that produce them include growth hormone from the pituitary gland, thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland, insulin from the pancreas, and sex hormones from the gonads. Hormones bring about effects by binding to receptors on cells and altering their activity through various intracellular mechanisms.
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The document provides information about homeostasis and how the human body regulates various processes and conditions to maintain homeostasis. It discusses how homeostasis involves maintaining stable internal conditions like blood glucose levels and body temperature. It describes negative feedback loops and specific examples like insulin/glucagon regulation of blood glucose and temperature regulation in the body. Medical conditions that result from homeostatic imbalances are also mentioned, such as diabetes, dehydration, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, and gout.
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To maintain homeostasis, the body uses control systems involving receptors, control centers, and effectors. A stimulus is detected by receptors and signaled to the control center. The control center then sends responses through effectors to balance the stimulus and maintain stable internal conditions, even as external environments change. Negative feedback mechanisms shut off or reduce stimuli to return the body to normal states, while positive feedback can increase stimuli and disrupt homeostasis. Homeostasis of body temperature through these control systems is essential for biochemical processes to function properly.
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The document summarizes key aspects of the endocrine system, including:
1) It coordinates slower responses to stimuli compared to the nervous system and regulates growth and homeostasis.
2) Hormones can be protein or steroid based, with different solubility and receptor interaction properties.
3) Feedback loops, second messengers, glands, and hormone interactions are described, highlighting control of processes like metabolism and development.
4) The hypothalamus, pituitary and thyroid glands interact in regulatory pathways, while other glands like the pancreas and gonads produce hormones controlling functions like blood sugar and sexual development.
The+ Endocrine+ System
The document summarizes key aspects of the endocrine system, including:
1) It coordinates slower responses to stimuli compared to the nervous system and regulates growth and homeostasis.
2) Hormones can be protein or steroid based, with different solubility and receptor interaction properties.
3) Feedback loops, second messengers, glands, and hormone interactions are described, highlighting control of processes like metabolism and development.
4) The hypothalamus, pituitary and thyroid glands interact in regulatory pathways, while other glands like the pancreas and gonads produce hormones controlling functions like blood sugar and sexual development.
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This document provides information and guidelines about writing a report on homeostasis. It includes definitions of homeostasis, descriptions of the key components and mechanisms involved in maintaining homeostasis, examples of disruptions to homeostasis, and the adaptive advantages of homeostasis. Students are instructed to research and write a report that describes the purpose, components, and mechanism of a homeostatic control system, explains how balance is reestablished following a disruption, discusses the system's adaptive advantage, and analyzes an example of how a disruption could occur. The document also provides guidance on including citations and creating a bibliography to avoid plagiarism.
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This document provides an overview of the organization of the human body and its systems. It begins with introductory terms like anatomy and physiology. It then describes the different levels of organization from the chemical level to the organ system level. The major organ systems like the integumentary, skeletal, and muscular systems are defined. Key concepts like homeostasis, metabolism, and fluid balance are introduced. Directional terms, planes of division, and body cavities are also outlined to enhance learning of human anatomy. The learning outcomes focus on describing the organization of the body and its systems, as well as defining important physiological concepts.
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This document provides an introduction to human anatomy and physiology. It discusses the meanings of anatomy and physiology, which are the two branches of science that study body structures and functions. The document then outlines the basic levels of structural organization in the human body from cells to tissues to organs to systems. It proceeds to describe each body system in brief, including the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems. It also discusses basic life processes like metabolism, growth, and homeostasis.
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The document discusses homeostasis, which refers to maintaining equilibrium and stable internal conditions in the body. It explains that homeostasis involves negative feedback loops. Three key components of homeostasis are discussed: the receptor, which detects changes; the control center, which receives this information; and the effector, which responds to changes detected by the receptor and instructions from the control center to restore balance. Homeostasis is important for survival as it regulates conditions like body temperature, blood glucose levels, blood pressure and more.
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Topic feedback mechanism
- 1. Topic: Feedback Mechanism. Aim: How do organisms use the feedback mechanism to maintain homeostasis? Do now: Read P 150 & ans. Why do organisms use the feedback mechanism? Organisms use the feedback mechanism to detect changes from the normal conditions & correct them returning the body to normal state. (homeostasis).
- 2. What is the feedback mechanism ? Read p. 150 2nd Para.& ans. What is the feedback mechanism? It is a self- regulating system. Give an example to explain this system. An increase in body temperature is sensed by the brain. The brain will send a message to the sweat glands of the skin to produce sweat. Evaporation of the sweat from the body will lower body temperature.
- 3. Have you heard of the Negative feedback mechanism? Read P150 3rd Para, & ans. Write two facts about the negative feedback mechanism. The secretion of hormones by the endocrine system is regulated by the negative feedback mechanism. The level of one hormone in the blood stimulates or inhibits the production of another. Study Fig. 17-5 summarize what you learned.
- 4. What are other examples of feedback mechanisms that maintain homeostasis? Check P150 3rd Para. Changes in heart rate or respiratory rate in response to increased activity in muscle cells. The maintenance of blood sugar levels by insulin from the pancreas.
- 5. Do plants use the feedback mechanisms? Read P 151 1st Para.& ans. Howdo guard cells behave to change stomates opening? – Guard cells regulate the opening and closing of the stomates. – The change in stomates openings regulate water loss and gas exchange . This process maintains a balance of water &gases in the plants.
- 6. GUARD CELLS IN ACTION