This passage discusses how the Sears and Roebuck catalogue was an important part of American society for decades as it allowed people to order a wide variety of items for their homes through mail delivery. The catalogue was especially important for those living in remote areas with limited access to supplies. The passage notes that in the early 20th century, it was possible to order an entire mail-order house through the Sears catalogue, receiving all building materials and plans for around $600.
MODUL BHS INGGRIS KLS XII UNIT 2 EXPLANATIONsman 2 mataram
This document provides an overview of explanation text, including its definition, purpose, generic structure, and differences from procedure text. It defines explanation text as telling processes relating to natural, social, scientific, and cultural phenomena to describe why and how phenomena are formed. The generic structure of explanation includes an identification of the phenomenon and sequenced explanations. It also notes language features commonly found in explanations like using simple present tense, action verbs, and technical terms. Finally, it compares explanations and procedures, noting that explanations use passive voice to describe phenomena while procedures use commands to describe how to make something.
Dokumen tersebut berisi soal-soal tes yang mencakup berbagai konsep statistik seperti rata-rata, median, modus, dan kuartil. Soal-soal tersebut didasarkan pada data-data numerik yang diolah menggunakan rumus dan prosedur statistik dasar.
Uji Normalitas Liliefors Menggunakan Microsoft ExcelDewanto Dewanto
Uji normalitas liliefors menggunakan microsoft excel berisikan langkah-langkah yang dapat diikuti oleh teman-teman apabila ingin melakukan uji normalitas menggunakan Microsoft Excel.
The expression of offering, accepting, and declining somethingsatriadiskom
The document discusses the proper ways to offer, accept, and decline things in English. It provides examples of formal and informal phrases for offering something like "Can I get you some..." or "What about some?". Accepting offers politely involves saying thank you and responding affirmatively with phrases like "Yes, please" or "That would be very nice.". Declining offers respectfully requires saying no thank you while providing a reason like being on a diet or not having enough time.
MODUL BHS INGGRIS KLS XII UNIT 2 EXPLANATIONsman 2 mataram
This document provides an overview of explanation text, including its definition, purpose, generic structure, and differences from procedure text. It defines explanation text as telling processes relating to natural, social, scientific, and cultural phenomena to describe why and how phenomena are formed. The generic structure of explanation includes an identification of the phenomenon and sequenced explanations. It also notes language features commonly found in explanations like using simple present tense, action verbs, and technical terms. Finally, it compares explanations and procedures, noting that explanations use passive voice to describe phenomena while procedures use commands to describe how to make something.
Dokumen tersebut berisi soal-soal tes yang mencakup berbagai konsep statistik seperti rata-rata, median, modus, dan kuartil. Soal-soal tersebut didasarkan pada data-data numerik yang diolah menggunakan rumus dan prosedur statistik dasar.
Uji Normalitas Liliefors Menggunakan Microsoft ExcelDewanto Dewanto
Uji normalitas liliefors menggunakan microsoft excel berisikan langkah-langkah yang dapat diikuti oleh teman-teman apabila ingin melakukan uji normalitas menggunakan Microsoft Excel.
The expression of offering, accepting, and declining somethingsatriadiskom
The document discusses the proper ways to offer, accept, and decline things in English. It provides examples of formal and informal phrases for offering something like "Can I get you some..." or "What about some?". Accepting offers politely involves saying thank you and responding affirmatively with phrases like "Yes, please" or "That would be very nice.". Declining offers respectfully requires saying no thank you while providing a reason like being on a diet or not having enough time.
Kelompok 3 terdiri dari 5 mahasiswa yang menguji homogenitas varians dari penjualan minuman berbeda warna kaleng menggunakan uji Levene. Uji Levene digunakan untuk menguji apakah varians penjualan tiga warna (merah, kuning, biru) sama. Data penjualan 18 toko diperoleh dan hasil uji Levene menunjukkan bahwa varians penjualannya tidak sama.
Laporan penelitian ini membahas kecerdasan spiritual mahasiswa Yogyakarta dilihat dari berbagai variabel seperti jenis kelamin, perguruan tinggi, agama, dan lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kecerdasan spiritual mahasiswa Yogyakarta dan perbedaannya berdasarkan variabel-variabel tersebut.
Pertemuan 11 (uji normalitas dan homogenitas)reno sutriono
Uji normalitas dan homogenitas merupakan uji statistik yang penting untuk memilih jenis uji statistik selanjutnya. Uji normalitas digunakan untuk mengetahui distribusi data normal atau tidak, sedangkan uji homogenitas untuk menguji kesamaan varians antar kelompok data. Dokumen ini menjelaskan dua jenis uji normalitas, yaitu Chi Kuadrat dan Liliefors, serta dua jenis uji homogenitas, yaitu Uji F dan Bartlett.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang uji normalitas dan homogenitas. Uji normalitas digunakan untuk menentukan apakah data berasal dari populasi normal, dengan metode seperti Chi Square, Kolmogorov Smirnov, Lilliefors, dan Shapiro Wilk. Uji homogenitas digunakan untuk menguji apakah variansi dari dua kelompok data sama atau tidak dengan menghitung nilai F. Diberikan contoh penghitungan kedua jenis uji tersebut.
Bab 2 dokumen tersebut membahas tentang pengukuran panjang yang mencakup satuan panjang tidak baku seperti jengkal, hasta, depa, langkah, dan kaki yang dijelaskan panjangnya. Dokumen ini juga menjelaskan satuan panjang baku yaitu meter yang diukur menggunakan mistar atau penggaris dimana 100 sentimeter sama dengan 1 meter.
Tugas 3 Rangkuman Protocol DNS, FTP, HTTP, dan SMTPRobby Firmansyah
Dokumen tersebut merangkum pengertian beberapa protokol jaringan, yaitu:
1. DNS digunakan untuk menerjemahkan nama komputer menjadi alamat IP dan membantu pengguna mengingat nama komputer.
2. HTTP memfasilitasi pertukaran informasi di internet secara request-response antara klien dan server.
3. FTP digunakan untuk bertukar file di antara komputer di jaringan menggunakan protokol TCP.
4. SMTP mengatur komunikasi
The document outlines an English lesson plan for 10th grade students focusing on announcements. It includes the lesson's competencies, objectives, materials, activities, and assessment. The lesson introduces students to the definition, purpose, structure and language features of announcements. Students will listen to examples of announcements and work in groups to create their own announcement based on a provided transcript. Their work will be assessed on accurately capturing the meaning of the transcript. The lesson aims to improve students' ability to understand and respond to simple oral announcements.
Dokumen tersebut menjelaskan rumus keseimbangan tuas, yaitu bahwa beban dikalikan dengan lengan beban harus sama dengan kuasa dikalikan dengan lengan kuasa. Rumus ini digunakan untuk menghitung berat yang seimbang pada berbagai contoh soal tentang keseimbangan tuas.
Rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di SMK kelas X semester 1 membahas tentang teks laporan hasil observasi makhluk di bumi ini. Pembelajaran dilakukan selama 2 pertemuan dengan alokasi waktu 2 x 45 menit untuk menganalisis struktur, bahasa, dan isi teks laporan tersebut serta menyuntingnya sesuai kaidah dan struktur teks. Metode pembelajaran menggunakan pendekatan saintifik melalui diskusi, tanya
LAPORAN AKHIR KULIAH KERJA PRAKTIK
PENERIMAAN PAJAK KENDARAAN BERMOTOR (PKB) PADA
KANTOR BERSAMA SATU ATAP (SAMSAT) PUTRI HIJAU MEDAN
UTARA
Diajukan sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Sains
Museum Review Essay Example. Online assignment writing service.Natasha Hopper
The real estate industry has embraced social media as a way to connect with potential buyers and sellers. Real estate agents can build their brand and profile on sites like Facebook, Instagram, and LinkedIn to attract more clients. By posting listings, open houses, and local market updates on social media, agents are able to generate more leads and sales in a cost-effective manner.
I. The passage discusses the constant conflict between modernity and tradition. While social sciences often emphasize modernity, it is important to understand tradition and how it has shaped our lives in order to comprehend late modernity.
II. Some traditions are more recent innovations than imagined. For example, the Scottish kilt was invented in the 19th century by an Englishman and was a product of industrialization rather than an ancient tradition.
III. Many traditions were invented during the industrial era in the 19th century rather than being ancient, including some iconic Cambridge buildings and rituals surrounding the British monarchy.
Kelompok 3 terdiri dari 5 mahasiswa yang menguji homogenitas varians dari penjualan minuman berbeda warna kaleng menggunakan uji Levene. Uji Levene digunakan untuk menguji apakah varians penjualan tiga warna (merah, kuning, biru) sama. Data penjualan 18 toko diperoleh dan hasil uji Levene menunjukkan bahwa varians penjualannya tidak sama.
Laporan penelitian ini membahas kecerdasan spiritual mahasiswa Yogyakarta dilihat dari berbagai variabel seperti jenis kelamin, perguruan tinggi, agama, dan lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kecerdasan spiritual mahasiswa Yogyakarta dan perbedaannya berdasarkan variabel-variabel tersebut.
Pertemuan 11 (uji normalitas dan homogenitas)reno sutriono
Uji normalitas dan homogenitas merupakan uji statistik yang penting untuk memilih jenis uji statistik selanjutnya. Uji normalitas digunakan untuk mengetahui distribusi data normal atau tidak, sedangkan uji homogenitas untuk menguji kesamaan varians antar kelompok data. Dokumen ini menjelaskan dua jenis uji normalitas, yaitu Chi Kuadrat dan Liliefors, serta dua jenis uji homogenitas, yaitu Uji F dan Bartlett.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang uji normalitas dan homogenitas. Uji normalitas digunakan untuk menentukan apakah data berasal dari populasi normal, dengan metode seperti Chi Square, Kolmogorov Smirnov, Lilliefors, dan Shapiro Wilk. Uji homogenitas digunakan untuk menguji apakah variansi dari dua kelompok data sama atau tidak dengan menghitung nilai F. Diberikan contoh penghitungan kedua jenis uji tersebut.
Bab 2 dokumen tersebut membahas tentang pengukuran panjang yang mencakup satuan panjang tidak baku seperti jengkal, hasta, depa, langkah, dan kaki yang dijelaskan panjangnya. Dokumen ini juga menjelaskan satuan panjang baku yaitu meter yang diukur menggunakan mistar atau penggaris dimana 100 sentimeter sama dengan 1 meter.
Tugas 3 Rangkuman Protocol DNS, FTP, HTTP, dan SMTPRobby Firmansyah
Dokumen tersebut merangkum pengertian beberapa protokol jaringan, yaitu:
1. DNS digunakan untuk menerjemahkan nama komputer menjadi alamat IP dan membantu pengguna mengingat nama komputer.
2. HTTP memfasilitasi pertukaran informasi di internet secara request-response antara klien dan server.
3. FTP digunakan untuk bertukar file di antara komputer di jaringan menggunakan protokol TCP.
4. SMTP mengatur komunikasi
The document outlines an English lesson plan for 10th grade students focusing on announcements. It includes the lesson's competencies, objectives, materials, activities, and assessment. The lesson introduces students to the definition, purpose, structure and language features of announcements. Students will listen to examples of announcements and work in groups to create their own announcement based on a provided transcript. Their work will be assessed on accurately capturing the meaning of the transcript. The lesson aims to improve students' ability to understand and respond to simple oral announcements.
Dokumen tersebut menjelaskan rumus keseimbangan tuas, yaitu bahwa beban dikalikan dengan lengan beban harus sama dengan kuasa dikalikan dengan lengan kuasa. Rumus ini digunakan untuk menghitung berat yang seimbang pada berbagai contoh soal tentang keseimbangan tuas.
Rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di SMK kelas X semester 1 membahas tentang teks laporan hasil observasi makhluk di bumi ini. Pembelajaran dilakukan selama 2 pertemuan dengan alokasi waktu 2 x 45 menit untuk menganalisis struktur, bahasa, dan isi teks laporan tersebut serta menyuntingnya sesuai kaidah dan struktur teks. Metode pembelajaran menggunakan pendekatan saintifik melalui diskusi, tanya
LAPORAN AKHIR KULIAH KERJA PRAKTIK
PENERIMAAN PAJAK KENDARAAN BERMOTOR (PKB) PADA
KANTOR BERSAMA SATU ATAP (SAMSAT) PUTRI HIJAU MEDAN
UTARA
Diajukan sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Sains
Museum Review Essay Example. Online assignment writing service.Natasha Hopper
The real estate industry has embraced social media as a way to connect with potential buyers and sellers. Real estate agents can build their brand and profile on sites like Facebook, Instagram, and LinkedIn to attract more clients. By posting listings, open houses, and local market updates on social media, agents are able to generate more leads and sales in a cost-effective manner.
I. The passage discusses the constant conflict between modernity and tradition. While social sciences often emphasize modernity, it is important to understand tradition and how it has shaped our lives in order to comprehend late modernity.
II. Some traditions are more recent innovations than imagined. For example, the Scottish kilt was invented in the 19th century by an Englishman and was a product of industrialization rather than an ancient tradition.
III. Many traditions were invented during the industrial era in the 19th century rather than being ancient, including some iconic Cambridge buildings and rituals surrounding the British monarchy.
The document discusses the reasons why slavery was supported in the past and the challenges involved in abolishing it. It argues that slavery was supported because it generated large profits for slave owners, but could only be ended through war since freeing slaves may have encouraged rebellion and challenges to the existing social order. Evidence provided includes inhumane treatment of slaves like whipping and transporting them like animals. The civil war brought an end to slavery, though the impacts continued afterwards. Questions are raised about how racism became entrenched and how societies can acknowledge past cruelty.
Chapter 1 section 4 (how are living things classified) 2011Mr. Motuk
This document provides an overview of biological classification and taxonomy. It discusses the history of classification from Aristotle to the modern system. Aristotle was the first to classify organisms into kingdoms but had problems with some organisms. Carolus Linnaeus improved the system by basing it on body structure. The modern system uses six kingdoms - Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plants, and Animals. Organisms are classified based on traits like cell structure, DNA, and phylogeny into taxonomic groups from kingdom to species.
Environmental Science Merit Badge - requirement 1, 2, 3a and 3bHillary Jones
Some steps society can take to help reduce the effects of acid rain include:
- Implementing regulations to limit sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions from power plants and other industrial sources. Many areas have seen reductions in acid rain as a result of these emissions regulations.
- Transitioning from fossil fuels like coal to cleaner energy sources such as natural gas, solar, wind, nuclear and hydropower which produce fewer acid rain causing emissions.
- Developing and adopting technologies that can capture sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions from large stationary sources before they are released into the air.
- Educating the public about acid rain causes and effects so individuals can make choices that produce fewer emissions, such as driving less, improving energy efficiency
NATURE AND MORALITY In recent years, people have come to realize.docxrosemarybdodson23141
NATURE AND MORALITY
In recent years, people have come to realize that natural resources and animals, plants, and trees are not boundless but are subject to diminishment, destruction, and loss through careless exploitation, pollution, and the general encroachment of civilization. In the past, despite inklings of this realization in cases such as the near extinction of the American buffalo in the old West through wholesale slaughter, people assumed that natural resources would last forever and were there merely to be used and exploited. Water, air, forests, animals, plants, and minerals were considered to exist in abundance and without end. In recent years, however, with the rise of industrialized, technological, producing, and consuming societies, people have discovered that this is just not so. There indeed are limits to the natural resources of the world, and it is possible to eliminate whole species of animals by means of lack of concern for their survival and willful exploitation.
At this point one may wish to review the discussion of the four aspects of morality in Chapter 1, and especially the second aspect, nature and morality, which has to do with human beings and their relationship to nature. For most modern, “civilized” people, “nature and morality” was a new category, but in reality it was an ancient idea among primitive human beings who tended to see themselves as being much more closely allied with nature than we do. Even our modern-day concerns are often centered around nature’s destruction as that affects our own lives rather than nature having value in and for itself. In this sense, human relations with nature could be subsumed under the social aspect having to do with people in relationship to other people.
However, many people do consider nature as being valuable in and of itself and insist that we have specific moral obligations toward it and all that it contains, especially those animals that are close to us in nature’s order. In this chapter, we will look at both aspects but will concentrate upon nature and morality.
ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICAL ISSUES
Several environmental ethical issues will be discussed throughout this chapter, and it is important to describe them briefly now.
Waste and Destruction of Natural Resources
For years we have assumed that our natural resources will last forever, that our water, air, oil, minerals, earth, plants, and trees will always be there for us to use and will never be depleted. However, in recent times we have discovered that there is a limit to everything, including our natural resources. Some believe that we are very close to the end of nature. As we willy-nilly cut down trees for use in wood and paper products, for example, we began to realize that our forests were disappearing. When we had oil shortages in 1973, 1998, 1999, and 2000, and Americans were held hostage by the Arab nations, we began to realize that there was only so much oil in the ground and the sea, and tha.
The document discusses several concepts related to big history, including how examining the origins and production of everyday items like coffee can provide insight into broader historical trends. It also summarizes several films that trace major events and migrations in human history, such as the spread of people out of Africa, catastrophic climate events like volcanic eruptions, and how geographical factors influenced different societies' development. Key events discussed include the migration of early humans, the plague of 535 CE, and how trade introduced new crops and animals between the Old World and New World.
1A THE HUMAN OCEAN 20th CENTURY CHANGESTHE GARBAGE PATCH-U.docxdrennanmicah
1A: THE HUMAN OCEAN: 20th CENTURY CHANGES
THE GARBAGE PATCH-Underwater image of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch which might look like a zone of death but there is still life here in what is called the "NEUSTON", a floating ecosystems. The important understanding here is that even though the plastic problem is notable and scary, the plastic is mixed together with living creatures.....SO lets thick about....... How Plastic Cleanup Threatens the Oceans Living Islands
Population
In the relatively short span of time over the last half a century (my lifetime) the population on planet Earth has more than doubled. I was born in 1959, and in that year the global population passed the 3 billion mark. By my 40th birthday in 1999, the number of people on Earth had doubled to 6 billion. IN the last 19 years, we have added another 1.5 billion. Currently there are about 7.54 billion people alive here. We add about 10,000 an hour, 240,000 a day, or about 90 million per year. Over a 1.5 billion people are starving. People need to eat.
The oceans provided enough in the beginning of the 20th century when the population was less than 2 billion. Advances in fishing technology with larger vessels and refrigeration allowed boats to start the global feeding frenzy. The fish were free, and fleets driven for profit took as much as they could from the sea. It still happens today but there are a lot less fish. Stocks of migrating tuna will be depleted by 2050 so that commercial fishing for them will not be viable.
Petrochemicals and Waste
By the time I was born there had already been major changes. We had been burning fuel for 200 years and using newly synthesized petro-based "augmented" hydrocarbons intensively for 50 years. We burn 10 times more now. We have developed many more hydrocarbon based chemicals since then. Near the time of my birth a woman ecologist by the name of Rachael Carson had amassed data and helped expose an enormous threat. Hundreds of new chemicals had been developed, many of which were being added into the environment purposefully to eradicate pests with little knowledge about lasting effects. Life died. Birds took a serious hit. Farm animals were falling over dead after drinking water tainted with DDT, a chlorinated hyrdocarbon. DDT was finally banned in the U.S. in seventies, worldwide in 2001, but is still in the soil and sea. And believe or not the DDT ban is still controversial, some say it could save millions of lives, those that die from Malaria. Unfortunately these critics don’t get the fact that many more humans will die in the future if we destroy our environment. It’s not just about humans. Ironic and sad is the fact that after banning DDT here in the US, the US companies that made it continued to produce it and sell it overseas for almost 30 years. There are still large amounts of toxic chemicals introduced into the soil, lakes, rivers and oceans every year. Another petroleum-based product is plasti.
The document discusses environmentalism from the 1980s to present. In the 1980s, there was a backlash against environmentalism with cuts to conservation funding and relaxed regulations. Visible environmental problems like oil spills drew attention. In the 1990s and 2000s, issues like climate change and biodiversity gained recognition, though the Bush administration opposed some environmental policies. Debate continues over balancing economic and environmental concerns.
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This document provides a timeline of key events in environmental history from ancient times to present day. It covers topics like early pollution, conservation efforts beginning in the 1800s with individuals like John Muir and Theodore Roosevelt, major pollution events in the 1900s that sparked environmental laws, and some recent global disasters. The timeline shows how environmental issues have long plagued human civilization but also how awareness and action have grown over time, from the first national parks to modern international agreements on climate change.
Charles Darwin developed the theory of evolution by natural selection after observing variations in species during his voyage on the HMS Beagle. The document discusses the key points of Darwin's theory, including that 1) organisms produce more offspring than can survive, 2) individuals vary, 3) those best adapted to the environment survive and pass on their traits, leading populations to become better adapted over time. It also describes Darwin's observations of finches on the Galapagos Islands which provided evidence for his theory of evolution.
1. Lye (sodium hydroxide) solutions are often used to remove mixtu.docxSONU61709
1. Lye (sodium hydroxide) solutions are often used to remove mixtures of solidified grease and hair from clogged plumbing. Select the BEST answer which indicates why lye is effective for this purpose?
The lye solution absorbs the hair and grease.
The lye solution forms a water soluble soap with the hair and grease.
The lye bleaches the hair and grease.
The lye coagulates the hair and grease.
1. The primary acids in acid rain are sulfuric and nitric acids. When it rains, a chemical reaction between the sulfuric acid (in the rain) and limestone structures will form carbon dioxide, water, and a salt of the metal. This salt is:
CaCl2.
CaCO3.
Ca(NO3)2.
CaSO4.
1. Di-lithium is composed of two lithium atoms. Which of the following statements regarding di-lithium or lithium is FALSE?
They oxidize very slowly in air.
They remain in the solid state even after getting fragmented.
Their temperature exceeds the boiling point of water during their reaction to water.
The hydrogen dissipates into the surrounding environment when reacting to water.
1. A common product of hydrolysis when some substances react with water is hydrogen chloride. Which of the following water reactive substances does NOT produce hydrogen chloride?
Acetyl chloride
Chlorine dioxide (hydrate)
Chromium oxychloride
Lithium hypochlorite
1. Which of the following acids is present in soft drinks?
Hydrofluoric acid
Glacial acetic acid
Phosphoric acid
Oxalic acid
· __________ is a regulatory agency that requires employers to provide suitable facilities for quick drenching and flushing of the eyes and body in all areas within a workplace where employees may be exposed to a corrosive material.
· Aluminum phosphide can be used as a fumigant for almond and pistachio nuts. When aluminum phosphide is shipped, the description will be: __________.
· When metallic potassium reacts with water, the __________ produced initially concentrates around the metal where it self-ignites.
· __________ is a colorless liquid that is mainly used as a chlorinating and dehydrating agent. When it reacts with water, a gaseous hydrochloric acid and aqueous sulfuric acid are produced.
· __________, which is considered a weak acid, reacts with the components of glass, so it is transported in polyethylene or other acid resistant plastic containers.
1. The element titanium occurs on earth as titanium (IV) oxide and is found mostly in the mineral called rutile. Rutile is abundant in beach sands in Australia and South Africa. For titanium to be useful, rutile has to be processed to obtain the basic metal form of titanium. Although the process is costly, titanium is gaining popularity as a material for various equipment due to its strength and light weight. One such application is in sports equipment.
a. Explain the chemical process of manufacturing the metal form of titanium.
b. Explain why titanium is a good choice of material for golf clubs. When not in use, discuss at least on ...
The passage discusses the history and importance of the patent system. It originated in England to encourage innovation by protecting inventors' rights and ideas. These principles were incorporated into the US Constitution and first patent law. The patent system has endured with few changes because it stimulates competition, increases productivity and wages, and brings benefits to society by rewarding creativity.
The document discusses how various inventions and discoveries throughout history have led to changes in human civilization and culture. It notes that in the 11th century, the Crusades led to the modern university system, and discoveries in art and recording technologies followed. It argues that humans are inherently driven to discover and invent due to their desire for change and variety, and that while new inventions often look to the past, they make improvements. The document also discusses how genetic studies have traced human migration patterns and relationships between different populations.
This document summarizes several passages about scientific discoveries and historical events that changed human understanding of the world. It discusses how Greek philosophers like Thales began using reason and observation to understand nature. It describes Spencer Wells' research tracing human migration origins in Africa. It outlines a hypothesized climate catastrophe in the 6th century AD that may have impacted societies. It examines Jared Diamond's theory about why some civilizations developed technologies and wealth more than others based on location and domesticatable plants and animals. Finally, it outlines impacts of the Columbian Exchange between the Old and New Worlds, including the introduction of new crops and diseases.
During the late 19th century:
- Industrialization advanced rapidly in Europe leading to mass migration to cities and revolutionary changes in science and technology.
- Middle and upper classes experienced a golden age while social reforms increased rights and education for more people.
- Major scientific advances occurred including discoveries about atoms and the development of periodic tables which began the modern age of science.
- However, political forces emerged that threatened Europe's stability as nationalism and imperialism grew more prominent.
The document discusses the definition and characteristics of science, describing it as both a body of knowledge and process of discovery that seeks to understand the natural world through questions, evidence, and collaboration. Several fields of science are outlined including chemistry, which is celebrated in 2011 as an international year focusing on its contributions to society. The document also provides examples of scientists throughout history and some interesting facts about chemistry.
This document discusses strategies for overcoming a weak ground game as an offense. It notes that being in third-and-long situations due to an inability to gain yards on early downs does not have to cripple an offense. It cites the Chargers offense as an example of a team that relies on the passing game rather than establishing the run, but still uses backs as receivers to extend the ground attack. While the Chargers recently lost a key pass-catching back in Danny Woodhead, the document implies their offense can still succeed through the air despite a lack of success on the ground.
Human activities can negatively impact the environment by depleting renewable resources and causing pollution. Sustainable development aims to meet human needs while preserving the environment. Some key threats include deforestation, overfishing, soil erosion, and the introduction of invasive species. Conservation efforts and transitioning to renewable resources can help reduce environmental harm.
The document summarizes the life cycles of several animals:
- Mosquitoes go through four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Larvae live in water and pupae undergo transformation.
- Butterflies also have four stages: egg, larva (caterpillar), pupa, and adult. They undergo a process called metamorphosis.
- Dragonflies spend most of their life as nymphs in water. They go through egg, nymph, and adult stages.
- Frogs go through egg, tadpole, and adult stages. Males fertilize eggs in amplexus position and tadpoles transform over weeks.
This lesson plan aims to teach students how to speak in the form of a news item. It includes indicators, teaching objectives, materials, and teaching procedures. The procedures involve building students' knowledge of news items, having them jointly construct sample texts, and independently constructing their own. Students will perform news items they created in pairs and individually to practice the format. The plan aims to help students respond meaningfully in transactional and interpersonal conversations using simple oral language.
Simon Jenkins, the president of Winchester Falls Café, wrote a letter to Jeanne Sokol to apologize for poor service during her recent visit to one of their restaurants in London. He acknowledges that she had to wait over 30 minutes for a table despite making a reservation. To remedy the situation, Simon Jenkins included a £25 voucher for use at any Winchester Falls Café location. The voucher expires on December 31st and provides contact information for the guest relations department.
The passage discusses the history and development of rocket technology. It notes that:
1) Rockets were likely first developed in China in the 10th century using gunpowder, and were initially used to propel arrows and other projectiles.
2) By the 13th century, the Chinese were commonly using rocket-propelled fire arrows and other incendiary weapons.
3) Europeans did not seriously consider using rockets as weapons until the 18th century after seeing their effectiveness used by Indian forces against the British.
TPR is an approach where students learn a second language through listening and performing physical actions in response to commands. It is based on how children acquire their first language. Some key aspects of TPR include using actions to reinforce vocabulary comprehension, developing listening before speaking, and engaging students kinesthetically. TPR can be used for all subjects and has benefits like being memorable and inclusive for different learning styles, though it works best for beginners and requires switching up activities.
Group 7 includes AsnidewitA, Hudya Nelfia, and Widya Febrina. The document discusses two approaches to language instruction: text-based instruction and competency-based instruction. Text-based instruction focuses on teaching different text types and their structures. It involves building context, modeling texts, and having students jointly and independently construct texts. Competency-based instruction emphasizes teaching life skills and measures outcomes through demonstrated mastery of objectives. Both approaches aim to prepare students for real-world language use but can oversimplify skills and become repetitive.
The document discusses planning goals and learning outcomes for language education curricula. It examines different approaches to stating curriculum aims, such as academic rationalism and social reconstructionism. The document also analyzes how to describe learning outcomes through objectives, competencies, and nonlanguage outcomes to provide clear guidelines for curriculum development.
This document discusses Total Physical Response (TPR), a language teaching method where students learn through physical actions in response to verbal commands. TPR is based on the idea that language acquisition happens in the same way as a child learns their first language through listening before speaking. The teacher gives students instructions which they act out using body movements. This allows students to learn vocabulary, grammar structures, and comprehend language through embodied actions linked to what they hear. The document outlines how TPR can be used in the classroom, its advantages like being memorable and inclusive for different learning styles, and some potential disadvantages if overused or not adapted for higher levels.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
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Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptxKavitha Krishnan
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
1. TOEFL
1. Stated Detail Questions
Example 1:
The Sears and Roebuck catalogue was a fixture in American society for many
decades. Practically anything needed in the American home could be ordered through this
comprehensive catalogue and delivered by mail. The catalogue made it easier for
homeowners in urban areas to track down items they were trying to find; the catalogue was
an absolute necessity for residents in out-of-the-way areas where many types of home
supplies were not available for hundreds of miles.
In the early twentieth century, it was not just possible to buy home supplies from the
Sears and Roebuck catalogue. It was actually possible to buy a mail-order house. Then, you
orderd a house through the mail, you would receive all the necessary building materials as
well as plans for constructing the house; all of this could be had for price starting around
$600.
1. This passage mainly discusses
(A) products sold in the Sears and Roebuck catalogue
(B) the design of the Sears and Roebuck catalogue
(C) how to shop using catalogues
(D) shopping through the Sears and Roebuck catalogue in the past
2. the passage indicates that items ordered through the Sears and Roebuck catalogue
(A) had to be picked up at a Sears and Roebuck catalogue
(B) were delivered by mail
(C) arrived in Sears and Roebuck trucks
(D) had to be small
2. 3. the price of $600 mentioned in the passage was
(A) the lowest price for the item
(B) the average price for the item
(C) the only price for the item
(D) the highest price for the item
Example 2:
The technology of the North American colonies
did not differ strikingly from that of Europe, but
in one respect, the colonists enjoyed a great
advantage. Especially by comparison with Britain,
Americans had a wonderfully plentiful supply of
wood. (Paragraph 1)
The first colonists did not, as many people
imagine, find an entire continent covered by a
climax forest. Even along the Atlantic seaboard,
the forest was broken at many points. Nevertheless,
all sorts of fine trees abounded, and through
the early colonial period, those who pushed
westward encountered new forests. By the end
of the colonial era, the price of wood had risen
slightly in eastern cities, but wood was still
extremely abundant. (Paragraph 2)
The availability of wood brought advantages
that have seldom been appreciated. Wood was a
foundation of the economy. Houses and all
manner of buildings were made of wood to a
degree unknown in Britain. Secondly, wood was
3. used as fuel for heating and cooking. Thirdly, it
was used as the source of important industrial
compounds, such as potash, an industrial alkali;
charcoal, a component of gunpowder; and
tannic acid, used for tanning leather. (Paragraph 3)
The supply of wood conferred advantages
but had some negative aspects as well. Iron at
that time was produced by heating iron ore with
charcoal. Because Britain was so stripped of
trees, she was unable to exploit her rich iron
mines. But the American colonies had both iron
ore and wood; iron production was encouraged
and became successful. However, when Britain
developed coke smelting, the Colonies did not
follow suit because they had plenty of wood and
besides, charcoal iron was stronger than coke
iron. Coke smelting led to technologic innovations
and was linked to the emergence of the
Industrial Revolution. In the early nineteenth
century, the former colonies lagged behind
Britain in industrial development because their
supply of wood led them to cling to charcoal
iron. (Paragraph 4)
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The advantages of using wood in the
colonies
(B) The effects of an abundance of wood
on the colonies
(C) The roots of the Industrial Revolution
(D) The difference between charcoal iron
and coke iron
4. 2. Which of the following is a common
assumption about the forests of North
America during the colonial period?
(A) They contained only a few types of trees.
(B) They existed only along the Atlantic
seaboard.
(C) They had little or no economic value.
(D) They covered the entire continent.
3. According to the passage, by the end of the
colonial period, the price of wood in
eastern cities
(A) rose quickly because wood was
becoming so scarce.
(B) was much higher than it was in
Britain.
(C) was slightly higher than in previous
years.
(D) decreased rapidly because of lower
demand for wood.
Example 3:
There are two kinds of evidence which can explain how some of Charles Darwin’s opinions
were formed and promulgate. The first is an essay on population growth by Thomas Malthus
and the order is the theory and practice of selective breeding.
Thomas Malthus wrote that the human population war growming faster than food supply
needed to feed it. This started Darwin’s thinking about all forms of life. He realized that in
nature too many organism are being producedn and that many of their affspring did not
survive. He concluded that there must be some kind of struggle between the organism to
survive. Only some organism can survive by winning the competition for food, avoiding
predators and by finding shelter.
Selective breeding showed Darwin that plants and animals could be created by the selection
parents which have the best possibilities for survival. Breeders and growers selected parents
with the most suitable size, color and number of seeds or offspring. This was artificial
5. selection, and it led Darwin to belive that there was a similar force in nature, but a natural
selection.
Darwin drew up his theory of evolution by natural selection over a period of many years, and
the final outcome was his book entitled ―The Origin of the Species, in which he stated that
not only was evolution by natural selection but also that organism with variation suitable for
the environment survive and eventually an organism population as a whole will become
better suited for its environment.
1. Selective breeding means that
a. Organism with the most desirable characteristicswere chosen for breeding
b. Parents were selected for breeding according to the organism
c. Organism with less desirable feature were bred with those with better ones
d. New species af animal and plants were created
2. Implied Detail Questions
Example 1:
On the hardness scale, corundum immediately follows diamond, which is the hardest
mineral in the world. Corundum is perhaps better known by the names of its gemstones, ruby
and sapphire. Basically, gem corundum is divided into two groups: corundum that is red in
color is called ruby, and corundum that is any other color is caled sapphire.
Pure corundum is clear, but pure corundum is rarely found in the nature. If small
amounts of the chemical substance chromic oxide (Cr2O3) got into the chrystal structure
when it formed million of years ago, then the corundum turned a deep, rich red and became
ruby.
Red is not the only color that corundum can take on. Other chemical substances enter
into the crystal structure of corundum; and it can take on a variety of other colors. Most
people associate blue with sapphires,and certainly when corundum contains impurites that
6. turn it blue, it is called sapphire. However, corundum can have a variety of other colors – e.g,
green or purple—and still be called sapphire.
1. yellow corundum is most likely called
(A) gold
(B) chromic oxide
(C) ruby
(D) sapphire
Example 2:
The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our healt. Although science has made
enormous steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods
unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps 80 percent of cancer is related to the diet
as well, especially cancer of the colon. People of different cultures are more prone to contract
certain illnesses because of the characteristic foods they consume.
That foods is related to illness is not new discovery. In 1945, government researchers realized
that nitrates and nitrites (commonly used to preserve color in meats) as well as other food
additives caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it becomes
more difficult all the time to know which ingredients on the packaging labels of processed
food are helpful or harmful.
The additives that we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to cattle and
poultry, and because of this, penicillin has been bound in the milk of treated cows.
Sometimes, similar drugs are administered reason. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the
animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the food and drug
Administration (FDA) has tried repeatedly to control thesse procedures, the prctices continue.
A healthy diet is directly related to good health. Often we are unware of detrimental
substances we ingest. Sometimes well-meaning farmers or otherswho do not realize the
consequences add these substances to food without our knowledge.
7. 1. How has science doone a disservice to people ?
(A) Because of science, disease caused by contaminated food has been virtually eradicated.
(B) It has caused a lack of information concerning the value of food.
(C) As a result of scientific intervention, some potentially harmful substances have been
added to our food.
(D) The scientists have preserved the color of meats, but not of vegetables.
2. The word ―prone‖in paragraph 1 is nearest in meaning to…
(A) Supine
(B) Unlikely
(C) Healthy
(D) Predisposed
3. What are nitrates used for ?
(A) They preserve flavor in packaged foods
(B) They preserve the color of meats
(C) They are the objects of research.
(D) They cause the animals to become fatter.
Example 3:
In the 1960s, as space travel was becoming a subject of much discussion, Pan
American Airlines began receiving some fairly unusual requests for flight information.
People began making requests to be on the first flight that Pan Am made to the Moon.
On a whim, Pan Am started a waiting list for the first flight to the Moon. Similar
requests have come to Pan Am over the years, and Pan Am has responded by adding the
names of the requesters to the list. Unfortunately for Pan Am, the original company is no
8. longer in business, and it never got to the Moon. However, when it went out of business, it
had a waiting list of
more than 90,000 names for its first lunar flight.
1. Which of the following is NOT true about systolic blood pressure?
(A) It is taken during the contraction of the heart.
(B) It is usually given first in a blood pressure reading.
(C) A normal systolic measurement is 120 – 140.
(D) Hypertension exists when the systolic pressure is below 140.
3. Find Factual Information
Lake Baikal
Crescent-shaped Lake Baikal, in Siberia, is only the ninth largest lake in area at 385
miles (620 kilometers) in length and 46 miles (74) kilometers in width, yet it is easily the
largest body of fresh water in the world. It holds one-fifth of the world’s deepest lake. The
average depth of the lake is 1,312 feet (400 meters) below sea level., and the olkhon Crevice,
the lowest known point, is more than 5,250 feet (1,600) deep.
Lake Baikal, which today is located near the center of the Asian peninsula,, is most
likely the world’s pldest lake. It began forming 25 million years ago as Asia started splitting
apart in a series of great faults. The Baikal Valley dropped away, eventually filling with
water and creating the deepest of the world’s lakes.
1. what is stated in paragraph 1 about the shape of Lake Baikal?
(A) it is wider than it is long
(B) it is circular in shape
(C) its width is one-half of its length
(D) it is shaped like a new moon
9. 4. Understand Negative Facts
Flatfish
Membes of the flatfish family, sand dabs and founders, have an evolutionary
advantage over many colorfully decorated ocean neighbors in that they are able to adapt their
body coloration to different environments. Hese aquatic chameleons have flattened bodies
that are well-suited to life along the ocean floor in the shallower areas of the continental shelf
that they inhabit. They also have remarkably sensitive color vision that registers the subtlest
gradations on the sea bottom and in the sea life around them. Information about the coloration
of the environment is carried through the nervous system the chromatophores, which are
pigment-carrying skin cells. These chromatophores are able to accurately reproduce not only
colors but also the texture of the ocean.
1. it is not stated in the passage that sand dabs
(A) are a type of flathfish
(B) are in the same family as flounders
(C) have evolved
(D) are colorfully decorated
5. Make Inferences from Stated Facts
Tiger Moths
One of the most beautiful of the 100000 known species in the order Lepidoptera are
the tiger moths, moths known for the striking appeal of their distinctive coloration. This type
of moth is covered with highly conspicuous orange-and-black or yellow-and-black patterns of
spots and stripes. Such boldly patterned color combinations are common place in the animal
world, serving the function of forewarning potential predators of unpleasant tastes and smells.
This is unquestionably the function served by the striking coloration of the garden tiger moth,
which is quite visually attractive but is also poisonous to predators. Certain glands in the tiger
moth produce strong toxins that circulate throghout the insect’s bloodstream, while other
glands secrete bubbles that produce a noxious warning smell. The tiger moth, indeed, is a
10. clear example of a concept that many predators intuitively understand, that creatures with the
brightest coloration are often the least suitable to eat.
1. it can be inferred from the passage that the tiger moth was so named because
(A) its coloration resembles that of a tiger
(B) it is a ferocious predator, like the tiger
(C) its habit is the same as the tiger’s
(D) it is a member of the same scientific classification as the tiger
6. Infer Rhetorical Purpose
Xerography
One more familiar use of electrochemistry that has made its way into the mainstream
is xerography, a process of replicating documents that is dependent on photoconductive
materials. A photoconductive material is an insulator in the dark but becomes a conductor
when exposed to bright light. When a photocopy is being made, an image of a document is
projected onto the surface of a rotating drum, and bright light causes the photoconductive
material on the surface of the drum to become conductive.
As a result of the conductivity, the drum loses its charge in the lighted areas, and toner
attaches itself only to the darker parts of the image. The grains are then carried to a sheet of
paper and fused with heat. When a laser printer is used, the image is projected by means of a
laser beam, which creates a brighter light and a greater contrast between lighter and darker
areas and therefore results in sharper printed images.
1. the author begins the first paragraph with ―one more familiar use of electrochemistry‖ in
order to
(A) explain that xerography is one of the less familiar uses of electrochemistry
(B) make it clear that electrochemistry requires photoconductive materials
(C) show that xerogrphy is the only known use for electrochemistry
11. (D) indicate that other less familiar uses have already been discussed
7. Select Summary Information
Island Plant Life
Islands are geographical formations that are completely surrounded by water,yet
many islands are covered with a rich assortment of plant life. It may seem surprising that so
much plant life exists on many islands, yet there are surprisingly simple explanations as to
how the vegetation has been able to establish itself there. Some islands were formerly
attached to larger bodies of land, while others were created on their own. Islands that were
created when flooding or rising water levels cut them off from their neighbors often still have
the plant life that hey had before they were cut off. In cases were islands formed out of the
ocean, they may have plant life fromneighboring lands even though they were never actually
attached to the neighboring lands. Winds carry many seeds to islands; some plants produce
extremely light seeds that can float thousands of feet above the earth and then drift down to
islands where they can sprout and develop. Birds also carry seeds to ilands.
This passage discusses the ways that plant life is able to develop on islands
Answer choices (choose 3 to complete tha chart)
1) Some seeds are able to float great distances in the air.
2) Some plant life existed before islands were cut off from larger bodies of land
3) Some islands have many different varieties of plants
4) Birds sometimes carry seeds to islands
5) Some islands were created when rising water cut them off from larger bodies of land
6) Some plants seeds are carried to islands by the wind.
8. Complete Schematic Table
12. Sand Dunes
Sandy deserts contain enormous volumes of sand erode from mountains and carried to
the deserts by wind or water. The huge quantities of sand that make up sandy deserts are
blown about into dunes of various shapes.
Ridge dunes form where there are large amounts of sand, generally in the interiors of
deserts, and winds blow in one direction. Under these conditions, parallel ridges of sand,
known as transverse dunes, form at right agles to the wind.
When the direction of the wind changes so that it comes from different directions,
star-shaped dunes form from the massive amounts of sand in desert interiors. Star-shaped
dunes are relatively stable dunes that reach incredible heights, up to 80 meters high in some
deserts, and are quite common in massive deserts such as sahara.
Crescent dunes form on the edges of deserts where there is less sand and where the
winds blow mainly in one direction. These dunes, which are also known as barchan dunes,
are less stable than star shaped dunes and can shift as much as 20 meters per year as winds
blow over the outer curves of the crescent in the direction of the pointed ends.
Direction: select the appropriate ideas from the answer choices
and match them to the appropriate type of dune. Two of the
answer choices will not be used. This question is worth 3
points.
Ridge dunes
Star-shaped dunes
Crescent dunes
Answer choices ( 5 to complete the table):
1) Form when winds from various directions blow over small amounts of sand
13. 2) Form when winds from one direction blow over small amounts of sand
3) Form when winds from various directions blow over large amounts of sand
4) Form when winds from one direction blow over large volumes of sand
5) Are circular dunes in the middles of desserts
6) Are ridges of sand in the middle of deserts
7) Are generally not founs in the middle of deserts
9. vocabulary in Context question
Example:
The chili pepper is native to the Americas, but nowadays it is found all over the
world. It is an extremely popular spice in many cultures and is, in fact, the world’s second
favorite spice, after salt. There are more than a hundred species of chili peppers, some of
which are quite mild and others of which are incredibly hot and spicy.
Today chili peppers are used to spice a variety of foods, e.g., salsa, meat and rice
dishes, and even jam and jelly. In the past, chili peppers had some others, more unusual, uses.
In ancient Mexico, for example, chilies could be ue to pay taxes. In addition, in Panama,
these peppers were used to protect against sharks.
1. the word :favorite‖ in line 3 is closest meaning to
(A) most popular
(B) most delicious
(C) best known
(D) most recognized
10. “where” questions
Example:
14. REM (rapid eye movement) sleep is a type of sleep that is important to humans. This
type of sleep generally occurs four or five minutes to forty minutes. The periods of REM
sleep become longer and longer as the night progresses.
Physical changes occur in the body to show that a person has transitioned from
NREM (non-rapid eye movement) sleep REM sleep. Breathing becomes faster, the heart rate
increases, and,as the name implies, the eyes begin to move quickly.
Accompanying these physical changes in the body is a very important characteristic
of REM sleep. It is during REM sleep that dreams occur.
1. the subject of this passage is
(A) the human need for REM sleep
(B) physical changes in the human body
(C) the characyeristics of REM sleep
(D) why people sleep