This document discusses titrimetric analysis and different types of titrations. It defines titration as the slow addition of a titrant of known concentration to an analyte of unknown concentration until neutralization. There are four main types of titrations: acid-base, complexometric, redox, and precipitation titrations. Acid-base titrations determine the concentration of an acid or base through neutralization of H3O+ and OH- ions at the equivalence point, which can be indicated by a color change in an added indicator.

1. Titrimetric analysis
Ayesha shafi

2. Content
• INTRODUCTION
• SOME DEFINITIONS
• TYPES OF TITRATION
• ACID BASE TITRATION
• TYPES OF THE ACID BASE TITRATION

3. Introduction
• Titration is a technique to determine the concentration of an
unknown solution.
• Titration is the slow addition of one solution of a known
concentration (called a titrant or titrator) to a known volume of
another solution of unknown concentration (called a titrant or
analyte) until the reaction reaches neutralization, which is often
indicated by a color change.
• Also known as Titrimetry or Volumetric Titration.

4. Titration apparatus
titrant
analyte

5. SOME DEFINITIONS
Titrant is the solution added from the burette.
The equivalent point is the point at which the amount of acid
and base present exactly neutralizes one another. (number of
moles of OH- ions and number of moles of H+ ions are equal)
Indicator is a substance that is generally added to the solution in
the receiving vessel an which undergoes some sort of colour
change when reaction is over.
The end point of titration is the point when the indicator changes
colour.

6. Elements of Titration . . .
• The standard solution: the
solution of known concentration.
An accurately measured amount
of standard solution is added
during titration to the solution of
unknown concentration until the
equivalence or endpoint is
reached.
• The analyte: the solution of
unknown concentration is known
as the analyte.
During titration the titrant is
added to the analyte in order to
achieve the equivalence point and
determine the concentration of
the analyte.

7. Type of Titrations
Classified into four types based on type of
reaction involved;
1. Acid-base titrations
2. Complexometric titrations
3. Redox titrations
4. Precipitation titrations

8. • An acid-base titration is a procedure used
in quantitative chemical analysis to
determine the concentration of either
acid or a base.
• The equivalence of an acid-base titration
is the point at which there are equal
amounts (in moles) of H3O+ and OH- in
titration flask.
Acid base titration

9. • End point of titration – the point in a titration at which
the indicator changes colour.
• The indicator should change colour sharply at the
equivalence point.
• At the end point of the titration,
- all the acid has been neutralised by the alkali
- the solution in the conical flask contain salt and water
only.
H3O+ + OH- H2O

10. Types of acid base titration
Acidimetric Titration:
• Direct or residual volumetric analysis of a base with a standard acid.
• E.g. Assay of sodium bicarbonate.
Alkalimetric Titration:
• it is an estimation of acidic drug by titration with the standard alkali.
• E.g. Assay of boric acid.